Farncomb v. City and County of Denver/Opinion of the Court

Suit was brought in the district court of the city and county of Denver by the plaintiffs in error to enjoin the city from enforcing an assessment ordinance passed to raise the necessary means to pay for certain park improvements and the construction of boulevards and streets in the city of Denver.

The charter of the city of Denver was before this court in Londoner v. City and County of Denver, 210 U.S. 373, 28 Sup. Ct. 708, 52 L. Ed. 1103. Sections 298 and 299 of the charter provided that the board of local improvements shall prepare a statement showing the costs of improvements, interest, cost of collection, etc., and apportion the same upon each lot or tract of land to be assessed, shall cause the same to be certified by the president, and filed in the office of the clerk. The clerk shall then by advertisement in some newspaper of general circulation, published in the city and county, notify the owners of the real estate to be assessed and all persons interested that said improvements have been or will be completed, and shall specify the whole cost of the improvement, and the share so apportioned to each lot, or tract of land, or person, and any complaint or objection that may be made in writing by such persons or owners to the board of supervisors, and filed with the clerk within 60 days from the first publication of such notice, shall be heard and determined by the board of supervisors at its first regular meeting after 60 days, and before the passage of any ordinance assessing the cost of the improvements.

'At the meeting specified in said notice, or any adjournment     thereof, the board of supervisors, sitting as a board of      equalization, shall hear and determine all such complaints      and objections, and may recommend to the board of public      works any modification of their apportionments; the board of      public works may thereupon make such modifications and changes as to      them may seem equitable and just, and may confirm the first      apportionment and shall notify the council of their final      decision; and the council shall thereupon, by ordinance,      assess the costs of said improvements against all the real      estate in said district and against such persons,      respectivel,  in the proportions above mentioned.'

'When the cost of any such park site or parkway is definitely     determined, the park commission shall prepare, certify and      file with the clerk a statement showing the cost thereof as      required in section 298 hereof; the clerk shall thereupon      give the notice required by section 299 hereof; and thereupon      the same proceedings required in section 300 hereof shall be      had, except that the proceedings therein provided to be      observed by the board shall be observed by the park      commission; and the council shall thereupon by ordinance      assess the cost against the other real estate as aforesaid,      in the district, in accordance with said apportionments.'

The federal question, brought before us by the writ of error, concerns the constitutionality of section 300, above set forth-the contention being that it does not give interested property owners the opportunity to be heard where the property is to be specially assessed for making improvements of the character in question, as the hearing provided is before a board which has no power to decide any complaint which the property owner may have or make with respect to the validity or falseness of such assessment, or to correct any error in such assessment, but only has power to recommend to the power or authority, originally making the assessment, any modifications of portions of such assessment; that is, that the board of supervisors has only the power to recommend to the board of park commissioners the apportionment to be made in the assessment. It is the contention of the plaintiffs in error that the hearing thus afforded does not give due process of law within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Supreme Court of Colorado, affirming the judgment of the district court, denied this contention, and affirmed the judgment of the district court sustaining the validity of the assessment. 171 Pac. 66.

The Supreme Court of Colorado held that the question had already been disposed of by its own previous decision, affirmed as to the constitutional point by our decision in Londoner v. Denver, 210 U.S. 373, 28 Sup. Ct. 708, 52 L. Ed. 1103, supra. In Londoner v. Denver the section of the charter now involved was before this court, being then section 31 of the charter. Section 300 to all intents is the same in terms as section 31, except that the board of supervisors, sitting as a board of equalization, is substituted for the city council.

This court when dealing with the constitutionality of state statutes, challenged under the Fourteenth Amendment, accepts the meaning thereof as construed by the highest court of the state. St. Louis & Kansas City Land Co. v. Kansas City, 241 U.S. 419, 427, 36 Sup. Ct. 647, 60 L. Ed. 1072.

In Londoner v. Denver this court accepted, as it was bound to do, the construction of the charter made by the state court, and upon that construction determined its constitutional validity. The city charter was construed in the Supreme Court in 33 Colo. 104, 80 Pac. 117. In the opinion in that case, after discussing the steps required in making improvements of the character involve here, the court, in dealing with section 31, said (33 Colo. 117, 80 Pac. 121):

'Notwithstanding the apparently mandatory words used in     section 31, supra, we do not think that thereby the      legislative power and discretion of the city council is taken      away and vested in the board of public works, but that the      former, in the exercise of its functions, is empowered to      pass an assessing ordinance charging property with the cost      of an improvement, which, according to its judgment, would be      just and equitable.' Adopting this construction of the section, and considering the objection urged that it would not afford due process of law, this court by Mr. Justice Moody said (210 U.S. 379, 28 Sup. Ct. 711, 52 L. Ed. 1103):

'The ninth assignment questions the constitutionality of that     part of the law which authorizes the assessment of benefits.I      t seems desirable, for the proper disposition of this and the      next assignment, to state the construction which the Supreme      Court gave to the charter. This may be found in the judgment     under review and two cases decided with it. Denver v.     Kennedy, 33 Colo. 80 [80 Pac. 122, 467]; Denver v. Dumars, 33     Colo. 94 [80 Pac. 114]. From these cases it appears that the     lien upon the adjoining land arises out of the assessment;      after the cost of the work and the provisional apportionment      is certified to the city council the landowners affected are      afforded an opportunity to be heard upon the validity and      amount of the assessment by the council sitting as a board of      equalization; if any further notice than the notice to file      complaints and objections is required, the city authorities      have the implied power to give it; the hearing must be before      the assessment is made; this hearing, provided for by section      31, is one where the board of equalization 'shall hear the      parties complaining and such testimony as they may offer in      support of their complaints and objections as would be      competent and relevant' (33 Colo. 97 [80 Pac. 114]); and that      the full hearing before the board of equalization excludes      the courts from entertaining any objections which are      cognizable by this board. The statute itself, therefore, is     clear of all constitutional faults.'

Plaintiffs in error did not avail themselves of the privilege of a hearing as provided by this section, but after the assessing ordinance had been passed began this proceeding in the district court to test the constitutionality of the law. As we have said, the question as to what should be a proper construction of the charter provision was not for our decision; that matter was within the sole authority of the state court, and was disposed of, as the Supreme Court of Colorado held, by the former cases reported in 33 Colorado, and by our decision based upon that construction in Londoner v. Denver, 210 U.S. 373, 28 Sup. Ct. 708, 52 L. Ed. 1103, supra. As the plaintiffs in error had an opportunity to be heard before the board duly constituted by section 300, they cannot be heard to complain now. It follows that the judgment of the Supreme Court of Colorado must be

Affirmed.