Hand-book of Volapük/27

= THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS AND ADVERBS =

Since many English words are used both as conjunctions and as adverbs, we group together the principal difficulties of both these parts of speech.

But, as a preposition, has been explained. But, as a conjunction, is ab or sod. Sod is only used after a negativ ; it is not this, but (on the contrary) that. Even in this case ab may be used. "Not only --- but also ---," is expressed by ,,noe --- soi."

And, e before vowels ed is used, though not by all writers. For "both --- and ---" ,,&auml; --- &auml; ---" is used.

As, like in the same manner as, &auml;s; as , in the capacity of, as. The verb is generally omitted in the latter case. As, since, for the reason that, bi.

Before, as a preposition, has been explained. Before, as a conjunction, is b&uuml;fo ; look before you leap; before as an adverb of time, b&uuml;fumo ; you said that before.

That, as a pronoun, at; atos. That, as a conjunction, has two meanings expressed by dat and das. Dat means, in order that, for the purpose that. Das merely introduces a subordinate sentence as a member of a principal one, as, I said

that he would come. The subordinate sentence "he would come" introduced by that, is the object ; that shows it to be subordinate.

Though, conjunction, or although, do. Though, adverb, nevertheless, deno.

Also, i , or id before vowels.

Nor, ni. "Neither --- nor ---," ,, ni --- ni ---. "

If, provided, if. If, whether, va.

Even if, ifi.

Until, till, conjunction, j&uuml;s as a preposition, j&uuml; al, j&uuml; in , etc.

After, conjunction, na preposition,  pos adverb, poso.

Or, u , or ud before vowels. "Either --- or ---," ,, uf --- ud ---."

When, conjunction, ven, k&uuml;, kel&uuml;p when ? ki&uuml;p ? kitim ? when, whereupon, e t&auml;no.

Where, conjunction, k&ouml;, kel&ouml;p where ? ki&ouml;p ? kiplad ?

Yet, referring to time, nog yet , nevertheless, yed.

There, when unemphatic, is frequently untranslatable, as in the phrases, there is, there are. There is, there are, have quite a different meaning, there being taking in the sense of yonder.

