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 ALIPUR — A LLAHABAD students, and meets with strong support from the enlightened portion of the Mussulman community, whose aim is to raise it to the status of a university, with the power of conferring degrees. Pojjulation (1881), 61,730; (1891), 61,485; (1901), 70,127, showing an increase of 14 per cent; the municipal income in 1897-98 was Rs.63,923; the death-rate in 1897 was 40 per thousand. There are three flour-mills, several cotton-presses, and a dairy farm. The district of Aligarh is traversed by several railways, and also by the Ganges Canal, which is navigable. The chief trading centre is Hathras. Area, 1952 square miles; population (1891), 1,043,172, being 534 persons per square mile ; (1901), 1,203,047, showing an increase of 15 per cent., due to the extension of irrigation. The land revenue and rates are Rs.25,97,223, the incidence of assessment being R.. 1:11: 4 per acre ; the cultivated area in 1896-97 was 889,182 acres, of which 526,667 were irrigated from wells, &c.; the number of police was 2954; there are 78 vernacular schools, with 6979 pupils; the registered death-rate in 1897 was 34 per thousand. There are 12 factories for ginning and pressing cotton, and 182 indigo factories, with an out-turn which is valued at Rs.6,88,000. All pur. See Calcutta. Alirajpur, a native state of India, under the Bhopawar agency. It lies in Malwa, near the frontier of Bombay. It has an area of 837 square miles; and a population (1891) of 70,091, being 84 persons per square mile. The country is hilly, and many of the inhabitants are aboriginal Bhils. It has from time to time been under British administration. The chief, whose title is Rana, is a Rahtor Rajput. He has an estimated revenue of Rs. 130,633, and pays a tribute of Rs. 11,000. The town of Alirajpur is situated in 22° 11' N. lat. and 74° 24' E. long. The Victoria bridge was built to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of 1897. Alison, Sir Archibald, Bart. (1826 ), G.C.B., British general and colonel of the Seaforth Highlanders, eldest son of the first baronet, the well-known historian, was born at Edinburgh, on 21st January 1826. Educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities, he entered the 72nd Highlanders as ensign in 1846. He was promoted captain in 1853, and served in the Crimean campaign at the siege of Sebastopol (medal with clasp, Turkish medal, brevet majority). During the Indian Mutiny he was military secretary to Sir Colin Campbell, commander-in-chief, and was severely wounded at the relief of Lucknow, losing an arm (medal with clasp, brevet lieut.-colcnelcy, C.B.). From 1862 to 1873 he served on the staff as an assistant adjutant-general at headquarters, Portsmouth, and Aldershot. He commanded the European brigade, and was second in command of the Ashanti Expedition 1873-74, distinguishing himself at the battle of Amoaful, capture of Bequah, action of Ordahsu, and capture of Kumassi (medal with clasp, thanks of parliament, and K.C.B.). For three years Alison was deputy adjutant-general on the headquarters staff in Ireland and then, for a few months, commandant of the Staff College. He was promoted to be major-general in 1877, and from 1878 to 1882 was head of the intelligence branch of the War Office. He commanded the troops at Alexandria in 1882 until the arrival of Sir Garnet Wolseley, commanded the Highland Brigade at the battle of Tel-el-Kebir in the Egyptian campaign, and remained in command of the army of occupation of Egypt until 1883 (medal with clasp, bronze star, second class Osmanieh, thanks of parliament, and promoted lieut.general for distinguished service). He commanded the Aldershot division from 1883 to 1888, was for some

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months adjutant - general to the forces during Lord Wolseley’s absence in Egypt, was made G.C.B. in 1887, and was promoted general and became a*military member of the Council of India in 1889. Aliu-amba. See Abyssinia. Aliwal, a village of British India, in the Ludhiana district of the Punjab, situated in 30° 57' N. lat. and 75° 37' E. long., on the left bank of the Sutlej. Here, on 28th June 1846, Sir Harry Smith, in command of a cavalry force, inflicted a severe defeat upon the Sikhs. Aliwal North, a town of Cape Colony, on the left bank of the Orange river, which is here spanned by a fine railway bridge, 860 feet long. It is the present terminus of the line running from East London through Molteno and Burghersdorp northwards, and carries on a brisk trade with the Orange River Colony and surrounding districts. The population is about 3000. Aliwal North is so named to distinguish it from Aliwal South, which is the seaport of the pastoral Grasveld district, and stands on the west side of Mossel Bay under the Cape St Blaize headland, by which it is sheltered from the fierce southern winds. It has a considerable import and export trade, ranking in this respect fourth amongst the seaports of Cape Colony. The population is about 3000. Alkmaar, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, about 20 miles N.N.W. of Amsterdam by rail. It is also connected by steam tramway (1896) with Purmerend, Amsterdam, and Hoorn. There is a military school here. Population in 1870, 11,410; in 1900, 18,275. Allada. See Dahomey. Allahabad, a city of British India, the capital of the North-West Provinces, also a district and a division. The city is situated at the confluence of the Ganges and the Jumna, 564 miles from Calcutta by rail. Modern buildings include Government House, the High Court, the Mayo memorial and town hall, the Muir Central College, the Thornhill and Mayne memorial library and museum, the Naini central jail, Trinity church, and the Roman Catholic cathedral. The Jumna is crossed by a railway bridge, and there are two bridges of boats over the Ganges. The military cantonments contain accommodation for all three arms. Population(1881), 148,547; (1891), 175,246; (1901), 175,748. The municipal income in 1897-98 was Rs. 3,93,283; the registered death-rate in 1897 was 36-5 per thousand. The municipality consists of 28 members, of whom 21 are elected, with the magistrate as ex officio chairman. The water-supply, which was extended in 1897, provides 1,425,000 gallons a day, or 8 gallons per head. In 1896-97 the Muir Central College had 195 students; the Kayasth Pathsala had 73 students. There are four high schools and an American mission. There are 33 printing presses, 4 English and 4 vernacular newspapers, a literary institute, the Kayasth association, a Mahommedan union, and debating society. The district of Allahabad is traversed by the East Indian railway and the Great Trunk road. Apart from the city, it contains no town with a population exceeding 5000. Area, 2852 square miles; population (1891), 1,548,737, being 543 persons per square mile; (1901), 1,487,904, showing a decrease of 4 per cent. The land revenue and rates are Rs. 19,12,757, the incidence of assessment being R.l:5:3 per acre; the cultivated area in 1896-97 was 882,887 acres, of which 232,774 were irrigated from wells and tanks; the number of police was 4745; there are 217 vernacular schools, with 5941 pupils; the registered deathrate in 1897 was 45 per thousand. The principal crops are rice, millet, pulse, barley, cotton, opium, and indigo.