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 A I V A L I — iV K A L K O T 235 Aivali, a prosperous town on the west coast of Asia railway, 615 miles from Bombay and 275 miles from Delhi, Minor, opposite the island of Mitylene. It stands, near with a branch running due south to the Great Indian the site of the ^Eolian Heracleia, on rising ground at the Peninsula main line. The city is well laid out, with wide end of a bay which is separated from the Gulf of Adramyt- streets and handsome houses. It is still surrounded by a tium, and protected from the prevailing winds by the stone wall. The educational institutions include a college, Muskonesi Islands (Hecatonnesoi'). In 1821 it was burned with 212 students in 1897-98, and the Mayo Rajkumar to the ground during a fight between the Turks and the College, opened in 1875, for training the sons of the nobles Greeks, and a large number of its Greek population killed of Rajputana on the lines of an English public school, or enslaved. It is now one of the most thriving towns in with 63 pupils in 1897-98, maintained at a total cost of the Levant, with a purely Greek population distinguished Rs.47,479. Population (1867), 34,763 ; (1881), 48,735 ; for its commercial, industrial, and maritime enterprise. (1891), 68,843; (1901), 75,759, showing an increase of The exports are olive oil, soap, and raki; and a fleet of 10 per cent. The district of Ajmer, which forms the fishing-boats supplies Constantinople and Smyrna with fish ■ larger part of the province of Ajmer-Merwara, has an area the exports in 1899 were valued at .£944,743, and the of 2070 square miles. Population (1891), 422,359, being imports at £286,425. It is the seat of a British vice- 204 persons per square mile; (1901), 366,800, showing consulate. Population, 36,000. a decrease of 13 per cent. Besides the city of Ajmer, it Aix-la-Chapelle, German Aachen, a town and contains the military station of Nasirabad ; population, watering-place of Prussia, in the Rhine prov., between 21,710. the Meuse and the Rhine, 44 miles W.S.W. from Cologne a division or petty province by the railway to Liege. It possesses more than thirty of Ajmer-Merwara, British India, in Rajputana, consisting of the two churches, besides the cathedral. A handsome building was districts of Ajmer and Merwara, separated from each other put up in 1886-89, behind the facade (1267) of the old and isolated amid native states. The administration is in town hall, to accommodate the archives. The Suermondt the hands of a commissioner, subordinate to the governormuseum contains collections of antiquities, pictures, arms, general’s agent for Rajputana. The capital is Ajmer city. and industrial art objects. There are two or three tech- The area is 2711 square miles. The population in 1891 nical schools, a commercial college, a commercial high was 542,358, being 200 persons per square mile, the .school (opened in 1898), a deaf and dumb asylum, lunatic classification according to religion being : Hindus, 437,988, asylums, a teachers’ seminary, a polytechnic, a technical or 81 per cent.; Mahommedans, 74,265, or 13 per cent.; high school, and a newspaper museum. In the vicinity Jains, 26,939, or 5 per cent.; Christians, 2683; and are coal-mines employing about 9000 men. This city is “others,” 483; in 1901 the population was 476,330, the seat of a very active commerce in cereals, timber, showing a decrease of 12 per cent., due to the results leather, coal, metals, wool, wine, &c. In 1897 the town of famine. Among Hindus, the Rajputs are landof Burtscheid was incorporated with Aix-la-Chapelle. holders, and the Jats and Gujars are cultivators. The Burtscheid also has thermal baths (140° to 160° Fahr.), Jains are traders and money-lenders. The aboriginal and carries on the same industries as Aix-la-Chapelle. tribe of Mers are divided between Hindus and MahomPopulation (1885), 95,725; (1895), 110,551 ; (1901), medans. In 1897-98 the total cultivated area was 135,235. returned at 404,413 acres, of which 62,305 acres were Ajaccio, the chief town of the island of Corsica, a twice cropped. The chief crops are millet, wheat, cotton, ■department of France, stands on the west side of the and oil-seeds. The irrigated area was 142,287 acres, of island. It lies 676 miles S.E. of Paris, and is the ter- which 107,677 were irrigated from wells, and 33,955 minal station of railways from Bastia and Calvi. The from tanks. The land revenue was Rs.4,42,526, being library (35,000 volumes), a fine collection of pictures, and at the rate of R. 1:3:11 per cultivated acre, and 14 annas a communal college, all now in the Palais Fesch, were per head of population. The total number of schools was founded by the cardinal of that name, half-brother of 192, with 10,771 pupils; and the total expenditure on Napoleon’s mother. The culture of the citron has greatly education was Rs.92,463. There are 12 factories for ■extended in recent years, and gallic acid is now an im- ginning and pressing cotton, the chief trading centres portant export. The Citadelle harbour affords good being Beawar and Kekri. Together with the surrounding anchorage, but the port accommodation is indifferent. country, Ajmer-Merwara suffered very severely from the The total length of quays is 2000 feet, with a depth along- famine of 1899-1900. In June 1900 the number of side of from 9 to 22 feet. In 1899, 640 vessels of 213,370 persons in receipt of relief was 143,000, being more than tons entered, and 650 of 214,107 tons cleared. Population one-fourth of the total population. (1881), 15,351 ; (1891), 17,248; (1896), 17,398, (comm.) ‘Akabahy Gulf of, the classical AElaniticus Sinus, 18,553; (1901), 21,779. from the town of yElana at its head; a continuation Ajaigarh, a native state of India, in Bundelkhand, southward of the Jordan- ‘Araba depression. Raised beaches under the Central India agency; lying between 24° 45' and on the coast show that there has been an elevation of the 24° 58' N. lat., and between 80° 4' and 80° 22' E. long. sea-bed of 200 feet. Near the head of the gulf is Jezfret It has an area of 802 square miles; and a population of Faraun, mediaeval Graye, a rocky islet with the ruins of a 93,048, being 116 persons per square mile. The chief, castle built by Baldwin I. (arc. 1115). The village of who is a Bundela Rajput, bears the title of Sawai Maharaja. ‘Akabah was transferred from Egypt to Turkey in 1892, He has an estimated revenue of about Rs. 2,25,000, and pays and has a small import trade. Near it was Elath, the port a tribute of Rs.7010. He resides at the town of Naushahr, from which Solomon’s fleet sailed to Ophir, which as at the foot of the hill-fortress of Ajaigarh, from which the ^'blana was the station of the tenth Roman legion, and a state takes its name. The state suffered severely from place of commercial importance. As Haila or Ailat, under famine in 1868-69, and again in 1896-97. the Arabs, it was in the 10th century the great port of Ajmer, a city of British India, in Rajputana, which Palestine and the emporium of the Hejaz. gives its name to a district and also to a petty province called AkaJkot, a native state of India, in the Deccan Ajmer-Merwara; situated in 26° 27' N. lat. and 74-44° E. division of Bombay, ranking as one of the Satara Jagirs, long., on the lower slopes of Taragarh Hill, in the Aravalli situated between the British district of Sholapur and the Mountains. It is an important station on the Rajpu tana Nizam’s dominions. Area, 498 square miles; population,