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 CHICAGO,

UNIVERSITY

by a World’s Fair at Chicago (see article EXHIBITIONS) The site was at Jackson Park, on the lake shore, and included 666 acres. On 21st October 1892 (corresponding to 12th October, o.s.), the date of the discovery, occurred the formal dedication of the grounds. The fair was opened on 1st May 1893, and was continued until 15th November. The buildings, planned by a commission of architects, formed a collection of rare beauty, while the grounds,

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board $200,000 towards the permanent building on the lake front, used during the fair as a place of meeting for the various congresses. Municipal Reform.—In the spring of 1893 the Civic Federation was organized by a number of public-spirited citizens, and through that agency, as well as by other means, much has been accomplished in the direction of giving Chicago better government and better civic conditions. In 1895 the state adopted a municipal civil service law, which might be put in force by any city on affirmative vote of the people. It was ratified in Chicago by a majority of over 50,000. Later an improved revenue law and a law for the protection of primary elections have been enacted. All these measures were secured by the efforts of Chicago reformers. In 1896 the Municipal Voters’ League was organized. This body has devoted itself to securing a better common council. The league examines and publishes the record of each candidate, no matter by what party nominated, and recommends election or defeat, as the case may be. As a result the council has been largely redeemed from the corrupt element which at one time controlled it. AUTHORITIES.—ANDREAS. History of Chicago. 3 vols.—BLANCHARD. History of Chicago and the North-West.—BROSS. History of Chicago.—Li^n. Chicago: Her Trade and Commerce.—MOSES and KIRKLAND. History of Chicago. 2 vols. SHEAHAN and UPTON. Chicago: Laws and Ordinances of Chicago; Industrial Chicago. 1891-96. 6 vols.—SPARLING. Municipal History of Chicago. School Census Reports; Forty-third Annual Statement of the Finances of City of Chicago, from 1st January 1899 to 31st December 1899.—The Lakeside City Directory, 1899. —Forty-second Annual Report of the Trade and Commerce of Chicago (to the Board of Trade) for the year ending 31st December 1899.—Reports of the City Departments and of the various Institutions. Report of the Committee of the Common, Council on Street Railways.

(H. P. J.)

Chicago, University of,

intersected by lagoons and bordered by the waters of the lake, gave an appropriate setting. The principal nations of the world, and nearly all the states, of the Union had appropriate buildings, and the exhibits were on an extensive scale. A notable feature was the series of congresses on important subjects, of which the parliament of religions was perhaps the most successful. The total number of paid admissions was 27,529,401. I wo permanent results of the fair remain m Chicago. le Field Columbian Museum found the nucleus of its great collection in many exhibits which were presented to it. The Chicago Art Institute was given by the World s 4 air

situated at Chicago, 111., U.S.A., wasfounded by John D. Rockefeller,, and opened its doors in October 1892. In 1899-1900 it had 223teachers and 3183 students.. It occupies eight blocks in the city of Chicago, upon which seventeen stone buildings have been erected; seven additional ones, are now being built. The library, contains 305,000 volumes. The value of grounds, buildings, and equipmen is nearly $4,000,000, and the invested funds approximate $6 500 000. The only professional school is in divinity, but fully one-third of the students are engaged in graduatework in arts, literature, and science. The university extension division is important, and the university presspublishes twelve scientific periodicals. By a system ot affiliation close relationship is sustained with a number ot colleges and secondary schools. Students of both sexes are admitted on equal terms. The Yerkes observatory of