Page:1902 Encyclopædia Britannica - Volume 27 - CHI-ELD.pdf/26

2 special bodies. In addition to institutions with a distinctly scholastic aim, there are libraries, museums, art galleries, and semi-public musical organizations. The free public - school system includes elementary schools,, high schools, and a normal school. The following statistics are for the school year ending 30th June 1900 :—

In 1900 there were 526,013 persons of school age (5 to 20 years).

The cost of the public schools for the year ending 30th June 1900 was $7,096,674. Of this sum $6,295,133 came from taxation and $801,541 from the income on invested funds. In 1898 the private schools had 323 teachers and 7625 pupils, and the parochial and church schools 1301 teachers and 78,989 pupils, exclusive of numerous kindergarten and business schools. There are three universities, situated wholly or in part in Chicago — Lake Forest University, North- Western University, and the University of Chicago. They were founded under Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist auspices respectively. The academic departments of the two former are in the suburbs of Lake Forest and Evanston, the professional departments being in Chicago. Lake Forest, for the year ending June 1900, had 126 students in the college at Lake Forest, 561 in the college of dental surgery, and 364 in the college of law—a total of 1051. North-Western University had an attend- ance, for the year ending June 1900, of 572 students in the college of liberal arts, 42 in the graduate school, 182 in theology, 211 in law, 413 in medicine, 235. in pharmacy, 566 in dentistry, and 292 in music, there being a total of 2358 (excluding repetitions). There were in the same departments 277 professors and instructors. The University of Chicago alluded to in the ninth edition of this work went out of existence in 1886. In 1890 a new institution of the same name (see separate heading below) was incorporated under the laws of Illinois, and was opened on 1st October 1892. Schools of law and medicine include those connected with the North-Western

exposition exhibitors, and many additions have been made since. Besides the libraries of the various institutions of learning, there are a public library and two endowed libraries, the Newberry and the Crerar. The public library has an annual appropriation of about $276,000 from the Common Council, and has 272,000 volumes on its shelves. The Newberry Library, on the north side, possesses an endowment fund of about $2,500,000, and has 230,000 volumes. It is especially rich in Americana. The John Crerar Library has an endowment fund of $3,500,000, an income (for 1900) of $157,285, and 70,406 books. This library is limited to books on science (including the social sciences). The library of the University of Chicago has 337,915 volumes, and that of the Chicago Law Institute (which is accommodated in the Court House) has upwards of 37,000 titles. The Chicago orchestra, mainly supported by voluntary contributions, is devoted to rendering classical music.

Religion and Charity.—There are in Chicago 775 churches, or parishes, representing 36 distinct ecclesiastical organizations. The Baptists have 60 parishes, the Congregationalists 83, the Episcopalians 42, the Lutherans 87, the Methodist Episcopalians 145, the Presbyterians 48, and the Roman Catholics 118. There are also upwards of a hundred missions maintained by the various churches. There are 45 hospitals and several infirmaries and dispensaries in the city. The Cook County Hospital belongs to the county. The others are in the main supported by churches or by private benevolence. Provision is made for indigent patients as well as for those who are able to pay for treatment. There are 55 asylums and homes for the destitute, for orphans, for the aged, the erring, for those afflicted with incurable disease, for the friendless, and the like. Of these the Cook County Insane Asylum and the Cook County Poor House belong to the public. The rest, like the hospitals, are supported by churches or by private benevolence. Chicago has its full share of temporary distress, of habitual mendicancy, of economic inefficiency, of vicious poverty. The city is, and Lake Forest Universities, the Bush Medical College however, well equipped with the customary institutions (affiliated with the University of Chicago), the College of for dealing with such cases. Moreover, to prevent the Physicians and Surgeons (the medical department of the overlapping of charitable work, and also as a precaution University of Illinois), and several which are independent. Theological schools, besides those of the universities, are the M'cormick Theological Seminary (Presbyterian), the Chicago Theological Seminary (Congregational), the Western Episcopal Theological Seminary, the German Lutheran Theological Seminary, and some others. The Lewis Institute, on the west side, and the Armour Institute of Technology, on the south side, both largely endowed, provide education in which technical instruction is promi- nent. The Chicago Institute, founded and endowed by Mrs Anita M'Cormick Blaine as an independent school for the training of teachers, is now a part of the University of Chicago. The Chicago Art Institute conducts an art maintains a collection of pictures, reproductions of sculpture and bronzes, and original Egyptian antiquities. The library, consisting of over 2000 volumes and 16,000 photographs, is used in connexion both with the school and with the museum. The building, which stands on the Lake Front Park and is the property of the city, cost a little over $700,000. Of this sum head, valued at $233,711,180, and the shipments were $200,000 was paid by the World’s Columbian Exposition, 13,006,532

and the rest by the institute and by gifts from its friends. The art school had 1904 students in 1899-1900. The collection of pictures contains excellent examples of the works of old and modern masters. The Field Columbian Museum occupies the building in Jackson Park which was the art gallery of the Columbian Exposition of 1893. The nucleus of the collection was in large gifts from

against fraud, there has been organized since the World’s Fair the bureau of charities. For this purpose the city is divided into districts, in each of which there is a local organization, under the general direction of a central committee. All cases are registered, new cases being examined in detail. Nearly 50,000 family records are on file in the bureau registration. During 1899, 11,2/4 applications were made for the services of the bureau. About 25 per cent, of these were sent to the bureau for investigation by co-operating agencies.

Commerce and Industry.—Chicago is a centre of manu facturing and commerce on the largest scale. Among the leading industries may be enumerated meat-packing, agri cultural implements, railroad cars, printing, electrical apparatus, brewing, bicycles, pianos, mill machinery, and shipbuilding. Chicago is the greatest grain market in the world. Some idea of the extent of the industries of the city may be obtained from the following statistics for 1899. The receipts of live stock amounted to 14,623,435 head. There were also shipped during the same

schoof and