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 To act shall also include to bring about any outcome by abstaining from the act which needs to be done in order to prevent such an outcome.

Whoever intends to act against one person but the outcome of the act occurs to another person through an error is deemed to intentionally act against the person who undergoes the unfavourable outcome of such act. However, in the event that the law prescribes for a heavier punishment to be imposed due to the status of a person or due to the relationships between the offender and the person who undergoes the unfavourable outcome, such law shall not be applied in order to punish the offender more heavily.

Whoever intends to act against one person but actually acts against another person through a mistake cannot raise the mistake as an excuse that his act is unintentional.

Any fact which, if actually existing, would make an act guiltless or make the offender unpunishable or punishable with a lighter punishment, shall render the offender guiltless, or exempted from the punishment, or punishable with a lighter punishment, as the case may be, had the offender believed that the fact actually existed, although it did not exist in actuality.

If the ignorance of a fact in accordance with the stipulations of paragraph 3 of section 59 or the mistaken belief about the actual existence of a fact according to the stipulations of paragraph 1