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AGRICULTURE

since the last census was taken. In yield per acre Connecticut ranks first, with Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, Wisconsin, Ohio, Missouri, and Kentucky following in the order named. In area cultivated Kentucky is first, Virginia second, North Carolina third, Tennessee fourth, Maryland fifth, Ohio sixth, Pennsylvania seventh, and Missouri eighth. There is a great difference in the annual yield per acre by weight in the different States, due not alone to the difference in soil and care in cultivation, but also to the varieties cultivated and to differences in the weather, to which the tobacco plant is extremely susceptible. Some of the lighter varieties are grown for beauty of colour and richness of flavour; other varieties are grown for bulk and weight. In the States having the

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highest yield per acre, the seed leaf varieties are principally grown and high manuring practised. In Ohio and Kentucky the burly varieties are largely grown, which produce a large bulk. In North Carolina, on the other hand, the bright yellow variety is extensively raised, which gives a low yield per acre by weight. The following table (XXI.) contains statistics of tobacco production, exports, and imports, based upon information collected by the commissioner of internal revenue and the bureau of statistics of the Treasury Department. The tobacco manufactured is reported to the first-named office, and that imported and exported to the last. From these data it is possible to ascertain approximately the total crop of the country:—

Table XXI.—Production of Tobacco in the United States, 1892 to 1898, as compiled from the Reports of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and of the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department. 1897. 1894. Tobacco manufactured : Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Ckewing, smoking, and 250,994,675 249,858,869 234,081,332 snuff1 1 96,925,980 89,973,814 93,639,213 Cigars and cigarettes 1 304,797,808 293,637,217 277,258,871 Exports, domestic . 3,060,385 1,776,636 1,611,863 Exports, foreign1 609,878,046 646,407,127 641,331,490 22,093,270 24,899,175 31,355,899 Less imports1 587,784,776 621,507,952 609,975,591

Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. 234,561,904 265,871,158 247,358,414 95,053,056 96,213,473 102,519,323 300,047,687 281,074,422 269,966,833 1,779,103 2,323,516 2,767,454

Pounds. 286,453,738 106,855,524 346,823,677 1,847,637

632,430,101 20,258,704

644,938,156 12,848,743

622,168,086 741,980,576 11,307,830 17,107,839

612,171,397

632,089,413

610,860,256

724,872,737

For calendar year following. The average amount of unmanufactured tobacco exported each confined to the north-western and central States. The year during the five years 1894-98 was 293,033,628 pounds, valued States yielding 2,000,000 pounds, or more, each of at $24,267,718. The exports averaged 45 per cent, of the crop. maple sugar, are Vermont, New York, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Hampshire. In 1895 only Sugar and Molasses. The product of sugar cane, sorghum, and maple sap in 30,000 tons of sugar were made in the United States from beets in the States of California, Nebraska, and 1880 and 1890 was as follows :— Utah. The Department of Agriculture has recently Sugar Cane. devoted considerable attention to the culture of sugar 1880. 1890. beets, with the result that 73,000 tons of sugar were Sugar. . . 214,646,400 301,284,395 pounds. produced in 1899-1900 in these and a few other States. Produced on. 227,776 274,975 acres. Molasses . . 16,573,273 25,409,228 gallons. The total cane and beet sugar production of the world, This is an increase of 20‘72 per cent, in area under 1899-1900, as given by the year-book of the Department cultivation, of 40'36 per cent, in sugar, and 53'31 per of Agriculture, was 8,500,000 tons in round numbers. The United States produced 132,000 tons; Porto Rico, cent, in merchantable molasses. 50,000 tons; Cuba, 395,000 tons; the Hawaiian Islands, Soii'ghum. 275,000 tons; and the Philippine Islands (exports only), 1890. 1880. 40,000 tons, making a total of 892,000 tons for the pounds. 12,792 Sugar United States and these islands. 28,444,202 24,235,219 gallons. Molasses Maple Sap. Agricultural Education. 1890. 1880. The agricultural schools of the United States owe their Sugar 36,576,071 32,952,927 pounds. 2,258,376 gallons. Molasses 1,796,048 origin to the movement against the old classical school, Cane sugar is confined almost entirely to lower Louisiana. and in favour of technical education which commenced in Some cane is grown in the adjacent portions of Texas, and most civilized nations about the middle of the century. a little in Georgia and Florida. The following table shows A rapidly growing country with great natural resources the sugar product of Louisiana for the years 1895 to 1900 needed men educated in the sciences and arts of life, and this want was first manifested in the United States by a inclusive Tons of 2240 pounds. popular agitation on behalf of agricultural schools. A 1895. 1896 237,720 number of so-called agricultural schools were started . 1897 282,009 1896between 1850 and 1860 in the eastern and middle States, 1897. 1898 310,447 where the movement made itself most felt, but without 1898. 1899 245,511 1899. 1900 132,000 trained teachers and suitable methods they accomplished The cane sugar of commerce has averaged 2,900,000 very little. They were only ordinary schools with farms tons in round numbers during 1895-1900; of this all attached. The first constitution of the State of Michigan, adopted in 1850, provided for an agricultural school, and America and the West Indies produces 1,400,000 tons. The production of sorghum molasses is about evenly this was the first one established in the United States. distributed over the five States of Tennessee, Kentucky, The General Assembly of the State of Pennsylvania Missouri, Illinois, and Iowa, with Nebraska and Kansas incorporated the Farmers’ High School, now the State as the next most important. The maple sugar product is College, in 1854. Maryland incorporated her agricultural