Kansas City Southern Railway Company v. United States (282 U.S. 760)/Opinion of the Court

The suit was brought to set aside two orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission of November 4, 1929, and July 30, 1929, respectively (155 I. C. C. 775), relating to the transportation by carriers subject to the Interstate Commerce Act (49 USCA § 1 et seq.) of private passenger train cars, including so-called office cars, of other carriers free or at other than published tariff rates. The orders are the same as those under review in Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company v. United States, 282 U.S. 740, 51 S.C.t. 297, 75 L. Ed. 672, decided this day. Treating the two orders, which deal with the same subject-matter, as substantially one requirement, the appellants challenge it 'so far as it prohibits the movement of an office car of another carrier upon such terms as the interested parties may mutually agree upon, when such office car is occupied exclusively by officers and employees of the company owning the car and traveling upon business in connection with the operation of their own railroad.' They also object to so much of the orders as purports to regulate movements which are strictly intrastate. The District Court, constituted as required by statute, sustained the orders of the Commission and dismissed the petition.

This suit in the District Court for the Western District of Missouri was begun in February, 1930, some time after the suit of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, supra, assailing the same orders, was brought in the District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The petitioners in both suits were parties to the proceeding in which the orders of the Commission were made. The United States and the Interstate Commerce Commission made no reference in their answers in the present case to the pendency of the earlier suit, but, after decree in that suit, the Commission amended its answer herein, setting up that decision as an affirmative defense. The defense was that the Urgent Deficiencies Act of October 22, 1913 (chapter 32, 38 Stat. 208, 219-221; U.S.C.ode, tit. 28, §§ 43-47 (28 USCA §§ 43-47)), which transferred to the several District Courts the jurisdiction to enjoin orders of the Commission, jurisdiction formerly vested in the Commerce Court, was not intended to create conflicting jurisdictions among the several District Courts and, after the jurisdiction of one District Court had been unsuccessfully invoked to enjoin an order of the Commission, to permit the jurisdiction of another District Court subsequently invoked to be exercised for a similar purpose.

It is unnecessary to review the history of the legislation authorizing suits to be brought to set aside orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The effect of the Urgent Deficiencies Act was to redistribute the jurisdiction of the Commerce Court. Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company v. Anderson-Tully Company, 256 U.S. 408, 414, 41 S.C.t. 524, 65 L. Ed. 1020. The venue provisions of the Urgent Deficiencies Act (U.S.C.ode tit. 28, § 43 (28 USCA § 43)) are as follows:

'The venue of any suit brought to enforce, suspend, or set     aside, in whole or in part, any order of the Interstate      Commerce Commission shall be in the judicial district wherein is the residence of the party or any of the      parties upon whose petition the order was made, except that      where the order does not relate to transportation or is not      made upon the petition of any party the vanue shall be in the      district where the matter complained of in the petition      before the commission arises, and except that where the order      does not relate either to transportation or to a matter so      complained of before the commission the matter covered by the      order shall be deemed to arise in the district where one of      the petitioners in court has either its principal office or      its principal operating office. In case such transportation     relates to a through shipment the term 'destination' shall be      construed as meaning final destination of such shipment.'

We find no provision of the applicable statutes which deprives a District Court of jurisdiction of a suit brought by a party entitled to attack an order of the Interstate Commerce Commission in accordance with these provisions as to venue. But the existence of jurisdiction does not mean that it must be exercised and that grounds may not be shown for staying the hand of the Court. Compare Langnes v. Green, 282 U.S. 531, 51 S.C.t. 243, 75 L. Ed. 520, decided Feb. 24. The appellants, upon proper application, could have been allowed to intervene in the earlier suit brought for the same purpose in the District Court for the Western District of Kentucky (U.S.C.ode. tit. 28, § 45a (28 USCA § 45a)), and could have presented there all of their grounds of attack upon the orders in question. The orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission may apply throughout the country, and there may be cases where the convenience of the parties and the interests of justice may make appropriate separate suits by different parties affected by the same order. The question is thus one for the sound discretion of the District Court, in which such a suit is brought, to determine whether it should be permitted to continue or proceedings therein should be stayed, pending the final outcome of an earlier suit for the same purpose, to the end that there may not be a multiplicity of suits without substantial reason. As, however, the defendants here did not raise the question of the pendency of the earlier suit until the day of final hearing, several months after the suit was begun, we see no reason for disturbing the action of the District Court in this respect.

Upon the merits, the appellants present the argument that a railway company, in the transportation or movement of an office car of another carrier, acts in the capacity of a private carrier, or bailee, and retains full freedom of contract in relation to such transportation. There is no doubt that common carriers, subject to the Interstate Commerce Act, may have activities which lie outside the performance of their duties as common carriers and are not subject to the provisions of the act. Santa Fe, Prescott & Phoenix Railway Company v. Grant Brothers Construction Company, 228U. S. 177, 188, 33 S.C.t. 474, 57 L. Ed. 787; Terminal Taxicab Company v. Kutz, 241 U.S. 252, 36 S.C.t. 583, 60 L. Ed. 984, Ann. Cas. 1916D, 765. But a common carrier dealing with transportation that is subject to the act cannot escape its statutory obligations by calling itself a private carrier as to such transportation. This applies to its transactions with other carriers. See New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company v. Interstate Commerce Commission, 200 U.S. 361, 391, 392, 26 S.C.t. 272, 50 L. Ed. 515; Interstate Commerce Commission v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, 225 U.S. 326, 341, 342, 32 S.C.t. 742, 56 L. Ed. 1107, Ann. Cas. 1914A, 504. Upon grounds which have been stated in the opinion of the Court in the Louisville & Nashville Case, supra, we have concluded that, in view of the facts found by the Commission, the transportation of the cars in question falls within the provisions of the Interstate Commerce Act, and that the order of the Commission in directing the carriers to cease and desist from transporting such cars free or at less than published transportation rates was within its authority.

With respect to the contention that the Commission's order undertakes to regulate movements of office cars in intrastate commerce, it is enough to say that no such complaint was made in the petition in this suit. The Commission's order is construed as intended to apply to transportation within the purview of the Interstate Commerce Act, and no different application of it is disclosed by the record.

Decree affirmed.