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xii a-hi becomes ai, a-fu becomes au or ō; sometimes lengthening or reduplicating the sound of the first vowel; as, nu-fu becomes nū, to-ho becomes tō, i-hi becomes ii, yo-fu becomes yō, ho-ho becomes ō.

Sometimes the consonant of the first syllable and the vowel of the second form a single syllable, the vowel of the first and the consonant of the second being elided. This is especially the case in writing the sounds of Chinese words; as, chi-ya becomes cha; shiya, sha; chiyo, cho; shiyo, sho; jiyo, jo; kuwo, kō; chi-ya-u becomes chō; shiyau, shō; shi-yo-u, shō. Sometimes an entirely new sound is produced; as, te-u becomes chō; he-u, hyō; de-fu, jō; se-fu, shō.

As in this Dictionary the words are arranged according to their sounds, and not according to the Japanese spelling with the Kana, the following table will be found useful to those who may wish to consult it, and who may have the Kana only, without the voice of the living teacher, to direct them to proper sound.

  iu or yū  ii  iwa  ie  rō  hō  hō <li> hae</li> <li> bō</li> <li> bō</li> <li> hyō</li> <li> byō</li> <li> hō</li> <li> hō</li> <li> hō</li> <li> bō</li> <li> nyū</li> <li> nyū</li> <li> nyō</li> <li> nyō</li> <li> nii</li> <li> nie</li> <li> tō</li> <li> tō</li> <li> tō</li> <li> tō</li>

<li> toi</li> <li> dō</li> <li> cha</li> <li> cho</li> <li> chō</li> <li> chō</li> <li> chū</li> <li> chie</li> <li> jo</li> <li> jō</li> <li> jū</li> <li> ryū</li> <li> ryo</li> <li> ryō</li> <li> ryō</li> <li> ryū</li> <li> nū</li> <li> nū</li> <li> nui</li> <li> ō</li> <li> oi</li> <li> ō</li> <li> ō</li> <li> kō</li> <li> kō</li> <li> kai</li>

<li> kao</li> <li> gō</li> <li> gō</li> <li> yō</li> <li> yō</li> <li> yoi</li> <li> tō</li> <li> tō</li> <li> tae</li> <li> tai</li> <li> dō</li> <li> ryō</li> <li> ryō</li> <li> sō</li> <li> sō</li> <li> sō</li> <li> soi</li> <li> zō</li> <li> zō</li> <li> tsui</li> <li> tsū</li> <li> nyō</li> <li> nō</li> <li> nō</li> <li> nao</li> <li> nae</li>

<li> rō</li> <li> rō</li> <li> ue</li> <li> ui</li> <li> uwa</li> <li> uwo</li> <li> nō</li> <li> nō</li> <li> ō</li> <li> ō</li> <li> ō</li> <li> ō</li> <li> oi</li> <li> kwa</li> <li> kui</li> <li> kū</li> <li> gwa</li> <li> yō</li> <li> yō</li> <li> mō</li> <li> mai</li> <li> mae</li> <li> kyō</li> <li> kyō</li> <li> kō</li> <li> koi</li>

<li> kō</li> <li> gō</li> <li> gō</li> <li> yō</li> <li> chō</li> <li> chō</li> <li> jō</li> <li> jō</li> <li> ō or au</li> <li> ō or au</li> <li> ai</li> <li> awa</li> <li> sō</li> <li> sō</li> <li> zō</li> <li> zō</li> <li> kyū</li> <li> kyū</li> <li> kiwa</li> <li> kyō</li> <li> kyō</li> <li> kyu</li> <li> kyū</li> <li> yū</li> <li> yū</li> <li> yui</li>

<li> myō</li> <li> myō</li> <li> mei</li> <li> sha</li> <li> sho</li> <li> shō</li> <li> shō</li> <li> shō</li> <li> shū</li> <li> shu</li> <li> shū</li> <li> ja</li> <li> jo</li> <li> jō</li> <li> jū</li> <li> jū</li> <li> ju</li> <li> mō</li> <li> mō</li> <li> shō</li> <li> shō</li> <li> sewa</li> <li> sui</li> <li> sū</li> <li> suwa</li> </ul>

The system of orthography adopted in the previous edition of this work has been modified in a few particulars so as to conform to that recommended by the Rōmajikwai. Thus the y is omitted before e, and words which in the former