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 ADMIRALTY Table D. Old Construction. 8 single-turret iron monitors. 2 iron steam cruisers. 2 ,, paddle gunboats. 7 wooden steam cruisers. 1 ,, torpedo boat of 17 knots speed. 20

Table E. Inefficient. 22 wooden sailing vessels, mostly unserviceable, except as receiving ships, &c. Table F. Under Construction. 10 1st class battleships 11,525 to 15,000 tons. 13,600 to 14,000 ,, 6 armoured cruisers. 9,600 3 protected ,, 3,100 6 „ „ 4 monitors 3,214 1 gunboat 6 submarine boats 120 1 torpedo craft. 165 to 420 ,, 67 United States naval vessels are, as a rule, built at private yards under contracts awarded after competition. The Government is not committed to any fixed policy or building programme. Each year the Secretary recommends certain new construction. The final action rests

Admiralty, Cinque Ports Court of.— | The Court of Admiralty for the Cinque Ports exercises a co-ordinate but not exclusive Admiralty jurisdiction over persons and things found within the territory of the Cinque Ports. The limits of its jurisdiction were declared at an inquisition taken at the Court of Admiralty, held by the seaside at Dover in 1682, to extend from Shore Beacon in Essex to Redcliff, near Seaford, in Sussex; and with regard to salvage, they comprise all the sea between Seaford in Sussex to a point five miles off Cape Grisnez on the coast of France, and the coast of Essex. An older inquisition of 1526 is given by Mr Marsden in his Select Pleas of the Court of Admiralty, II. xxx. The court is an ancient one. The judge sits as the official and commissary of the Lord Warden, just as the judge of the High Court of Admiralty sat as the official and commissary of the Lord High Admiral. And, as the office of Lord Warden ! is more ancient than the office of Lord High Admiral (The Lord Warden v. King in his office of Admiralty, 1831, 2 Hagg. Admy. Rep. 438), it is probable that the Cinque Ports Court is the more ancient of the two. The jurisdiction of the court has been, except in one matter of mere antiquarian curiosity, unaffected by statute. It exercises only, therefore, such jurisdiction as the High Court of Admiralty exercised, apart from the restraining statutes, 13 Ric. II. c. 5, 15 Ric. II. c. 3, and the enabling statutes, 3 and 4 Yiet. c. 65, and 24 Viet. c. 10. Cases of collision have been tried in it (the “Vivid,” 1 Asp. Maritime Law Cases, 601). But salvage cases (the “Clarisse,” Swabey, 129; the “Marie,” Law. Rep. 7 P.D. 203) are the principal cases now tried. It has no prize jurisdiction. The one case in which jurisdiction has been given to it by statute is to enforce forfeitures under 5 Eliz. c. 5. Mr Arthur Cohen, K.C., is the present judge. His predecessor was Dr (afterwards the Right Hon. Sir Robert Joseph) Phillimore, who succeeded his father in the same office, and was judge from 1855 to 1875. As Sir Robert Phillimore was also the last judge of the High Court of Admiralty, from 1867 (the date of his appointment to the High Court) to 1875, the two offices were probably Mr the first time in history held by the same

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with Congress, which must appropriate money for the new ships before the construction can be commenced. Repairing and reconstruction are usually done at Government navy yards. Ships in commission are distributed among five stations : (1) the North Atlantic, which includes the Atlantic coast of the United States, Central America, and South America as far as the Amazon, also the West Indies ", (2) the South Atlantic, which includes the remainder of the Atlantic coast of South America and both coasts of South Africa ; (3) the European, which comprises the coast of Europe, including the inland seas, and the North Atlantic coast of Africa ; (4) the Asiatic station, comprising the coast of Asia, including the islands north of the equator, also the east coast of North Africa; (5) the Pacific station, comprising the Pacific coast of North and South America, and Australia and the adjacent islands lying south of the equator. Each station is commanded by a flag officer, and the number of ships under the command varies according to circumstances. Ships in commission on special service, such as training, gunnery, surveying ships, &c., are not attached to stations. The shore stations of the navy are enumerated in the article on Dockyards. (w. t. s.)

person. The appointment is by the Lord Warden. Dr Phillimore’s patent had a grant of the “place or office of judge official and commissary of the Court of Admiralty of the Cinque Ports, and their members and appurtenances, and to be assistant to my lieutenant of Dover castle in all such affairs and business concerning the said Court of Admiralty wherein yourself and assistance shall be requisite and necessary.” Of old the court sat sometimes at Sandwich, sometimes at other ports. But the regular place for the sitting of the court has for a long time been, and still is, the aisle of St James’s Church, Dover. For convenience the judge often sits at the Royal Courts of Justice. The office of marshal in the High Court is represented in this court by a serjeant, who also bears a silver oar. There is a registrar, as in the High Court. The appeal is to the queen in council, and is heard by the judicial committee. The court can hear appeals from the Cinque Ports salvage commissioners, such appeals being final (1 and 2 Geo. IV. c. 76, § 4). Actions may be transferred to it, and appeals made to it, from the county courts in all cases arising within the jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports as defined by that Act. At the solemn installation of the Lord Warden the judge as the next principal officer installs him. The Cinque Ports from the earliest times claimed to be exempt from the jurisdiction of the admiral of England. Their early charters do not, like those of Bristol and other seaports, express this exemption in terms. It seems to have been derived from the general words of the charters which preserve their liberties and privileges. The Lord Warden’s claim to prize was raised in, but not finally decided by, the High Court of Admiralty in the “Ooster Ems,” 1 C. Rob. 284, 1783. See Boys. Sandwich and Cinque Ports.—Knocker. Grand Court of Shepway, 1862. (w. G. F. P.) Admiralty, High Court of.—The High Court of Admiralty was the court of the deputy or lieutenant of the admiral. It is supposed in the Black Book of the Admiralty to have been founded in the reign of Edward I.; but it would appear, from the learned discussion of Mr Marsden, that it was established as a civil