Hand-book of Volapük/16

THE PARTICIPLE
The participle is a verb-adjectiv. Its ending is -&ouml;l, corresponding to -ing, -ed. It may be in the activ or passiv voice, and in any tense, tho' the pat&uuml;p, pet&uuml;p and pot&uuml;p are the most common.

Log&ouml;l, seeing. Elog&ouml;l, having seen. Olog&ouml;l, about to see, being about to see. Palog&ouml;l, seen, being seen. Pelog&ouml;l, seen, having been seen. Polog&ouml;l, about to be seen.

It is often necessary to examin English passiv participles very carefully, to determine what tense they really signify.

The house seeri in the distance, dom palog&ouml;l in fog. The house built on a rock, dom pebum&ouml;l su klif.

If we turn the sentence into the activ form it will be clearer. The house which we see in the distance. The house which some one has built (not is building) on a rock.

There is another form of the participle, slightly differing from the future, and having the augment &ouml; instead of o. Its meaning is that which must or ought to do something, or that which must or ought to be done.

&Ouml;bin&ouml;l, that which ought to be. P&ouml;fin&ouml;l, to be finished. P&ouml;ks p&ouml;menod&ouml;l, errors to be corrected. P&ouml;ks pomenod&ouml;l, errors which will be corrected.