Organon (Owen)/Categories

Table of Contents
Chap. 1. Of Homonyms, Synonyms, Paronyms
 * 1.1. What are Homonyms
 * 1.2. What are synonyms
 * 1.3. Paronyms

Chap. 2. Of the logical division of Things and their Attributes
 * 2.1. Subjects of discourse complex and incomplex.
 * 2.2. Varieties of predication
 * 2.3. Individuals not predicated of a subject

Chap. 3. Of the Connexion between Predicate and Subject
 * 3.1. Statement of argument in abstract
 * 3.2. Difference of distinct genera induces difference in species under them
 * 3.3. Not so as to subaltern genera

Chap. 4. Enumeration of the Categories
 * 4.1. Of incomplex universals
 * 4.2. Categories by themselves, neither affirmative nor negative.

Chap. 5. Of Substance
 * 5.1. Primary substance is neither in, nor is predicated of, any subject
 * 5.2. Secondary substances contain the first
 * 5.3. In predication the name and definition of the subject must be predicated
 * 5.4. The contrary happens in the case of many inhesions
 * 5.5. The universal involves the particular
 * 5.6. Species more a substance than genus
 * 5.7. Primary substances become subjects to all predicates; hence their name.
 * 5.8. Genus a predicate of species, but not vice versâ
 * 5.9. Infimæ species are equal in their not being substance
 * 5.10. Species and genera alone are secondary substances
 * 5.11. Equality of relation between cognate general and species
 * 5.12. No substance in a subject
 * 5.13. Of inhesives the name may be predicated of the subject, but not the definition.
 * 5.14. The latter may be predicated of secondary substances
 * 5.15. Difference does not exist in subject
 * 5.16. Parts of substances are also substances
 * 5.17. Difference and secondary substance predicated univocally
 * 5.18.
 * 5.19. All substance signifies some one thing
 * 5.20. Secondary substances signify a certain "quale"
 * 5.21. Primary substance admits not contrary
 * 5.22. Other instances
 * 5.23. Neither the greater nor less
 * 5.24. Individually it can receive contraries, in which it differes from those which are not substances.
 * 5.25. Reply to objection by a reference to the mode.
 * 5.26. Inherents in substances are, when changed, capable of contrariety.
 * 5.27. Induction of passion in the example as to sentence and opinion.

Chap. 6. Of Quantity
 * 6.1. Quantity two-fold, discrete and continuous; of parts occupying relative position, and the contrary.
 * 6.2. Examples discrete
 * 1. Number
 * 2. Oratio
 * 6.3. Examples continuous
 * 1. A line
 * 2. A superficies
 * 3. Time and place
 * 6.4. Relative position of some parts as to the above
 * 6.5. Parts have no relation in respect of number or time
 * 6.6. Oratio
 * 6.7. The above-named ar the only proper quanta—all others reducible to these—Examples
 * 6.8. Quantity, per se, has no contrary.
 * 6.9. Reply to obection, founded upon the contrariety of great to small.
 * 6.10.
 * 6.11.
 * 6.12. Simultaneous contrariety impossible
 * 6.13.
 * 6.14. The contrariety of quantity chiefly subsistent in space
 * 6.15. Quantity is incapable of degree
 * 6.16. But of equality and inequality

Chap. 7. Of Relatives
 * 7.1. Definition of relatives, and instances
 * 7.2. Some relatives admit contrariety
 * 7.3. Also degree
 * 7.4. Exceptions
 * 7.5. Relatives reciprocally convertible
 * 7.6. Except where the attribution of the relation is erroneous
 * 7.7. Necessity of sometimes inventing a name for the relata
 * 7.8. Rule for nomination of reciprocals
 * 7.9. All proper relatives reciprocate.
 * 7.10. So that the existence of one depends upon the other (Vide infra, 13)
 * 7.11. Relatives by nature simultaneous, with some exceptions
 * 7.12. As science and its object, apparently
 * 7.13. Sometimes, but not always, co-subversive
 * 7.14. Instance of things pertaining to sense
 * 7.15. Primary substance has no relation.
 * 7.16. But some secondary substances seem to possess relation, but the question is solved by an analysis of the definition of
 * 7.17. One relative being known, the correlative can be known
 * 7.18. Singulars
 * 7.19. The converse true of secondary substances.

Chap. 8. Of the Quale and of Quality
 * 8.1. Quality and its species; the latter of four kinds; Habit and disposition—these explained
 * 8.2. Species of quality, that which comprehends the faculties
 * 8.3. Passive qualities
 * 1. Exception in the case of colours
 * 2. There may be
 * 3. Also affections of the soul
 * 8.4. 4th species of quality—form and figure
 * 8.5. Things called qualia paronymously from these qualities
 * 8.6. Quality sometimes susceptible of contrariety
 * 8.7. If one contrary be a quale the other will be a quale
 * 8.8. It can also admit degree, but not always; form incapable of degree (Cf. Whately, b. ii. c. 5, sec. 6.)
 * 8.9. It is the property of quality that similitude is predicated in respect of it
 * 8.10. Reply to objection—that habit and disposition are reckoned amongst relatives as well as amongst qualities
 * 8.11. Singulars not included amongst relatives (Cf. Hill's Logic, de Divisione)

Chap. 9. Of Action, Passion, and the other categories of Position: When:  Where:  and Possession
 * 9.1. Action and Passion admit contrariety and degree
 * 9.2. Recapitulation of the other categories

Chap. 10. Of Opposites
 * 10.1. Opposites are of four kinds
 * 1. Relative opposition
 * 2. Contrary opposition
 * 3. Opposition of habit and privation; distinction in the meaning of habitual and privative opposition
 * 4. Opposition of affirmative and negative
 * 5. Privation and habit not relatively opposed (nor contrarily)
 * 6. Nature of intermediates in respect to opposition
 * 7. The peculiarity of affirmative, and negative oppostion, that one should be true and the other false

Chap. 11. Opposites continued, especially as to the contrariety between the Evil and the Good
 * 11.1. Opposition of good and evil (Rhet. b. i. c. 7, and Eth. b. ii. c. 2.)
 * 11.2. Where one contrary exists it is not necessary that the other should exist—but sometimes one destroys the other
 * 11.3. Contraries generally inherent in similar genera or species
 * 11.4. They must be either in the same genus, or in contrary genera, or be genera themselves

Chap. 12. Of Priority
 * 12.1. Priority fourfold
 * 1. In respect of time
 * 2. When there is no reciprocity as to the consequence of existence
 * 3. In respect of order
 * 4. In excellence
 * 12.2. Another mode of priority may be added, where one thing is the cause of another's existing

Chap. 13. Of things simultaneous
 * 13.1. Those things are simultaneous which at the same time are produced, and which reciprocate, but do not either cause the other's existence
 * 13.2. Or which as species of the same genus, are opposed in the same relation of division

Chap. 14. Of Motion
 * 14.1. Motion of six kinds
 * 14.2. Alteration questionably relative to the rest, this disproved
 * 1. By no increase or diminution necessarily occurring in what is altered
 * 2. By no change taking place in quality
 * 14.3. Generic and specific contrariety to motion

Chap. 15. Of the verb "to Have"
 * 15.1. Having predicated in many ways; Quality
 * 15.2. Quantity
 * 15.3. Investiture
 * 15.4. In a part
 * 15.5. As to a part
 * 15.6. In measure
 * 15.7. Possession
 * 15.8. Also indirectly or by analogy



Κατηγορίαι Catégories Categoriae Категории (Аристотель)