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All the courts of justice under this Charter shall be affiliated to the Ministry of Justice.

The Minister of Justice shall be responsible for the administrative work of all the affiliated courts in order that it shall proceed in a smooth manner. However, the conduct of trials, as well as the passing of orders or judgments to conclude cases, shall specifically be subject to the discretion of the courts.

The courts of justice under this Charter are divided into three tiers, namely—

courts of first instance;

appellate courts;

Supreme Court of Justice (highest court).

The courts of first instance—

for Phra Nakhon Province and Thon Buri Province, are—

municipal courts;

the Civil Court and the Criminal Court;