Page:1899 The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century.djvu/24

 xi CONTENTS PACK CHAPTER IV Urban Growth and Internal Migration Migration cityward not of recent origin : References in the literature of four- teenth and subsequent centuries 230 London's immigrants in 1580 and 1880 compared 232 The rapid urban growth of the nineteenth century a result of the reduction of mortality 233 The course of evolution as shown in Swedish statistics 237 Modern European cities 239 Natural increase and immigration compared, for {a) Great cities, (^) Urban population 240 Critical review 246 Statistics of birth-place 247 The volume of internal migration 248 Migration in different countries compared 249 Interstate migration decreasing in the United States 25 1 Internal migration increasing in Continental Europe 252 Nature of the migratory movement : (i) Predominantly for short distances 255 (2) Cities the centres of attraction 255 (3) Magnitude of the city affects the average distance traversed by migrants, 259 (4) The larger the city, the greater its proportion of outsiders .... 260 American conditions 263 No progression through places of increasing magnitude 267 Mobility of population, {a) rural, {b) urban, (r) large cities 273 Character of migrants : (i) Sex 276 (2) Age . , • 280 (3) Length of residence 282 CHAPTER V THE STRUCTURE OF CITY POPULATIONS I. Sex — The cities contain a larger proportion of women than do the rural populations 285 Causes, immigration of females ? 289 emigration of males ? 290 ratio of the sexes at birth ? 294 heavy infant mortality ? 295 adult male mortality ? 296