Page:1902 Encyclopædia Britannica - Volume 26 - AUS-CHI.pdf/185

 barracks 157 isolated plots of ground, where it is lightly buried in a series of adjunct of every barrack. Transport lines or standings for pack 1 shallow trenches. In the ‘ trench system, which is commonly animals are also necessary where the latter are kept regimentally. used by natives and in camp, the latrines themselves are on the stations or convalescent depots the scale of accommodadisposal ground, and consist of light screens which are daily shifted tionIn.ishill somewhat reduced, the individual allowance being 60 square over the trenches, the ground in either system being subsequently feet and. 600 cubic feet. The type buildings are light permanent cultivated. Incineration is also sometimes used. Waste water huts designed in bays, capable of being combined in any numbers, from cook-houses and baths is carried in channels to, or poured with or without verandahs, closed or open. from receptacles over, patches of grass or neighbouring gardens. Native barracks are, except in special cases, built by the sepoys Although readily open to inspection, and well suited to a country materials provided by themselves, as in the cavalry, or as in where space is often unlimited, these operations require the most With le infantry, out of a hutting allowance granted by Government, rigid regimental supervision ; and the necessary precautions to the buildings, when completed, becoming in the former case the this end, together with the proper sanitary policing of all native of the men, and in the latter that of Government. The lines and bazars, are among the most important safeguards of the property forms of construction are, owing to the native mode of life, essenhealth of the army in India. simple, and vary slightly in different parts of the country. While pipe systems for water supply are now being generally tially Quarters for married non-commissioned officers and men consist of introduced, the older method of direct carriage from wells or lines of huts 12 feet to 14 feet high, slightly raised off the ground, reservoirs by hand, bullock, or cart is still practised. Special care and divided into separate single rooms, about 12 feet by 10 feet is taken to ensure a pure as well as a plentiful supply in the with .verandahs, bath-rooms, and court-yards, whereby privacy immediate neighbourhood of every barrack. individual responsibility for cleanliness and protection of Sites for barrack and hospital buildings, being more extensive, and are ensured. For unmarried men, continuous huts or allow greater dispersion and consequently freer circulation of air property . pendafs, with non-commissioned officers’ rooms, are provided among buildings than is either necessary or possible at home; giving a minimum of 60 square feet and 810 cubic feet per man in parade and cricket grounds and soldiers’ gardens are easily pro- the plains, and 45 square feet and 400 cubic feet in the hills In vided, and tree planting is general. For British troops double- some cases two single men are allotted to a married man’s quarter. storeyed barrack blocks, with sleeping rooms above and day-rooms .Native officers have separate establishments similar to the married and othei regimental accessories below, were very generally intro- men s quarters, but with a varying number of rooms and proportion duced after 1859. Single-storeyed barracks, while more convenient of servants huts and outhouses, to rank. The remaining are, however, found to be equally sanitary if sufficiently raised accessories of a native barrack, according which are provided and built by from the ground, and are now the ruling type. Each standard block Government, are on the same simple scale, no permanent latrines (for half-company, half-troop, etc.) consists of two dormitories 20 cook-houses for married men, ablution-rooms, mess- or recreationfeet high, giving 90 square feet and 1800 cubic feet per man (this rooms being required, and no furniture, &c., beum provided. allowance was frequently given before 1859), with central mess-room Native cavalry have open standings for their horses (which are affording 80 square feet per man, and a sergeants’ quarter of two their own property) adjoining their quarters, and sheds for camels rooms and bath-room at either end. A store for each barrack room and saddle-rooms are provided. In the native mountain artilleryJ is provided m the verandahs, which are 12 feet in width. Detached stables are generally built for the mules. lavatories which are provided at the rate of one to each two and messes for European officers are occasionally provided barrack blocks, contain fixed basins at 20 per cent, and private byQuarters Government at reasonable rents, according to rank ; but more ablution-rooms at 8 per cent., water being laid on from outside often officers make their own arrangements for hiring, their pay e lu e nhalf-battalion. / lar?Cook-houses also generally to every TTri11^ ^n^e.^ded> except in special cases, to cover either contingency. 1 P ng -bath areisarranged in blockssupplied for 2 companies^ Where neither of these courses is possible Government occasionally and have each 2 kitchens, 2 cooking places, and 2 cooks’ rooms’ advances the necessary money for building at a moderate rate of generally em lo ed tlm simplest8 ^ P y > and the apparatus is of interest. for British troops are allotted on the station system, Married quarters are of six classes, three for sergeants, varying itieHospitals typical ward block consists of a single-storeyed building in the with rank, and three for men, varying with size of families, as style of a half-company barrack, and containing, besides the necesfollows: Sergeants quarters.—Class A, 1 sitting- and 2 bed- sary ward , ends.?’ °neThe attendants’and one withcent, bath-rooms, &c., rooms ; class B, 1 sitting- and 1 bed-room; class C, do. (smaller) at the beds, reckoned atday-room, 10 to 12 per of garrison Mm s quarters.—Glass 3, 1 sitting- and 1 bed-room; class 2, do. are allowed 120 square feet and 2400 cubic feet in ordinary wards (smaller); class 1 1 bed-sitting-room. There is a bath-room in 50 SC1U eet aUd 3000 u bic feet in the verandah m all cases. Although the married establishments bffick T, T ? L officers’ wards, separate isolation blocks These latter, are provided at +/ m common with in India are liberal viz., 100 per cent, for sergeants and 4 per special stations only. A women’s and children’s ward with a cent, for rank and file—it is found in practice that these figures are matron s quarter to every ten beds, is usually an adjunct of every never worked up to; and the percentage of married quarters hospital, the beds being calculated at '8 per cent, of the men in actually provided is as follows for the different arms •garrison. Wards for followers, for severe cases or accidents, at fixed proportions for different units, are built and kept up by Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. the departments concerned. The remaining hospital buildings Sergeants. 36 40 56 comprise quarters for lady nurses and medical subordinates, Rank and file 1-25 3 4 ^t,h.i0Ufth')uses1fd tables; lines for hospital servants, an Warrant officers’ quarters consist of 1 large sitting-, 2 bed- and 2 administration block, with stores, cow-shed, ambulance-shed lamp-room, guard-room, mortuary, disinfector and latrines, ablutionDath-rooms, besides cook-house and outside latrine. rooms and laundry. In the hills provisions are similar, but some, r-b? institute contains a liquor bar (now invariably in a separate what ciirtailed, the allowance per bed being 102 square feet. building), a library, and a recreation and refreshment portion th e case of corresponding to the English canteen and recreation establish. native troops, although the station hospital 13 appr< ed new ments, but on a slightly more lavish scale. The remaining T . barracks, existing hospitals are chiefly regimental The mam building,thewhich follows generally 1 accessories are also more liberal, notably in the case of the the lines of the ward block for British troops, includes the wards) voluntary shops, which include tinsmith’s, printing, painting, ookbinding, and watchmaking shops. Furniture stores in charge giving. 60 square feet and 810 cubic feet per bed, as well as the ot the royal engineers, who make the furniture, are an extra • administration offices stores, and bath-rooms. The cookhouses, vnilst laundries are never found except in hospitals, owing to the latrines, washing-well, mortuary, and quarters are provided separately Hut wards for contagious diseases, giving 110 square general adoption of the native outdoor system of washino-. btables for mounted branches consist of long double rows of stalls feet and 1800 cubic feet per man, are also provided when required. , A though the standard types for barracks and hospitals are JA teet by 7 feet, in which the horses are picketed, facing inwards to a central passage ; the construction is light, and mangers are essentially adhered to, climatic conditions and local resources dispensed with. The floors are normally of earth, periodically govern the materials used to a certain extent. Periodical repairs renewed, or of more permanent material if readily available. Open are more frequent than in the United Kingdom. Walls are terraces for use of horses in temperate weather are often built usually of burnt brick, built hollow, or of solid sun-dried bricks regunentally. Separate harness-rooms, stores, and night picquet or stone. Raised plinths are commonly filled in, but are someimes arched. Roofs are either flat, or single- or double-tiled, or a e f elude ^ 'rooms r invariably provided. Infirmaryare stables generally a casting shed. Closed riding-schools unusual, and occasionafiy of corrugated or plain sheet iron at hill stations— tne open maneges are fewer than in the United Kingdom. All thatched roofs nowadays being forbidden, except in the case of unimportant outhouses, on account of the danger from fire. 0 r in ™-- corpshorses are allowed dummy waggons and trucks for practice Verandahs, which are a necessary accompaniment of every mentmmng and guns. inhabited building, may be double or single, clerestory windows th e USU al tation • . 1? buildings, a reading-room for religious eing usually provided above them. Fireplaces are provided where Schc)o1 rate accommodation is at the required designed without projections, so that they can be filled iadults aiLines Td 64 children pernative battalion, as compared with 84 in and the wall space utilized if necessary. Fuel, when required and flo f>0 atr home. or huts for followers are a necessary is issued according to a fixed scale. Cooling devices in the plains