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COM E T S

coverer is often added as 1895 C (Perrino). Comets are definitely designated as 1899 L, 1899 II., 1899 III., &c., the numerals I., II., III., &c., indicating the order in which the various comets of the year pass their perihelion points (comet 1895 C = comet 1895 IV.). Periodic comets are also often called by the name of their discoverers, as Winnecke’s comet ( = 1892 IV., or 1886 VI.); or, again, the name of the first discoverer is sometimes replaced by the name of an astronomer who has made extended calculations upon the comet’s orbit. Comet 1819 IV. is no longer Pons’s comet, but Encke’s, for this reason.

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 f36 [37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 f46 147 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

In the following table the first column contains a current number for reference; the second, the date A.n. (new style after 1580), in Paris mean time, and the number of the comet in its year, as L, II., &c. ; the third, the argument of perihelion or, tt - Q, where tt = longitude of perihelion; the fourth, longitude of the ascending node of the comet’s orbit, O ; the fifth, the inclination of the orbit; the sixth, the perihelion distance of the comet in terms of the earth’s mean distance = 1'000 ; the seventh, the comet’s semi-major axis; the eighth, the periodic time in years; the ninth, the eccentricity ; and the tenth, the name by which the comet is commonly known. The data in this form record every appearance of known periodic comets, whose periods are less than one hundred years. The data for Nos. 1-111 are from Winlock’s Tables in Publ. Ast. Soc. Pac. vol. viii. p. 141 ; the data for Nos. 112-122 have been furnished by C. D. Perrine.

Table of the Approximate Elements at each Return of all known Periodic Comets whose Periods are less than One Hundred Years. PeriLongiSemiEccentude Inclina- helion Major Time of Perihelion Period. tricity. DisComet of Ascending tion. Passage. Axis. tance. Node. U (1 <2 A.D. O.S. Halley. 1378, Nov. 8-8 107-8 47-3 162-1 0-583 0-968 4 104-8 1456, June 8'2 43-8 162- 0-580 17-97 75-0 0-967 0 104-3 1531, Aug. 25'8 45-5 163- 0-580 17-79 75-0 750-967 107-0 1607, Oct. 26-7 487 162-8 0-588 172-9 1-145 3-070 5-38 0-627 Lahire. 1678, Aug. 18-3 159-5 163-3 77-5 0-968 Halley. 1682, Sept. 14-8 10951-2 162-3 0-583 183 673 0721 Grischow. 67 1- 0-862 3-10 9 86-9 1743 L, Jan. 8'2 Halley. 18-09 760-968 11053-8 162-4 0-585 6 1759 L, Mar. 12'6 Helfenzrieder. 25-025 0-864 8-0 0-399 177-0 74-2 1766 II., April 27'0 5-626 0786 Messier. 1-6 0-674 3224-3 132-0 1770 L, Aug. 13-5 0-986 3-58 677 0725 Biela. 177 213-0 257-3 1772, Feb. 16'7 0-552 Pigott. 45-1 1759 3-260 5354-6 1783, Nov. 19-9 557 182-5 334-1 13-6 0-335 2-208 3-281 0-848 Encke. 1786 L, Jan. 30‘9 54-1 1-044 578 13-90 0-819 Tuttle. 207-1 268-6 1790 II., Jan. 30'9 182-0 3347 137 0-334 2-213 3-292 0-849 Encke. 1795, Dec. 21'4 3-292 0-846 13-6 0-340 2182334-3 5 1805, Nov. 21-5 0746 Biela. 6218-2 251-3 13-6 0-907 31806 I., Jan. 2’0 730-956 Pons.3 19974-0 0777 17-5 253-0 1812, Sept. 15-3 0-931 Gibers. 44-5 1-213 17-63 7465-6 83-5 1815, April 26'0 30-849 Encke. 13-6 0-335 21827 334-6 1819 I., Jan. 28'0 50755 Winnecke. 113-2 161107 0774 35 1819 III., July 18 9 0-687 Blanpain. 9-0 0-893 2-849 4350-1 77-2 1819 IV., Nov. 20-3 13-3 0-346 2-224 3-318 0-845 Encke. 182-8 3347 1822 II., May 24'0 3-315 0-845 137 0-345 2182-8 334-5 JJ 1825 III., Sept. 16-3 6720 0747 Biela. 13-6 0-903 3218-3 251-5 1826 I., Mar. 18’4 3-316 0-845 Encke. 13-3 0-346 2182-8 334-5 1829 Jan. 97 137 0-343 2-222 3-312 0-845 182-8 334-5 99 1832 L, May 4-0 60751 Biela. 13-2 0-879 3221-8 248-3 1832 III., Nov. 26-1 137 0 -344 2-223 3-314 0-845 Encke. 182-8 334-6 1835 II., Aug. 26-4 55-2 162-2 0-587 17-99 76-29 0-967 Halley. 110-6 1835 III., Nov. 15-9 137 0-344 2-222 3-313 0-845 Encke. 182-8 334-6 1838, Dec. 19-0 3-314 0-845 13-3 0-345 2182-8 334-7 99 1842 I., April 12-0 7742 0-556 Faye. 117 1-693 32007 209-5 1843 III., Oct. 17-1 De Vico. 5759 3-100 0-617 1-186 29 63-8 2787 1844 I., Sept. 2’5 13-1 0-338 2-216 3-300 0-847 Encke. 1837 334-3 1845 IV., Aug. 9-6 Biela (A).

6-603 3-520 0-757 0-856 12-6 245-9 223-1 1846 II., Feb. 11'0 12-6 0-856 3-519 6-601 0-757 Biela (B)./ 223-1 245-9 1846 II., Feb. 117 0793 Brorsen. 30-9 0-650 3742 5138 1027 1846 III., Feb. 257 0-963 De Vico. 85-1 0-664 17-90 757 77-6 12-9 1846 IV., Mar. 5-6 30-7 1-529 5-635 13-38 0-729 C. H. F. Peters. 339-6 2607 1846 VI., June 17 0-974 Brorsen. 81-1 19-1 0788 187 129-3 309-8 1847 V., Sept. 9-5 3-296 0-848 Encke. 13-1 0-337 21837 3347 1848 II., Nov. 267 7762 0-555 Faye.2 117 1700 3200209-5 1851 I., April 1-9 0-659 D’Arrest. 13-9 1-173 3744 6174-5 1487 1851 II., July 87 3-297 0-848 Encke. 13-1 0-337 23347 1852 L, March 147 1835 6-621 0756 Biela (A). 12-6 0-861 31852 III., Sept. 237 223-3 245-9 12-6 0-861 3-525 6-619 0756 Biela (B)./ 1852 III., Sept. 237 223-3 245-9 0-919 Westphal. 40-9 1-250 1574 607 577 346-2 1852 IV., Oct. 12-8 3-295 0-848 Encke. 13-1 0-337 21837 3347 1855 III., July 1‘2 0-802 Brorsen. 529-8 0-621 314101-8 0 1857 II., March 29'3 0-660 D’Arrest. 13-9 1-170 3740 61857 VII., Nov. 28-2 174-6 148-5 13 74 0-821 Tuttle. 547 1-025 5736 206-8 269-1 1858 L, Feb. 23-5 10-8 0769 3-317 5 "555 0-755 Winnecke. 162113-5 1 1858 II., May 2'0 •609 0-674 Tuttle. 19-5 1-149 3-523 257 175-1 1858 III., May 3‘0 0-556 Faye. •445 3-813 200-2 2097 117 1-694 1858 V., Sept. 12-9 •304 0-846 Encke. 13-1 0-341 2-218 1858 VIII., Oct. 187 183-5 334-5 •302 0-847 13-1 0-340 2183-5 334-5 1862 I., Feb. 6-3 •304 0-846 13-1 0-341 2-218 183-5 334-5 1865 II., May 27‘9 171-0 231-4 1627 0-977 10-32 33-18 0-905 Tempel. 1866 I., Jan. 117 7713 0-558 Faye. 11-4 1-682 3200-2 2097 1866 II., Feb. 14'0