Organon (Owen)/Topics/Book 1

Chap. 1. Of the Argument of this Treatise: of Syllogism and its kinds.
 * 1.1. The design of this set forth.
 * 1.2. Definition of syllogism. Distinction between the demonstrative and the dialectic.
 * 1.3. Definition of probabilities . Rhet. ii. 25; Poet. ch. 9.
 * 1.4. Of the contentious syllogism. (.)
 * 1.5. Of paralogisms which consist of things appropriate to certain sciences.
 * 1.6. The method proposed does not contemplate accuracy of detail.

Chap. 2. That this Treatise is useful for three purposes.
 * 2.1. That this treatise is usefully employed for exercise, conversation, and philosophical science.
 * 2.2. Dialectic opens the way to the principles of all methods.

Chap. 3. In what consists Dialectical Skill.
 * 3.1. He is skilled in dialectic, who can effect a selected purpose by the application of every possibility.

Chap. 4. Of Problem and Proposition.
 * 4.1. Of the particulars of this method: the concomitants of arguments and of syllogisms equal, and identical in number.  Cf. Wallis's Log.
 * 4.2. Every proposition and problem shows either genus, property, accident, or definition.—Each of these per se not a problem nor a prop.
 * 4.3. That problem and prop. differ in mode.

Chap. 5. Of Definition, Genus, Property, and Accident.
 * 5.1. What definition is, and of certain .  Cf. Top. vi. 4 and 14, and i. 8; also Metap. vi. 11, De Anim. i. 1.
 * 5.2. Of property . Cf Top. lib. v., and Porphyry's Isagoge.
 * 5.3. Of genus. (Top. lib. iv. Porphyry's Isagoge, 2.) Whately, Wallis, Aldrich, and Mansel.

Chap. 6. Of Arguments against Genus, etc., as applicable to the Subversion of Definition.
 * 6.1. Whatever is advanced against genus, property, and accident is subversive of definition, but an universal method is not for this reason to be looked for.
 * 6.2. Necessity of division.

Chap. 7. In how many ways "Same" is predicated.
 * 7.1. One thing is the same with another in number, species, or genus; a case resolved. Cf. Metap. lib. iv. (v.), Leipsic, ch. 9; also lib. ix. (x.).

Chap. 8. That it may be proved by Induction and Syllogism that all questions appertain to Definition, Genus, Property, or Accident.
 * 8.1. Proof by induction that disputations are composed of the foregoing, def., prop., genus, etc.
 * 8.2. By syllogism. (Cf. Met. vi. 4, 12, 16 and 6; v. 5, and Alex. in Metap. p. 44, ii. 30, ed. Bonitz.)

Chap. 9. Upon the Genera of the Categories.
 * 9.1. A discussion, by which it is shown, that the predicables are always in one of the categories.

Chap. 10. Of the Dialectic Proposition.
 * 10.1. Definition of a dialectic proposition.
 * 10.2. What are probable.

Chap. 11. Of the Dialectical Problem, and of Thesis.
 * 11.1. Definition of the dialectic problem.
 * 11.2. Def. of thesis.
 * 2. Another.
 * 11.3. Distinction between thesis and problem.
 * 11.4. Neither to be universally considered.

Chap. 12. Of Syllogism and Induction.
 * 12.1. Of the species of dialectic arguments: syllogism and induction; the latter ’.

Chap. 13. Of the Means adapted to the Provision of Syllogisms and Inductions.
 * 13.1. The instruments through which we abound in syllogisms, are four.

Chap. 14. Upon the Selection of Propositions.
 * 14.1. How propositions must be selected.
 * 14.2. Division of prop. into ethical, physical, and logical.
 * 14.3. All propositions to be assumed as universal as possible.

Chap. 15. Of the Knowledge of Diverse Modes of Predication.
 * 15.1. The disputant should be acquainted with the various significations of a word, and the reason of them. Cf. Rhet. ii. 24, and b. i. c. 6; Ethics, b. i.
 * 15.2. Ambiguity ascertainable from the diversity of contraries.
 * 15.3. Cases where there is no dissonance, but specific difference.
 * 15.4. Contrary to either, to be considered.
 * 15.5. Also the media.
 * 15.6. Also if in the contradictory, there is various predication.
 * 15.7. Cases of privation and habit.
 * 15.8. Also whether there is any ambiguity in case, etc.
 * 15.9. Whether the word belongs to the same category.
 * 15.10. Genera of those under the same name to be considered.
 * 15.11. If the contrary is variously predicated, the proposition also will be.
 * 15.12. Definitions of the composites to be examined.
 * 15.13. Also the definition of itself in each thing.
 * 15.14. Whether comparison subsist, as to the more, or similar.
 * 15.15. Whether those under the same name are the differences of different genera.
 * 15.16. Whether of those under the same name there are divers differences.
 * 15.17. Whether one is species, but the other difference.

Chap. 16. Upon the Discovery of Differences.
 * 16.1. The differences of genera themselves to be observed.

Chap. 17. How similitude is to be observed in things of different genera, and in the same genus. Chap. 18. On the Utility of these Inquiries in Disputation.
 * 18.1. The various uses of examining in how many ways predication occurs.
 * 1. Perspicuity.
 * 2. Syllogistic construction.
 * 3. To escape paralogism, and to employ it.
 * 2. Argument against a name to be avoided.
 * 4. This discovery useful to form syllogisms of the same and the different.
 * 5. Speculation upon the similar useful for inductive and hypothetical syllogisms.
 * 2. Method of proceeding.
 * 3. We define appropriately by assigning a common genus.
 * 4. The instruments for the construction of syllogism are four, viz. the assumption of propositions; the distinction of the equivocal; the discoverey of difference; and the consideration of the similar.

