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AKANYAM- -A K-S H E H R

(1891), 75,744; (1901), 82,052, showing an increase of 8 per cent. In 1897-98 the gross revenue was Rs.3,52,867, of which Rs.39,102 was expended on public works; he tribute is Rs.14,592; the number of police was 59; there were 38 schools, with 1897 pupils. The chief, who is a Mahratta of the Bhonsle family, resides at Poona on a pension, while the state is under British management. The town of Akalkot is situated in 17° 31' N. lat. and 76° 15' E. long., near the Great Indian Peninsula railway, which traverses the state. Population, 6551. Akanyam, R. See Kile. Akassa. See Nigeria. Akhal-teke. See Transcaspian Territory. Akhaltsykh (Georgian “new fortress”), a fortified district town of Russia, Transcaucasia, government of Tiflis, 67 miles east of Batum, situated on a tributary of the Kura, at an altitude of 3370 feet. It enjoys an excellent climate and its houses are scattered amidst gardens. The new town is on the right bank of the river, while the old town and the fortress are on the opposite bank. It has a considerable inland trade, and brown coal is found in the neighbourhood. In 1897 the population, of whom many were Armenians, was 15,387. Ak-hissar, the classical Thyateira, the “ town of Thya,” situated in a fertile plain, on the Geurduk Chai (Lycus), in the Smyrna vilayet, Thyateira was an important station on the Roman road from Pergamos to Laodicea, and one of the “seven churches” of Asia (Rev. ii. 18). The town is connected with Smyrna by railway and exports cotton, wool, opium, cocoons, and cereals. Population, 13,000 (Moslems, 8200; Christians, 4800). Akhtyrka., a district town of Russia, government of Kharkotf, near to the Vorskla river, connected by a branch (11 m.) Avith the railway from Yilno to Kikolaevsk. It is surrounded by moving sands, and often inundated. It has a beautiful cathedral, built upon a plan by Rastrelli in 1753, to which numerous pilgrims come every year to venerate the ikon of the Virgin of Akhtyrsk. There is an active trade in corn, cattle, and the produce of domestic industries. Population (1897), 23,390. Akim. See Gold Coast. Akkerman (Turkish Ak-herman, “white town”), a district town, formerly a fortress, of South-West Russia, government of Bessarabia, situated on the right bank of the estuary of the Dnieper, 12 miles from the Black Sea. It was taken by the Russians in 1770 and 1774 and returned to the Turks, but was definitely annexed to Russia in 1881. Its proximity to Odessa gives it an advantageous position for trade, and it does a thriving business in wine, salt, fish, wool, tallow, &c. The town, with its three suburbs, contains beautiful gardens and vineyards. In 1897 the population was 28,303, or 40,000 including the suburbs. Akmolinsk, in Asiatic Russia, the north-eastern of the three provinces belonging to the general governorship of the Steppes, formerly knoAvn as the Kirghiz Steppe; bounded by Turgai on the W., Tobolsk on the N., Tomsk on the E., and Russian Turkestan on the S. Area, 211,566 square miles, of which 4535 are lakes. It is low and dotted with salt lakes in its northern portion, and sandy on the banks of the Irtysh. An undulating plateau stretches in the middle, and is watered by the Ishim, the plains gradually rising southwards, where a wide spur of the Tarbagatai Mountains runs north-westwards, containing gold, copper, and coal. Many lakes, of which the largest is Denghiz, are scattered along the northern slope of these bills. To the south of these hills, towards Lake Balkhash,

situated on its south-eastern frontier, and to the north-west of this lake, spreads a wide waterless desert, Bek-pak-dala, or Famine Steppe (Golodnaya). The province is Avatered by the Ishim, tributary of the Irtysh (which Aoavs near to the eastern frontier) and the Nura. The climate is very continental and dry, the average temperatures at Akmolly being: year 35°, January l-5°, July 70°; yearly rainfall, only 9 inches. The population, which was 678,957 in 1897 (324,587 women) consists chiefly of Russians in the northern and middle portions, and Kirghiz (about 350,000), who breed large quantities of cattle, horses, and sheep. The urban population was only 74,069. Agriculture is successfully carried on in the north, where the Siberian railway runs from Zlatoust to Omsk through a very fertile, well-populated region. Steamers ply on the Irtysh. The province is divided into five districts, the chief towns of which are ; Omsk, formerly capital of West Siberia (37,470 inhabitants) ; Akmolinsk, or Akmolly, chief tOAvn of the province (9560), situated on the Ishim, 285 miles south-west of Omsk, and chief centre for the caravans coming from Tashkent and Bukhara; Atbasar, 3030 ; Kokchetav, 5000 ; and PetropaAdovsk, 20,014. A kola., a town and district of India, in Berar or the Haidarabad Assigned Districts, under British administration. The town is on the Morna river, 930 feet above the sea ; railway station, 363 miles from Bombay. Population (1881), 16,608; (1891), 21,470;municipalincome(1897-98), Rs.45,057. It is a centre of trade in raw cotton. There are 13 factories for ginning and pressing cotton, with an outturn of 80,000 bales. It has a high school, with 202 pupils in 1896-97; a training college, with 69 students; an industrial school, supported by a Christian mission; an engineering class; two printing presses, each issuing a vernacular newspaper. The district of Akola has an area of 2660 square miles; population (1881), 592,792; (1891), 574,782, shoAving a decrease of 3 per cent; average density, 216 persons per square mile; (1901) 582,763, showing an increase of 1 per cent. Land revenue and rates in 1897-98 amounted to Rs.22,34,308, the incidence of assessment being R.l :7:2 per acre; the cultivated area was 1,303,757 acres, of which 9344 are irrigated from wells; number of police, 601 men; the number of boys at school in 1896-97 Avas 12,412, being 27‘8 per cent of the male population of school-going age; the registered death-rate in 1897 was 54‘9 per thousand. The principal crops are millet and cotton. Akron, a city of Ohio, U.S.A., the capital of Summit county, situated in 41° 05' K. lat. and 81° 32' W. long, in the north-eastern part of the state, at an altitude of 1000 feet, being on the divide between Lake Erie and Ohio river. The water supply is derived from wells. The plan of the streets is quite irregular; there are six wards, and the city is entered by no fewer than six railways, giving it excellent connexions in all directions. Its industries are chiefly manufacturing, and its products consist largely of agricultural implements, cement, brick, and tiles. Buchtel College, one of the smaller institutions of learning, is situated here. The population in 1880 was 16,512, in 1890 it was 27,601, and in 1900 it was 42,728. Ak-Shehr, the classical Philomelion, a town in Asia Minor, in the Konia vilayet, situated at the edge of a fertile plain, on the north side of the Sultan Dagh. Philomelion was on the great Greco-Roman highway from Ephesus to the east, and to its townsmen the Smyrniotes wrote the letter that describes the martyrdom of Polycarp. The town is connected by railway with Konia, Smyrna, and Constantinople. Population, 15,000 (Moslems).