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1895.—Schroeder, J. Costa Rica State Immigration. San Jose,. 1894.—Anuario estadistico de la Republica de Costa Rica. San Jose. Estadistica del Comer do exterior de la Republica de Costa Rica. San Jose.—Handbook of Costa Rica. Bureau of the American Republics. Washington, 1891. — United States Consular Reports. Washington.—British Diplomatic and Consular Reports.. London. (w. W. E. ; C. E. A.) Cdte-d’Or, a department in the east of France, traversed by the hills of C6te-d’Or, and divided betweea the basins of the Seine and of the Saone. Area, 3392 square miles. The population, 381,574 in 1886,, numbered only 361,626 in 1901. Births in 1899, 6362, of which Imports. Exports. Years. 524 were illegitimate ; deaths, 7279 ; marriages, 2389. Dijon, the capital, had in 1896 67,000 inhabitants. In 1896 the schools numbered 1170, with 52,000 pupils, and 1 per cent, of the population £950,000 £1,120,000 1896 was illiterate. Agriculture forms the principal wealth of Cote d’Or. 1,092,000 1,095,000 1897 The area under cultivation in 1896 comprised 2,001,625 acres, 906,000 1,132,000 1898 1,057,628 acres of which were plough-land and 59,306 acres vine827,000 986,000 1899 yards. The wheat produce in 1898 amounted to the value of £1,847,000 ; rye, £86,520 ; barley, £197,920 ; oats, £700,300. Potatoes returned a value of £446,795, and mangold - wurzel In 1899 the coffee exports amounted to the value of £593,000 ; £173,500. The grass lands of all kinds, including the lands growbananas, £236,000; timber and dye-woods, £68,000 ; hides, ing trefoil, lucern, and sainfoin, yielded the value of £809,000, £21,000 ; rubber, £21,000. Of the imports in the same year, while the produce of beetroot amounted to the value of £38,500. 54 per cent, in value were from the United States, 20 per cent, The vineyards returned a value in 1898 of £1,385,200. The livefrom Great Britain, 15 per cent, from Germany; of the exports stock in 1899 included 47,200 horses, 157,420 cattle, 288,480 sheep, of coffee, 55 per cent, went to Great Britain, 26 per cent, to the and 63,810 pigs. The department mines a small quantity of coal, United States, and 15 per cent, to Germany. All the banana and much limestone and marble. The metallurgy registered in exports were to the United States. 1898 4800 metric tons of iron and 11,300 tons of steel, which, with Shipping and Communications.—The trade of the Republic passes the other industries, amounted to the value of £137,000. The through the ports of Limon on the Atlantic, and Puntarenas on distillation of alcohol in 1898 amounted to 352,000 gallons. the Pacific. Limon is visited monthly by 26 steamers providing communication with Europe, the United States, and the West Cdte-du-Nord, a department in the west of Indies, while from 8 to 10 steamers plying on the Pacific coast call France, bordering on the English Channel. monthly at Puntarenas. In 1898, 449 vessels entered the two Area, 2787 square miles, with 48 cantons and 390 communes. ports. In some districts within the Republic there are fairly good cart roads maintained by the Government, which in the year The population decreased from 628,256 in 1886 to 609,349 in 1901. 1896-97 spent more than £15,500 on roads and bridges. The Births in 1899, 16,780, of which 642 were illegitimate ; deaths, railway from Limon to San Josd and Alajuela, belonging partly to 13,571 ; marriages, 4527. There were, in 1896, 982 schools, with the Government but mainly to an English company, has, with its 95,000 pupils. The illiterate, who are strongly represented in this branches, a length of 138 miles, and carried in 1898, 601,198 pas- department, amounted to between 9 and 10 per cent. St Brieuc, sengers and 160,000 tons of goods. The Pacific railway from San the capital, had in 1896 a population of 21,000 ; the sub-prefectures Jose to Tivives, which is being constructed for the Government, is are Dinan, Guingamp, Lannion, and Loudeac. The total area completed to the length of 1*2 miles and partially constructed for under cultivation in 1896 comprised 1,386,311 acres, of which 40 miles, 19 miles being not yet begun. Within the Republic 1,109,542 acres were plough-land. The vine has no place in the there are 83 post offices, through which, in 1898, 4,226,000 pieces statistical returns. The wheat crop yielded in 1899 the value of of mail passed. The telegraph line in 1897 had a length of 917 £1,183,000; rye, £211,000 ; barley, £183,000; buckwheat, miles, and was served by 43 telegraph offices. About 203 miles of £315,400 ; oats, £713,800. The potato crop of 1899 was of the telephone wire connect San Jose with other localities. The nearest value of £613,000, and the natural pastures gave a return of telegraph cable station is at San Juan del Sur, on the Pacific in £908,000. C6tes-du-Nord produced flax to the value, includingboth harl and seed, of £73,000, thus taking the first rank in 1899' Nicaragua. Money and Credit.—Within the Republic there are 2 important among the departments of France in the culture of flax. Ciderbanks, the Anglo-Costa Rican Bank and the Bank of Costa Rica, apples in 1899 produced 206,126 cwts. of the value of £50,000. with capital of 1,200,000 and 2,000,000 pesos respectively. On The live-stock comprised 92,800 horses, 317,000 cattle, 76,300 April 25, 1900, a new law was enacted for the regulation of the sheep, and 148,300 pigs. The department is famed for its horses. constitution, capital, note emission, and metallic reserves of banks. The value of milk products in 1899 was £2,040,000. The mining On October 24, 1896, an Act was passed for the adoption of a gold industry produced in 1898 613 metric tons of iron, and the working coinage, and the execution of this Act was decreed on April 17, in metals 8700, of the value of a little less than £30,000. 1900. The monetary unit is the gold colon weighing ’778 grammes, CotronG, a fortified town and seaport and bishop’s •900 fine, and thus worth about 23d. It will be legally equivalent to the silver peso, which will continue in circulation. The metallic see of Calabria, Italy (province Catanzaro), on the east currency, as stated in the President’s message, consists of 5,000,000 coast, 148 miles north-east from Reggio by rail. There is gold colons and 1,000,000 in silver money, while the circulating a small but good harbour, protected by two moles, with a notes of the Bank of Costa Rica, exchangeable for gold, amount to coasting trade (360 vessels of 74,319 tons cleared in 1897) 3,000,000 colons. The gold coins of the United States, Great in wine, olive oil, fruits, and liquorice. Population (1881), Britain, France, and Germany are legally current. The metric system of weights and measures was introduced by 7689; (1900), 9610. law in 1884, but the old Spanish system is still in use. CottbUS, or Kottbus, a town of Prussia, on the Spree, Authorities.—Bakok, Leopoldo Zarragoitia. Compendia de la Historia de Costa Rica. San Jose, 1894. Compendia geo- 72 miles south-south-east of Berlin by rail. It has four grafico y estadistico de la Republica de Costa Rica. San Jose, 1894. Protestant churches, a Catholic church, and a synagogue, a —Biolley, Paul. Costa Rica und seine Zukunft. Berlin, 1890. gymnasium, a higher grade, a technical, and other special Costa Rica et Son Avenir. Paris, 1889.—Caceres, J. M. Geo- schools. Population (1890), 34,900; (1900), 39,327. grafiade Centro-America. Paris, 1882.—Calvo, J. B. Republica de Costa Rica. San Josd, 1887. The Republic of Costa Rica. Cotton Printing1.—Recent progress in cotton Chicago, 1890.—Maluquer, D. Josh. Republica de Costa Rica. printing has been mainly in the direction of expedition. (Notas bibliograficas.) Madrid, 1890.—Montero Barrantes, This applies to printed cretonne, chintz, velvet, linen, or Francisco. Elementos de Historia de Costa Rica. San Jose, 1892. Geografia de Costa Rica. San Jos6, 1890.—Nieder- whatever the fabric which has in turn come into fashion. lein, Gustavo. The Republic of Costa Rica. Philadelphia, To a great extent machine printing has taken the place 1898.—Obregon, L. M. Nociones de Geografia Patria. San of hand work; the readier process of “steaming,” as it Jose, 1897.—Peralta, Manuel M. de. Costa-Rica, Nicaragua is called, has been adopted in place of first printing in y Panama. Madrid, 1883.—Pittier, H. Apuntaciones sobre el clima y jeografia de la Republica de Costa Rica. San mordants and then dyeing; and the natural vegetable Jose, 1890.—Yillafranca, Richard. Costa Rica. New York, dyes have been superseded by artificial products of the S. HI. - 33

is collected for exportation. The working of the gold and silver mines has been largely discontinued. The minor industries within the Republic comprise a foundry and national workshop, at San Jose, where machinery, farming implements, tools, &c., are manufactured, and a silk and cotton factory, and a few other establishments. The live-stock in 1892 consisted of 345,665 cattle, 77,043 horses, 2765 sheep, and 62,328 swine. Comrnerce.—The imports into Costa Rica are mainly textiles, provisions, iron goods, and live animals ; while coffee, bananas, wood hides, and (recently) rubber are exported. The following have been the values of the imports and exports (the gold peso being taken at 4s.):—