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DATIA—DAUBIGNY

devotion which prompted all this constant and tender care. 10.30. At 12 or 12.15 “he considered his day’s work But it is, I repeat, a principal feature of his life, that for over ” and went for a walk, whether wet or fine. For a nearly forty years he never knew one day of the health time’ he rode, but after accidents had occurred twice, was of ordinary men, and that thus his life was one long advised to give it up. After lunch he read the newspaper struggle against the weariness and the strain of sickness. and wrote his letters or the MS. of his books. At about And this cannot be told without speaking of the one 3 0 he rested and smoked for an hour while being read condition which enabled him to bear the strain and fight to, often going to sleep. He then went for a short walk, out the struggle to the end.” and returning about 4.30, worked for an hour. After this Charles Darwin was honoured by the chief societies of he rested and smoked, and listened to reading until tea at the civilized world. He was made a Knight of the Prussian 7 30 a meal which he came to prefer to late dinner. He Order, “ Pour le Merite ” in 1867, a Corresponding Member then’ played two games of backgammon, read to himself, of the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1863, a Fellow in and listened to music and to reading aloud. He went to 1878, and later in the same year a Corresponding Member bed generally very much tired, at 10.30, and was often of the French Institute in the Botanical Section. He much troubled by wakefulness and the activity of his received the Bressa Prize of the Royal Academy of Turin, thoughts. , ., It is thus apparent that the number of hours ^devoted and the Baly Medal of the Royal College of Physicians in 1879, the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society in to work in each day was comparatively few. The im- 1859, a Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1853, and mense amount he achieved was due to concentration during these hours, also to the unfailing and, because of the Copley Medal in 1864. His health prevented him from accepting the Honorary Degree which Oxford Unihis health, the necessary regularity of his life. The appearance of Charles Darwin has been made well versity wished to confer on him, but his own University known in numerous portraits and statues. He was tall had stronger claims, and he became an Honorary LL.D. Cantab, in 1877. and thin, being about 6 feet high, but looked less because The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobio. of a stoop, which increased towards the end of his life. graphical chapter. Edited by bis son Francis Darwin. 3 vols. As a young man he had been active, with considerable London, 1887.—Charles Darwin: his life told in an autobiographical powers of endurance, and possessed in a marked degree chapter! and in a selected series of his published letters. Edited by those qualities of eye and hand which make the successful bis son Francis Darwin. London, W2.—Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection. By E. B. Boulton. London, 1896. sportsman. and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley. By his son Leonard Charles Darwin was, as a young man, a, believer in —Life Huxley. 2 vols. London, 1900. (e. B. P.) Christianity, and was sent to Cambridge with the idea PcftlH) a native state of India, in the Bundelkhand that he would take Holy Orders. It is probable, however, that he had merely yielded to the influences of his home, agency. It lies in the extreme north-west of Bundelkhand, without thinking much on the subject of religion. He near Gwalior. Area, 837 square miles. Population, first began to reflect deeply on the subject during the two (1881), 182,598 ; (1891), 186,440, showing an increase of per cent.; average density, 223 persons per square years and a quarter which intervened between his return from the Beagle (October 2,1836) and his marriage (January mile. Estimated gross revenue, Rs. 10,00,000 ; tribute to 29, 1839). His own words are, “ disbelief crept over me at Sindhia paid through the British Government, Rs. 15,000. a very slow rate, but was at last complete. The rate was The chief, whose title is Maharaja, is a Rajput of the Bundela clan, being descended from a younger son of a so slow that I felt no distress.” His attitude was that of the tolerant unaggressive former chief of Orchha. The present Maharaja was agnostic, sympathizing with and helping in the social and appointed K.C.S.I. in 1898. The state suffered from charitable influences of the English Church in his parish. famine in 1896-97, and again to a less extent in 1899He was evidently most unwilling that his opinions on 1900. It is traversed by the branch of the Indian Midland religious matters should influence others, holding, as his Railway from Jhansi to Gwalior. The Town of Datia is son, Francis Darwin, says, “that a man ought not to situated in 25° 40' N. lat. and 78° 30' E. long.; railway publish on a subject to which he has not given special and station, 16 miles from Jhansi. Population (1881), 28,346; (1891), 27,566. It is surrounded by a stone wall, encontinuous thought ” (l.c., i. p. 305). In addition to the personal qualities and powers ot closing handsome palaces, with gardens. Charles Darwin, there were other contributing causes Daubigny, Charles - Francois (1817without which the world could never have reaped the 1878), French landscape painter, allied in several ways benefit of his genius. It is evident that Darwin s health with the Barbizon School. He was born in Paris, 15th could barely have endured the strain of working for a February 1817, but spent much time as a child at Valliving, and that nothing would have been left over for his mondois, a village on the Oise to the north-west of Pans. researches. A deep debt of gratitude is owing to his Daubigny was the son of an artist, and most of his family father, Dr Darwin, who placed him in a position m which were painters. He began to paint very early in life, all his energy could be devoted to scientific work ant and at the age of seventeen he took a studio of his own. thought. But his ill-health was such that this important Within twelve months he had saved enough to go to and essential condition would have been insufficient with- Italy, where he studied and painted for nearly two years; out another even more essential. Francis Darwin, in the he then returned to Paris, not to leave it again until, m Life and Letters (i. pp. 159-160), writes these eloquent 1860, he took a house at Auvers on the Oise. By loo/ and pathetic words :—“No one indeed, except my mother, Daubigny had become famous as a river and landscape knows the full amount of suffering he endured, or the full painter, although he had been devoting himself as well to amount of his wonderful patience. For all the latter drawing in black-and-white, to etching, wood engraving, ana years of his life she never left him for a night; and her lithography. In 1855 his picture, “ Lock at Optevoz, days were so planned that all his resting hours might be now in the Louvre, was purchased by the State ; four years shared with her. She shielded him from every avoidable later Daubigny was created Knight of the Legion or annoyance, and omitted nothing that might save him Honour, and in 1874 he was promoted to be an Officer trouble or prevent him becoming over-tired, or that might In 1866, at the invitation of Lord, then Mr, Leighton an alleviate the many discomforts of his ill-health. I hesitate others, he visited London, where, however, he was hurt by to speak thus freely of a thing so sacred as the lifelong