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 AFRICA — AGA Spanish— Rio de Oro Muni River

167,400 1,750 Total Spanish Africa.

169,150

Tup-kish— Tripoli and Benghazi Egyptian— Egypt Proper. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

398,900 400,000 610,000

Total Egyptian Africa Separate States— Congo Pree State Liberia Morocco. Abyssinia

• 1>01Q;QQ0 900,000 52,000 219,000 320,000

Total Independent Africa . 1,491,000 Thus, collecting the totals, we see that at the present day (1901) Africa is portioned out among the Powers as follows : , Africa . ,, . ....... Square n rSntisn 2 713Miles. 910 French Africa (including Madagascar). . ' s’sOtWl German Africa ...... OSs'ssO Italian Africa ...... 188 500 Carried forward

7,640,765

Africa, South. See South Africa. Africa, Central. See Central Africa. Africa, East.

See East Africa.

Agfa Khan I., His Highness the (1800-1881), was the title accorded by general consent to Hasan Ali Shah (born in Persia, 1800), when, in early life, he first settled in Bombay under the protection of the British Government. He was believed to have descended in direct line from Ali by his wife Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet Mahommed. Ali’s son, Hoosein, having married a daughter of one of the rulers of Persia before the time of Mahommed, the Aga Khan traced his descent from the royal house of Persia from the most remote, almost prehistoric, times. His ancestors had also ruled in Egypt as Khalifs of the Beni-Fatamites for a number of years at a period coeval with the Crusades. Before the Aga Khan emigrated from Persia he was appointed by the Emperor Fateh Ali Shah to be governor-general of the extensive and important province of Kerman. His rule was noted for firmness, moderation, and high political sagacity, and he succeeded for a long time in retaining the friendship and confidence of his master the Shah, a t rough his career was beset with political intrigues and jealousy on the part of rival and court favourites and with internal turbulence. At last, however, the fate usual to statesmen in oriental countries overtook him, and he incurred the mortal displeasure of Fateh Ali Shah. He new from Persia and sought protection in British territory, preferring to settle down eventually in India, making Bombay his headquarters. At that period the rst fghan War was at its height, and in crossing over from Persia through Afghanistan the Aga Khan ound opportunities of rendering valuable services to the British army, and thus cast in his lot for ever with the ntish. . A few years later he rendered similar conspicuous services in the course of the Scinde campaign, when his kelp was utilized by Napier in the process of subduing rontxer tb6 Aga’s friboSj aaslarge of whom A tbe authority theirnumber spiritual head. acknowledged Napier held 18 1 08 6111 al] y m great esteem, and entertained a very j

163

Brought forward Portuguese Africa Spanish Africa Turkish Africa Egyptian Africa Independent Africa

7,640,764 790,124 169,150 398,900 1,010,000 1,491,000 Total Africa (including Madagascar). 11,499,938 Authorities.—Hertslet. Map of Africa by Treaty, 3 vols London, 1896.—Scott Keltie. Partition of Africa, 2nd. ed. 1895 H1 i orul 0n> UNXIN • S1LvA TK. Development of Africa. London Le Partar e iqqq r ^ Politique Lc de VAfrique. Brussels,■ 1888.—Comte Charles de JKinsky. Continent Africain Manuel de Diplomate. Paris, 1897. - Ortroy. Conventions Internationales. . . en Afrique. Brussels, 1898.—Sir Harry Johnston. Colonization of Africa. Cambridge, 1899.—Reeves International Beginnings of Congo Free State. Baltimore 1894 — Jung. Deutsche Kolonien. Leipsig, 1884.—Fabri. Fiinf Jahre Deutscher Kolomalpolitik. Gotha, 1889.—Demay. Histoire de la Colonisation Allemande. Paris, 1890.—Deschamps. Histoire de la Question Coloniale en France. Paris, 1891 Alis A la Conquete du Tchad. Paris, 1891,-Caron. De Saint-Louis an port de Tombouktou. Paris, 1891.—Chanes. Conquete AlMrienne. Paris, 1892 -Binger. Du Niger au Golfe de GuMe par ie pays de Kong et le Mossi. Paris, 1892.—M'Dermott. British East' Africa. _ London, 1893.—Lugard. The Rise of our East African Empire. _ London, 1893.—Lucas. Historical Geography of the British Colonies, Oxford 1894, et seq,—Petit. Organisation des colonies fran^aises et des pays de protectorat. ' Paris, 1894. (j. S. K.)

high opinion of his political acumen and chivalry as a leader a,nd soldier. The Aga Khan reciprocated the distinguished British commander’s confidence and friendship by giving repeated proofs of his devotion and attachment to the British Government, and when he finally settled down in India, his position as the leader of the large Ismailiah section of Mahommedan British subjects was recognized by the Government, and the title of' His Highness was conferred on him, with a large pension. From that time until his death in 1881, the Aga Khan while leading the life of a peaceful and peacemaking citizen, under the protection of British rule, continued to discharge his sacerdotal functions, not only among his followers in India, but towards the more numerous communities which acknowledged his religious sway in distant countries such as Afghanistan, Khorassan, Persia, Aiabia, Central Asia, and even distant Syria and Morocco. He remained throughout unflinchingly loyal to the British Baj, and by his vast and unquestioned influence among the frontier tribes on the northern borders of India he exercised a control over their unruly and wild passions in times of trouble, which proved of invaluable service m the several expeditions led by British arms on the north-west frontier of India. He was also the means of checking the fanaticism of the more turbulent Mahommedans in British India, which in times of internal troubles and misunderstandings finds vent in the shape of religious or political riots. 1 He was succeeded by his eldest son, Aga Khan II This prince continued the traditions and work of his fathei in a manner that won the approbation of the local Government, and earned for him the distinction of a knighthood of the order of the Indian Empire, and a seat in the Legislative Council of Bombay. Aga Khan III. (Sultan Mahommed Shah), only son of the foregoing, succeeded him on his death in 1885, and is the Present head of the family and its devotees. He was born in 1877, and, under the fostering care of his mother, a daughter of the ruling house of Persia, has been given not only that religious and oriental education which his position as the religious leader of the Ismailiahs made indispensable, but a sound European training, a boon denied to his father