Page:15 decisive battles of the world Vol 2 (London).djvu/70

62 1140. Foundation of the city of Lubeck, whence originated the Hanseatic league. Commencement of the feuds in Italy between the Guelfs and the Ghibelines.

1146. The second Crusade.

1154. Henry II. becomes King of England. Under him Thomas à Becket is made Archbishop of Canterbury: the first instance of any man of the Saxon race being raised to high office in Church or State since the Conquest. 1170. Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, lands with an English army in Ireland. 1189. Richard Coeur de Lion becomes King of England. He and King Philip Augustus of France join in the third Crusade. 1199—1204. On the death of King Richard his brother, John, claims and makes himself master of England and Normandy and the other large continental possessions of the early Plantagenet princes. Philip Augustus asserts the cause of Prince Arthur, John's nephew, against him. Arthur is murdered, but the French king continues the war against John, and conquers from him Normandy, Britanny, Anjou, Maine, Tourain, and Poictiers. 1215. The barons, the freeholders, the citizens, and the yeomen of England rise against the tyranny of John and his foreign favourites. They