Home for Incurables v. New York/Opinion of the Court

The plaintiff insists here that the state court, by its final judgment, refused to recognize certain rights belonging to it under the Constitution of the United States. But it does not appear on the face of the record that it set up or claimed any such right until the case reached this court. In Parmelee v. Lawrence, 11 Wall. 36, 38, 20 L. ed. 48, 49, this court-following the previous cases of Lawler v. Walker, 14 How. 152, 14 L. ed. 365, and Mississippi & M. R. Co. v. Rock, 4 Wall. 177, 18 L. ed. 381,-said it was essential to our jurisdiction in re-examining the judgment of the state court that the alleged conflict between the state law and the Constitution of the United States 'appear in the pleadings of the suit, or from the evidence in the course of the trial, in the instructions asked for, or from exceptions taken to the rulings of the court,' or 'it must be that such a question was necessarily involved in the decision, and that the state court would not have given a judgment without deciding it.' Later cases in this court have expressed the additional thought that if the highest court of the state assumes that the record sufficiently presents a question of Federal right and decides against the party claiming such right, we will look no further, and will proceed to a consideration of that question, unless the decision is made to rest, in part, upon some ground of local law, sufficient enough in itself to sustain the judgment, independently of any question of Federal right.

In the case before us, the Home for Incurables has not brought upon the record the fact that it asserted, in the state court, any Federal right whatever. It is entirely consistent with the record that the home did not, at any time pending the case in the state court, set up or claim any such right. If our jurisdiction is invoked on the ground that the judgment of the state court has denied a right, title, privilege, or immunity secured by the Constitution of the United States, it is essential, under existing statutes, that such right, title, privilege, or immunity shall have been specially set up or claimed in the state court. Rev. Stat. 709 [U.S.C.omp. Stat. 1901, p. 575]; Armstrong v. Athens County Treasurer, 16 Pet. 281, 285, 10 L. ed. 965, 966; Mississippi & M. R. Co. v. Rock, 4 Wall. 177, 180, 18 L. ed. 381, 382; Powell v. Brunswick County, 150 U.S. 433, 439, 37 L. ed. 1134, 1136, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 166; Roby v. Colehour, 146 U.S. 153, 159, 36 L. ed. 922, 924, 13 Sup. Ct. Rep. 47; F. G. Oxley Stave Co. v. Butler County, 166 U.S. 648, 654, 41 L. ed. 1149, 1151, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 709; Levy v. ''San Francisco City & County Super. Ct.'' 167 U.S. 175, 177, 42 L. ed. 126, 127, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 769.

It is true that the transcript contains the certificate of the chief judge of the court of appeals of New York, not appearing to have been by order of that court while the case was before it or under its control, which states that the home did make, in that court, the Federal questions now pressed upon our consideration. But that certificate is not properly a part of the record. While we have said in some cases that such a certificate is entitled to great respect, and, in other cases, that its office is to make that more certain and specific which is too general and indefinite in the record, it is insufficient in itself to give us jurisdiction, or to authorize us to determine Federal questions that do not appear, in any form, from the record, to have been brought to the attention of the state court. Powell v. Brunswick County, 150 U.S. 433, 439, 37 L. ed. 1134, 1136, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 166; Newport Light Co. v. Newport, 151 U.S. 527, 537, 38 L. ed. 259, 262, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 429; Yazoo & M. Valley R. Co. v. Adams, 180 U.S. 41, 47, 45 L. ed. 418, 21 Sup. Ct. Rep. 256; Felix v. Scharnweber, 125 U.S. 54, 59, 31 L. ed. 687, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 759.

Having no jurisdiction to re-examine the judgment below, the writ of error must be dismissed.