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 ARCHAEOLOGY himself to have discovered at Dresden copies of the Lemnian Athena, one of the most noted of the works of Phidias. The reasons for the identification are set forth in his Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture. In the same work and the later Intermezzi will be found very ingenious

Fig. 29.—Bronze Charioteer : Delphi. Memoires, Plot, 1897, 16. attempts to reconstruct and to explain the pediments of the Parthenon. But safer guides for the restoration of the wonderful sculptural decoration of the noblest of Greek temples will be found in Dr Sauer’s careful researches into the evidence to be won on the spot from the existing backgrounds and bases of the pediments, from which one may judge of the positions and attitudes of some of the figures. And the finding of the head of Hebe in the Parthenon frieze is a most fortunate event, as giving us a well-preserved girl’s head of the Phidian school. To our knowledge of the art of Polycleitus many additions have been made. Among the bases discovered at Olympia, whence the statues had been removed, Poly= cleitus. are three or four which bear the name of Polycleitus, and the definite evidence furnished by these bases as to the position of the feet of the statues which they once bore has enabled archaeologists, especially Prof. Furtwangler, to identify copies of those statues among known works. Also newly discovered copies of Polycleitan works have made their appearance. At Delos there has been found a copy of the celebrated Diadumenus, which is of much finer work than the well-known statue in the British Museum from Vaison. The museum of Boston has secured a very beautiful statue of a young Hermes, who but for the wings on the temples might pass as a boy athlete of Polycleitan style (Fig. 31). In fact, Fig. 30.—Statuette of Athena Parthenos. instead of relying as regards the manner of Polycleitus on Roman copies of the

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Doryphorus and Diadumenus, we have quite a gallery of athletes, boys and men, who all claim relationship, nearer or more remote, to the school of the great Argive master. It might have been hoped that the recent excavations, made under the leadership of Prof. Waldstein at the Argive Herseum, would have enlightened us as to the style of Polycleitus. Just as the sculptures of the Parthenon are the best monument of Phidias, so it might seem likely that the sculptural decoration of the great temple which contained the Hera of Polycleitus would show us at large how his school worked in marble. Unfortunately the fragments of sculpture from the Herseum are few. The most remarkable is a female head, which may perhaps come from a pediment (Fig. 32). But Fig. 31.—Torso of young Hermes : Boston. archaeologists are not in agreement whether it is in style Polycleitan, or whether it rather resembles in style Attic works. Other heads and some highly-finished fragments of bodies come apparently from the metopes of the same temple. (See also under Argos.) The selies of known Lycian tombs, most of which were secured by Sir Charles Fellows for the British Museum, has been enriched through the acquisition by the museum of Vienna of the sculptured friezes yc,a' which adorned a heroon near Gyeul Bashi. In the midst

Fig. 32.—Female head : Herseum. of the enclosure was a tomb, and the walls of the enclosure itself were adorned within and without with a great series of reliefs, mostly of mythologic purport. Many subjects which but rarely occur in early Greek art, the siege of Troy, the adventure of the Seven against Thebes, the carrying off of the daughters of Leucippus, Ulysses shooting down the Suitors, are here represented in detail. Prof. Benndorf, who has published these sculptures in an admirj able volume, is disposed to see in them the influence of
 * the Thasian painter Polygnotus. Any one can see their