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CORNELIUS —CORNETO

cathedral was completed in 1879. The central tower is came in touch with Liszt, through his uncle’s instrument240 feet high. The Parnell bridge over the south channel ality. At Weimar, whither he went in 1852, he heard of the river was opened in 1882. The Crawford Science Berlioz’s delightful Benvenuto Cellini, a work which and Art Schools were opened in 1885, and stand on the ultimately exercised great influence over him. For the site of the old Custom House. A new Protestant church, time, however, he devoted himself, on Liszt’s advice, to St Luke’s, was erected in 1888. The principal manu- further Church compositions, the influence of the Church factures are distilling, brewing, tanning, chemical manures, on him at that time being so great that he applied, but tweeds, and friezes, and there is an extensive trade in vainly, for a place in a Jesuit college. Still his mind was grain, provisions, and especially butter, the Cork butter bent on the production of a comic opera, but the composition market being the chief centre of the trade in Ireland. was long delayed by the work of translating the prefaces The port is the most important on the south coast of Ire- for Liszt’s symphonic poems and the texts of works by land, the quays extending for over 4 miles, of which more Berlioz and Rubinstein. Between October 1855 and than 2^ are available for shipping. In all 2368 vessels September in the following year, Cornelius wrote the book of 662,086 tons entered in 1899, and 1529 of 402,196 of the Barbier von Bagdad, and on December 15, 1858, the tons cleared. The registered shipping totalled 115 vessels opera was produced at Weimar under Liszt, and hissed off of 21,193 tons. The total foreign and colonial imports the stage. Thereupon Liszt resigned his post, and shortly for the same year, which included 1,138,870 cwts. of afterwards Cornelius went to Vienna and Munich, and wheat and 2,207,700 of maize, amounted to £1,240,304. still later came very much under Wagner’s influence. There are valuable salmon fisheries on the Lee, in which Cornelius’s Cid was completed and produced at Weimar 370 persons were employed in 1899. In 1898 Cork in 1865. For the last nine years of his life (1865-1874) was constituted one of the six county boroughs which Cornelius was occupied with his opera Gunlbd and other have separate county councils. Population (1881), compositions, besides writing ably and abundantly on 80,124; (1891), 75,345, of whom 35,427 were males and Wagner’s music-dramas. In 1867 he became teacher of 39,918 females, divided as follows among the different rhetoric and harmony at the Musik-Schule, Munich, and religions :—Eoman Catholics, 64,561 ; Protestant Epis- married Berthe Jung. He died 26th October 1874. Not copalians, 8620; Presbyterians, 749; Methodists, 867 ; the least of Cornelius’s many claims to fame was his and others, 548. The population in 1901 was 75,978. remarkable versatility. Many of his original poems, as In 1891 there were 22 superior schools, with 1771 pupils well as his translations from the French, rank high. (1346 Roman Catholics and 425 Protestants), and 58 Among his songs, the lovely “ Weihnachtslieder ” are primary schools, with 11,115 pupils (9597 Roman conspicuous; many of the best are unknown in England, Catholics and 1518 Protestants). The percentage of but a great impression has been made in recent years by illiterates among Roman Catholics was 18-0; among his “ Vatergruft,” an unaccompanied vocal work for (R. h. l.) Protestant Episcopalians, 3'2 ; among Presbyterians, 2'8 ; baritone solo and choir. and among Methodists, 2,7. The population of the Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, was parliamentary borough in 1891 was 97,281 and in 1901, founded by Ezra Cornell, and opened in 1868. Beside 99,693, and the registered number of electors in 1900, the founder’s endowment, it received 990,000 acres 13,153. The ratable value of the city in 1900 was of public land, and subsequently gifts from private bene£173,656. (w. h. po.) factors. In 1890 its invested funds amounted to $6,756,370, and its total income to $722,210. Its Cornelius, Carl August Peter (1824- buildings and equipment are valued at $3,242,715, 1874), German musician and poet, son of an actor at exclusive of the Medical College in New York, valued at Wiesbaden, grandson of the well-known engraver Ignaz $1,000,000. Its library contained, in 1900, 238,376 volCornelius, and nephew of Cornelius the painter, was born umes and 38,400 pamphlets; its average annual growth at Mainz, 24th December 1824. In his childhood’s days is 13,000 volumes. The book funds amount to $300,000. his bent was towards languages, though his musical gifts The instructing staff numbers 265, including 32 nonwere carefully cultivated by Scharrer the singer, Panny resident lecturers, beside 94 in the Medical College in New the Hungarian violinist, and Heinrich Esser. Cornelius York City. The total attendance in 1900-1901 (including the elder, anxious for his son to become an actor, himself 83 students in the winter school in Agriculture, and 445 in taught the boy the elements which can be learnt. These the summer session of 1899) numbers 3005. Of these, theatrical studies, however, were interrupted early by a 192 were in the Graduate Department, 744 in the visit paid by Peter Cornelius to England as second violin Academic Department, 176 in the College of Law, 336 in in the Mainz orchestra. On returning home young the Medical College, 179 in the College of Civil EngineerCornelius made his stage debut as John Cook in Kean. ing, 654 in the College of Mechanical Engineering, and 204 But after two more appearances, as the lover in the in the Colleges of Architecture, Agriculture, Veterinary comedy Das War Ich and as Perin in Moreto’s Donna Medicine, and Forestry. Somewhat more than half of the Diana, he practically abandoned the stage for music, his students come from New York State. Free tuition is idea being to become a comic opera composer. In 1843 annually given to 512 state students, and there are 36 his father died. Hitherto Cornelius’s musical studies had university scholarships of $200, each for two years, been unsystematic. Now opportunity served to remedy awarded by competition to freshmen. Seventeen graduate this, for his relative, Cornelius the painter, summoned him scholarships of $200 each, 21 fellowships of $500 each, in 1844 to Berlin, and enabled him a year later to become and 2 of $600 are annually granted to graduate students. a pupil of Dehn, counterpoint and theory generally (See also the articles Universities and Education.) being worked at laboriously. After leaving Dehn, Cornelius (j. g. s*.) proved his independence by writing a trio in A minor, a Corneto Tarquinia, an Italian town in the quartet in C, as well as two comic opera texts. In 1847 he returned to Dehn and immediately composed an province of Rome, 13 miles north from Civitavecchia by enormous mass of music, including a second trio, 30 rail. The church of Santa Maria, in the citadel of the vocal canons, several sonatas, a Mass, a Stabat Mater; Countess Matilda of Tuscany, has recently been restored. he also wrote a number of translations of old French New buildings are the town-hall and municipal museum, poems, which are classics of their kind. In 1852 he first particularly rich in archaeological treasures, many of them