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D E L A W A R E—D E L F T

more than three of them can sit together in any one of those courts, though three must do so whenever practicable. Two constitute a quorum, save in the Court of Oyer and Terminer, where three are required. The Supreme Court consists, on error or appeal from a law court, of the Chancellor, who presides, and such of the five law judges as did not sit below ; on appeal from the Court of Chancery, of the five law judges, three of whom constitute a quorum. In politics, since the close of the Civil War in 1865, the State has generally been Democratic. But, in 1889, a Republican was elected to the United States Senate ; and candidates of the same party were, in 1894, 1898, and 1900, chosen to the National House of Representatives, and, in 1894 and 1900, to the Governorship. In 1895, 1899, and 1901, the Legislature, being then Republican, was, because of a division in the party as to candidates, unable to elect a United States Senator, so that the State had, from 4th March 1895 till 1897, and from 4th March 1899 till 4th March 1901 only one United States Senator, and none at the special session of the Senate in March 1900. In 1896 and 1900, Mr M'Kinley, the Republican candidate for the Presidency, partly because of the attitude of the Gold Democrats, carried the State by large majorities. General Grant obtained, as the Republican candidate in 1872, a small majority. (j. b. M*.) Delaware, capital of Delaware county, Ohio, U.S.A., on the Olentangy river, at an altitude of 902 feet. It has three railways, the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St Louis, the Columbus, Sandusky and Hocking, and the Hocking Valley. The Ohio Wesleyan University, located here, had, in 1899, 53 professors and instructors, and 1055 students, one-third of whom were women. Its property was valued at over $1,300,000, and its income was $62,000. Population (1880), 6894; (1890), 8224; (1900), 7940, of whom 572 were foreignborn and 432 negroes. Delaware River, a river of the eastern United States, rises in the Catskill Mountains, in south-eastern New York, and flows south-west to the north-east corner of Pennsylvania ; thence, with a south-east course, it forms the boundary between New York and Pennyslvania, and farther down, with a course alternating between south-east and south-west, it forms the boundary between New Jersey on the east and Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west. It has no well-defined mouth, but gradually widens into Delaware Bay. It is navigable to Trenton, where are falls, a distance from the capes of the Delaware of 128 miles. Its entire length from its head to the capes at the entrance to Delaware Bay is upwards of 400 miles and its drainage basin comprises 12,012 square miles. In its upper course, after leaving the Catskills, it flows alternately through the valleys between the Appalachian ridges and across these ridges through water-gaps. The most picturesque and best known of these is Delaware WaterGap. The falls at Trenton, which have been utilised for power, are produced by the passage of the river over a fault-line from hard granite rocks to soft Tertiary beds. Delbriick, Martin Friedrich Rudolf, Prussian statesman (1817 ), was born at Berlin on 16th April 1817. On completing his legal studies he entered the service of the State in 1837 ; and after holding a series of minor posts, was transferred in 1844 to the Ministry of Commerce, which was to be the sphere of his real life’s work. Both Germany and Austria had realized the influence of commercial upon political union. Delbriick in 1851 induced Hanover, Oldenburg, and SchaumburgLippe to join the Zollverein ; and the southern States, which had agreed to admit Austria to the union, found themselves forced in 1853 to renew the old union, from which Austria was excluded. Delbriick now began, with the support of Bismarck, to apply the principles of Free Trade to Prussian fiscal policy. In 1862 he concluded an important commercial treaty with France, which he succeeded in inducing the southern States to accept. After the Prussian victories of 1866, a Zollbundesrath or Federal

Council was constituted, in which Delbriick, who became the first President of the Bundeskanzleramt or Federal Chancellery (1867), represented Bismarck in political as well as commercial questions. In 1868 he became a Prussian Minister without portfolio. In October 1870, when the political union of Germany under Prussian headship became a practical question, Delbriick was chosen to go on a mission to the South German States, and contributed greatly to the agreements concluded at Versailles in November. In 1871 he became President of the newly constituted Reichskanzleramt. Delbriick now, however, began to feel himself uneasy under Bismarck’s leanings towards Protection and State control. On the introduction of Bismarck’s plan for the acquisition of the railways by the State, Delbriick resigned office, nominally on the ground of ill-health (1st June 1876). In 1879 he opposed in the Reichstag the new protectionist tariff, and on the failure of his efforts retired definitely from public life. Delcass£, Th4ophile (1852 ), French statesman, was born at Pamiers, in the department of Ariege, on 1st March 1852. He wrote articles on foreign affairs for the Republique Frangaise and Paris, and in 1888 was elected Conseiller General of his native department, standing as “un disciple fiddle de Gambetta.” In the following year he entered the Chamber as deputy for Foix. He was appointed Under Secretary for the Colonies in the second Ribot Cabinet (January to April 1893), and retained his post in the Dupuy Cabinet till its fall in December 1893. It was largely owing to his efforts that the French Colonial Office was made a separate department with a Minister at its head, and to this office he was appointed in the second Dupuy Cabinet (May 1894 to January 1895). He gave a great impetus to French colonial enterprise, especially in West Africa, where he organized the newly acquired colony of Dahomey, and despatched the Liotard mission to the Upper Ubangi. While in opposition, he devoted special attention to naval affairs, and in speeches that attracted much notice declared that the function of the French navy was to secure and develop colonial enterprise, deprecated all attempts to rival the British fleet, and advocated the construction of commerce-destroyers as France’s best reply to England. On the formation of the second Brisson Cabinet in June 1898 he succeeded M. Hanotaux at the Foreign Office, and retained that post under the subsequent premierships of MM. Dupuy and Waldeck-Rousseau. In 1898 he had to deal with the delicate situation caused by Captain Marchand’s occupation of Fashoda, for which, as he admitted in a speech in the Chamber on 23rd January 1899, he accepted full responsibility, since it arose directly out of the Liotard expedition, which he had himself organized while Minister for the Colonies; and in March 1899 he concluded an agreement with Great Britain by which the difficulty was finally adjusted, and France consolidated her vast colonial empire in North-West Africa. In the same year he acted as mediator between the United States and Spain, and brought the peace negotiations to a successful conclusion. He introduced greater cordiality into the relations of France with Italy : at the same time he adhered firmly to the alliance with Russia, and in August 1899 made a visit to St Petersburg, which he repeated in April 1901. In June 1900 he concluded an important agreement with Spain, fixing .the long-disputed boundaries of the French and Spanish possessions in West Africa. Delft, a town in the province of South Holland, N ether lands, 10 miles north-west of Rotterdam by rail. Formerly it rivalled Rotterdam in the importance of its shipping and commerce, but it is now only the market for the butter and cheese of the fertile district around. There is still