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 ALEXANDRIA—ALFRED from time to time brought to light in the district. During the excavations near Pompey’s column in 1900 some monumental ruins were exposed, which have by some archaeologists been identified with the foundations of the great temple of Serapis. Alexandria is held by a British garrison of about 1000 men, including a battalion of infantry and artillery, under a British major-general. Alexandria, a town in Rumania, situated in a rich grain-producing country, near the Danube, between Roshi-de-Yede and Zimnitza. It was founded by Prince Alexander Couza. Population (1900), 13,675 Alexandria, a district town of Russia, government of Kherson, 93 miles S.W. of Poltava, on the Ingulets, with tanneries, tallow-houses, and soap and candle works. Population (1897), 14,002. Alexandria, a manufacturing town of Dumbartonshire, Scotland, situated on the right bank of the river Leven, opposite Bonhill, by rail 19|- miles W.N.W. of Glasgow. It contains the largest of the five Turkey red dyeing establishments recently amalgamated under one company. The public buildings include a public hall, the mechanics’ institute library, an institute for men, with library and recreation rooms, and a similar institution for women. Population in 1881, 6173; 1891, 7796; 1901, 8392. Alexandria is in the parish of Bonhill, with the town of which name it is connected by a bridge which replaced in 1898 one bought three years earlier by the County Council from the Smollett family. Population of Bonhill town in 1901, 3922; of Bonhill parish, 14,581. Alexandria, a city of Virginia, U.S.A., situated in 38° 48' N. lat. and 77° 02' W. long. Though within the limits of Alexandria county, it is independent of county government, is divided into four wards, and is entered by the Pennsylvania and the Southern railways, and by electric railway from Washington, with which it is also connected by ferry. The Civil War checked its growth, and the powerful rivalry of Washington, only seven miles distant, has held it almost at a standstill for a generation. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which formerly extended to this place, now ends at Washington. The population in 1880 was 13,659, in 1890 it was 14,339, and in 1900 it was 14,528. Alexandria, a city of Madison county, Indiana, U.S.A., a little north-east of the centre of the state, at the intersection of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St Louis and the Lake Erie and Western railways. It has had a rapid growth, the population increasing from 715 in 1890 to 7221 in 1900. Alexandria, a town of Louisiana, U.S.A., capital of Rapides Parish, on the south bank of the Red river, in the central part of the state, in a region devoted to the cultivation of sugar-cane and cotton. The population in 1890 was 2861 ; in 1900 it was 5648. Alexandropol, or Alexandrapol (Turkish Guleri), a Russian town, fortress, and fortified camp in Transcaucasia, government of Erivan, near the junction of the Arpachai with the Aras, 30 miles by rail E.IST.E. of Kars. It has an extensive fortified military camp, and six spacious caravanserais, besides considerable silk trade. Population (1885), 22,670; (1897), 32,020. Alexandrovsk, the name of several towns in Russia: (1) New settlement of the government of Archangel, in the military harbour of Catherine (Ekaterininsk), on the Norman coast, 5 miles from the mouth of Kola Bay and 26 miles from Kola. It is a naval station. (2) District and town south of Ekaterinoslav, near the left bank of the Dnieper, below its rapids, and on the railway

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to Sebastopol. It has great store-houses. Population (1897), 16,393. Opposite it is the island of Khortitsa, upon which was the renowned Sich (or Syech) of the Zaporogue Cossacks. All its neighbourhood is strewn with kurgans (tumuli). (3) Russian village and fort, on the coast of the maritime province in Gulf De Castries, opposite Sakhalin island. It has a good harbour, hospital, and government store-houses, and trade with America. Alexandrovsk-Grushevskaya, a Cossack village of Russia, province of the Don, 5 miles N.W. of Novocherkask, in the centre of the Grushevskiya anthracite mines. The stock of coal of the latter is estimated at 16,000,000 tons. About 645,000 tons are now extracted every year by about 13,100 workmen. Population of the village, 16,250 in 1897. Alfortville, a town, arrondissement of Sceaux, department of Seine, 4 miles E.S.E. of Paris, at the confluence of the Seine and the Marne. India-rubber goods are manufactured, boat-building is carried on, and there are forges and rolling-mills. Population (1891), 7735 ; (1896), 11,410, (comm.) 11,614. Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh, and Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, (1844-1900), second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria, was born at Windsor Castle, 6th August 1844. In 1856 it was decided that the prince, in accordance with his own wishes, should enter the navy, and a separate establishment was accordingly assigned to him, with Lieutenant Sowell, R.E., as governor. He passed a most creditable examination for midshipman in August 1858, and being appointed to the Euryalus, at once began to work hard at the practical part of his profession. In July 1860, while on this ship, he paid an official visit to the Cape, and made a very favourable impression both on the colonials and on the native chiefs. On the abdication of Otho, king of Greece, in 1862, Prince Alfred was chosen by the whole people to succeed him, but political conventions of long standing rendered it impossible for the British Government to accede to their wishes. The prince therefore remained in the navy, and was promoted lieutenant 24th February 1863, and captain 23rd February 1866, being then appointed to the command of the Galatea. On attaining his majority in 1865, the prince was created duke of Edinburgh and earl of Ulster, with an annuity of <£15,000 granted by Parliament. While still in command of the Galatea, the duke started from Plymouth, 24th January 1867, for his voyage round the world. On 11th June 1867 he left Gibraltar and reached the Cape on 24th July, and landed at Glenelg, South Australia, on 31st October. Being the first royal prince to visit Australia, the duke was received with the greatest enthusiasm. During his stay of nearly five months he visited Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, and Tasmania; and it was on his second visit to Sydney that, while attending a public picnic at Clonfert in aid of the Sailors’ Home, an Irishman named O’Farrell shot him in the back with a revolver. The wound was fortunately not dangerous, and within a month the duke was able to resume command of his ship and return home. He reached Spithead on 26th June 1868, after an absence of seventeen months. The duke’s next voyage was to India, where he arrived in December 1869. Both there and at Hong Kong, which he visited on the way, he was the first British prince to set foot in the country. The native rulers of India vied with one another in the magnificence of their entertainments during the duke’s stay of three months. On 23rd January 1874 the marriage of the duke to the Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna, only