Page:1899 The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century.djvu/27

 CONTENTS XV FAGB I. General economic effects of agglomeration 417 On the production of wealth 417 Agriculture 418 Distribution of wealth 419 Organization of labor » 419 Has the movement gone too far ? 420 Unemployment in cities 420 Scarcity of labor on the farm 422 Conclusion 424 II. Political effects 425 National wealth and power 425 National stability 426 Tenancy in the United States •. 426 Internal politics 427 The problem of municipal government 428 III. Social effects 43I 1. Extreme individualism in cities threatens social solidarity 432 Counter-tendencies 434 2. Rural and village decadence 437 Rural education 437 3. Cities are the centres of free thought and liberalism, of civilization and progress 439 Need of cities in the Southern States 440 4. Role of the cities in the process of natural selection 441 CHAPTER IX TENDENCIES AND REMEDIES Concentration and centralization of population all but universal 446 Obscured in England and the United States 446 Great cities in history 448 Growth of modern great cities 449 Limits to the growth of a metropolis 45^ Discussion of remedies in the past 454 Recent propositions 454 Fees for settlement 455 Agricultural improvements 455 Village attractions 45^ Administrative decentralization 45^ City improvements discontinued 457 Suburban development 45^ The process of " city-building " 459