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 when the injured person institutes a case himself without submitting prior complaint;

when a written denunciation is made in the form of anonymous letter or the person who makes an oral denunciation refuses to declare who he is or refuses to sign the denunciation or record thereof.

An injured person may submit a complaint to an inquiry official.

Such complaint must contain, as far as possible, the name and address of the complainant, the nature of the offence, all the circumstances under which the offence has been committed, the injury suffered, and the name or identity of the offender.

This complaint may be submitted in written or oral form. If it is in writing, it must contain the day, month, and year, as well as the signature of the complainant. If it is in orality, the inquiry official shall record it and have it affixed with the day, month, and year, as well as the signatures of the recorder and the complainant.

An injured person may submit a complaint to an administrative or police official whose functions are inferior or superior to an inquiry official and whose duties are to maintain peace and order according to the law.