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ANCHOR — ANCHOVY

—a sliank, a fast fluke, and a loose one ; the fast fluke has a square end cast on the neck, and is passed through the shank, and the loose one is riveted and pinned on to the square end; a deep vertical rib or flange is cast at the back of the flukes, and together with the stops on the shank, serves to tilt the flukes at an angle for taking the ground. To stow an anchor m a modern

additional chains are employed for securing at sea. For right ahead fire and for sea, the cat davit hinged (Fig. 5, B) is stowed in position indicated by the dotted line (Fig. 5, C). Ground and catting chains are being superseded in some ships by a wire pendant and cat hook, the anchor being hove close up to the hawse pipe. To avoid cutting away a portion of the forecastle, anchors are stowed a Cock Bill (Fig. 6), the crowns resting on iron shoes secured to the ship’s side, the flukes being fore and aft; the cat-heads are short. To let go, the securing chains are cleared away, except the shank painters, which are freed by the rod A, actuated by the lever B; additional securing chains and bolts (BE and EE) are used foi sea. A difficulty is experienced in stowing the anchor when pitching or rolling heavily. Fig. 7 illustrates an anchor

Fig. 7. Anchor Crane. man-of-war it is hove up close to the forefoot, and the inner end of a ground chain which is stopped and secured to the cable will be inside the hawse pipe, whilst its outer end is secured to a balancing (gravity) band, consisting of an iron strap and shackle on the shank of the anchor. Before weighing, the outer end of the catting chain is rove through an iron leading block on the cat davit, and the iron swivel block (Fig. 5, AA) at the cat-

Fig. 6.—Anchor stowed a Cock Bill. head, and taken in through the hawse pipe; when the inner end of the ground chain is sufficiently inboard, the ground and catting chains are joined and the latter brought to the capstan, and the anchor hoisted up horizontally and placed by the cat davit, which pivots at its base (Fig. 5, B) on the bill-board, and secured by chains ; an end of each chain passing over a rod with lever for letting go;

with cat davit or anchor crane used in the F. & O. S. FE Company steamers (“ India class 8000 tons ”) ; for sea the anchor is stowed inboard by the anchor crane. The equipment of anchors for this class is : bowers—two Bodger s box stocked 58 cwt. and two Hall’s stockless 66 cwt.; stream —one Hall’s 28 cwt.; kedges—one Martin, 13| cwt., two Martin, 8 cwt., and one Martin, 6 cwt. Stern, stream, and kedge anchors are usually stowed by special davits. A portable anchor suitable for small yachts is the invention of Mr Louis Moore; the shank passes through the crown of the anchor like the handle of a pickaxe, and the stock over the head of the shank; at the end of the stock are loose pawls; there are no keys or bolts, and the only fastening is for the cable; the anchor takes to pieces readily and stows snugly. In 1890 Colonel Bucknell also invented a portable anchor for small yachts. Iron buoy sinkers (Fig. 8) used by the Trinity House Corporation are from 8 to 40 cwt.; the specified weight is cast on them g_—iron Buoy Sinker, in large raised figures; the cast and wrought iron used is of special quality; samples are previously submitted to the engineer-in-chief. The tests for anchors supplied toH.M. ships are in tons proportionate to their weights in cwts.; new ancnors are supplied by contractors, but repairs afterwards are made in H.M. dockyards, and by stamping a record is kept on the anchor of its repairs. In “ Anchors and Cables Act, 1899,” a list is given of authorized testing establishments, with their distinctive marks and charges, and testing houses for foreign-owned vessels are in table 22 of Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping.' Cast-steel anchors, in addition to the statutory tests, are subjected to percussive, hammering, and bending tests, and are stamped “annealed steel.” (J* w- n.) Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus), a fish of the herring family, easily distinguished by its deeply cleft mouth, the angle of the gape being behind the eyes. The pointed snout extends beyond the lower jaw. The fish