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BREDA — BREMEN

The following table gives particulars regarding the live stock of the raw products of the United States. The growlh .of the commerce of the port of Bremen-Bremerhaven is illusfor the same years :— trated by the following statistics :—The value of the total ' Cows or Heifers Total Total or in i Sheep. | Pigs. imports (both sea-borne and by river and rail) increased Year. Horses. Cattle. ii in Milk Calf. from £22,721,700 in 1883 to £44,657,100 in 1899; the 381 *11 7421 13,576 imports from the Lnited States, from £9,155,000 in 1883 1880 11,182 35,668 15,554 386,717 9423 1885 12,235 39,736 to £15,099,800 in 1899 ; but from Great Britain they 15,473 448,877 9723 1890 12,418 38,812 decreased from £3,040,000 in 1883 to £1,357,000 in 456,069 9813 15,117 1895 12,785 40,014 1894, though they rose again to £3,053,400 in 1899. 15,782 489,417 8232 1900 12,065 41,920 The countries, in addition to those already named, from Industries and Trade.—According to the report for 1898 of the which imports principally come are Germany, Russia, the chief inspector of factories (1900), the total number of persons republics of South America, the Far East, and Australia. employed in textile and non-textile factories and workshops in The exports amounted in value to a total of £26,096,500 1897 was 1073 as compared with 995 in 1896. Non-textile in 1883, a sum wrhich reached £43,043,700 in 1899. Ihe factories claim the large majority, and workshops nearly all the remainder. The number of persons employed in the mining exports to the United States increased from £3,985,000 industry in 1899 was 1968. The most valuable mineral is coal in 1883 to £6,639,200 in 1897, but in 1899 dropped to (chiefly anthracite). The following table gives particulars of the £3 849,200. The exports to Great Britain amounted to output ill 1890 and 1899 :— £1,020,000 in 1883, and to £2,621,000 in 1899. As 1890. 1899. regards the shipping, the number of vessels which entered Tonnage . . 259,260 383,465 Value. . • £109,563 £142,930 the ports of the free state (i.e., Bremen city, Bremerhaven, Much valuable limestone is also obtained ; 300,151 tons, valued and Vegesack) increased from 2869 of 1,258,529 aggreat £41,892, being raised in 1899. In the same year 25,919 tons ol gate tonnage, in 1883, to 4642 of 2,464,800 tons in 1898 , gravel and sand were raised, and 75,413 tons ol sandstone. at Bremen-Bremerhaven there arrived 4128 vessels of Authorities.—Jones. History of the County of Brecknock, 2,406,748 tons in 1899. In addition, 1557 vessels of 2 vols. Brecknock, 1805-1809.—Poole. Illustrated History of 375,300 tons arrived, belonging to the inland (river) naviBrecknockshire, 1886.—Kilneii. Four Welsh Counties. London, gation, in 1898. The arrivals under the British flag at 1891. See also the Guides to South Wales. (T. F. H.) the free state ports increased from 389 of 514,310 tons Breda, a town and railway station (1886) in the in 1892, to 407 of 661,149 tons in 1899. At the end of province of North Brabant, Netherlands, 30 miles 1883 the mercantile fleet of Bremen (state) consisted of N.N.E. of Antwerp, situated on the Mark, at its junction 356 sea-going vessels, aggregating 307,559 tons, 99 of these, with the Aa, where the river becomes navigable. There measuring 89,046 tons, being steamships. By 1899 this is connexion by steam tram with Antwerp. The fleet had increased to 536 vessels of 566,688 tons. Out of mausoleums (ascribed to Michael Angelo) of Lngelbei t this total 380 vessels of 475,763 tons, or 83 9 per cent, of and Henry of Nassau in the Protestant church are the total tonnage, belonged to the city of Bremen, which is highly interesting. The fortress has been dismantled. indeed the seat of some of the more important of the Population, 26,097. German shipping companies, especially of the North Bredow, a village of Prussia, in the province of German Lloyd (founded in 1856), which at the end of Pomerania, immediately N. of Stettin, of which it virtually 1898 possessed a fleet of 73 steamboats of 266,138 tons, forms a suburb. Here are the famous Vulcan iron-works besides over 100 lighters and similar craft. Bremen and shipbuilding yards (where the Deutschland and the shares with Hamburg the position of being one of the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, which broke the Atlantic two chief emigration ports of Germany. There are record were built), and also sugar, cement, and other three docks, all to the north-west of the city namely, the free harbour (which was opened in 1888), the winter factories. Population (1885), 12,715; (1900), 19,992. harbour, and the timber and industrial harbour; but it Bregentz, or Bhegenz, chief town of the district has been decided to make a newr basin, 7200 feet long, of the same name in Vorarlberg, Austria, as also of that below the present docks, with a separate basin for ships crown-land. It is a port on Lake Constance and a station to turn in; also, the area of the timber dock is to be on the Austrian state railway. In 1890 the population of enlarged. Shipbuilding yards, jute - mills, floui - mills, the district was 41,824, all German and (with the excep- and oil-mills exist on a large scale. A thorough tion of 420 Protestants) Catholic; in 1900, 46,216. restoration of the cathedral was begun in 1888, and a Population of town (1869), 3686; (1890), 6739; new towrer was added in 1898-99. The church of Our (1900), 7595. It has a garrison of 519 men. Numerous Lady, dating from the 12th and 13th centuries, was Homan antiquities have been placed in the provincial restored in 1893, and the 12th-century Romanesque museum. The town has acquired considerable importance church of St Stephen in 1891. The most important and through the railway and a steamship seivice on the lake, most imposing amongst the new architectural additions to which" has promoted the trade in corn, cattle, timber, the city are the post office (1878); the law courts^ (1891animal products, &c. The principal industries are cotton 95), a German Renaissance building ; the German National spinning and weaving, the manufacture of silk, articles Bank (1896); the Municipal Museum for Natural Science, of jewellery, woodwork, and hardware. Ethnology, and Commerce (1896), with several collec1 Bremen, a city of Germany, capital of the free state tions ; and the city library, of about 15,000 vols., of Bremen, on both banks of the Weser, 46 miles from the erected in the Dutch Renaissance style in 189o-96. North Sea and 71 miles by rail S.W. of Hamburg. The principal ornamental memorials and useful instituBy the completion of engineering works on the Weser m tions embrace a gigantic “Roland” statue, symbolical 1887-99, at a total cost of £1,700,000, whereby the river of the city’s authority; the Willehad fountain (1883); has, amongst other improvements, been straightened and the monument of the 1870-71 war (1875); the Centaur deepened to 18 feet, large ocean-going vessels are now able fountain (1891); an equestrian statue of the Emperor to steam right up to the city itself. It has excellent railway William I. (1893) ; the Art Exhibition; and an industrial connexions with the chief industrial districts of Germany. art museum. It is a peculiarity of the domestic accomIts trade, however, like that of Hamburg, is predominantly modation of Bremen that the majority of the houses a transit trade ; especially is it important as the importer unlike the custom in other German towns, are inhabited