Henry v. Collins/Opinion of the Court

The petitions for certiorari are granted. The judgments are reversed.

After petitioner's arrest on a charge of disturbing the peace, he issued a statement to the effect that this arrest was the result of 'a diabolical plot,' in which respondents, the County Attorney and Chief of Police of Clarksdale, were implicated. Respondents brought suits for libel and obtained jury verdicts. The Supreme Court of Mississippi affirmed. Miss., 158 So.2d 28; Miss., 158 So.2d 695.

The following instructions requested by the respondents, approved by the trial judge, were read to the jury:

'The court instructs the jury for the plaintiff that malice     does not necessarily mean hatred or ill will, but that malice      may consist merely of culpable recklessness or a wilful and      wanton disregard of the rights and interests of the person      defamed.'

The jury, was also instructed, at respondents' request, that

' * *  * (I)f you believe from the evidence that defendant      published a false statement charging that his arrest *  *  *      was the result of a diabolical plot *  *  *, you may infer      malice, as defined in these instructions, from the falsity      and libelous nature of the statement, although malice as a      legal presumption does not arise from the fact that the      statement in question is false and libelous. It is for you to     determine as a fact, if you have first determined from the      evidence that defendant published the statement in question      and that it is false, whether or not the statement in      question was actually made with malice.'

The jury might well have understood these instructions to allow recovery on a showing of intent to inflict harm, rather than intent to inflict harm through falsehood. See Garrison v. Louisiana, 379 U.S. 64, 73, 85 S.Ct. 209, 215, 13 L.Ed.2d 125. 'The constitutional guarantees * *  * (prohibit) a public official from recovering damages for a defamatory falsehood relating to his official conduct unless he proves that the statement was made *  *  * with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not.' New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 279-280, 84 S.Ct. 710, 725-726, 11 L.Ed.2d 686.

For the reasons set out in their respective concurring opinions in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 293-305, 84 S.Ct. 710, 733-739, 11 L.Ed.2d 686, and Garrison v. Louisiana, 379 U.S. 64, 79-88, 85 S.Ct. 209, 222, 13 L.Ed.2d 125, Mr. Justice Black, Mr. Justice Douglas and Mr. Justice Goldberg concur in reversal of these judgments, not merely for error in the instructions read to the jury, but on the ground that it would violate the First and Fourteenth Amendments to subject petitioner to any libel judgment solely because of his publication of criticisms against respondents' performance of their public duties.

Reversed.