Erie Railroad Company v. Solomon/Opinion of the Court

Solomon, the defendant in error, sued to recover for personal injuries suffered by him while he was working as a brakeman on a switch engine in the yard of the defendant company at Youngstown, Ohio. The negligence charged was that the tender of the engine had a defective coupler in that the knuckle and pin on the same could not be worked without going between the cars, and that the drawbar had so much side play that it would not meet the couplers of other cars and therefore would not automatically couple by impact. The first defect may be put out of view as the jury found it did not exist. As to the second, the respective contentions at the trial were, on the part of the plaintiff, that the play of the drawbar was so great as to cause the coupler to be defective, and on the part of the defendant, that while the drawbar may have had some side play, it only existed to the degree which was essential in such an appliance, and therefore there was no defect. The trial court submitted the case to the jury on the theory that the coupler was defective if it had an unusual side play, and conversely that it was not if it did not have such a degree of side play. From the pleadings and the course of the trial there is no room for dispute that the case was tried upon the theory that the right to recover was based on the safety appliance law of Ohio, substantially identical in its terms with the safety appliance law of the United States. The judgment on the verdict of the jury in favor of the plaintiff was affirmed without opinion by the circuit court and again affirmed without opinion by the supreme Court of Ohio, to which judgment the writ of error now before us was prosecuted.

Confining the case to the statement just made, it is beyond dispute that there is no jurisdiction to review, but it is insisted that the case is not so confined because, after affirmance, the court below entered an order which it directed should be made part of the record, certifying that, in deciding the case, it became necessary for it to consider whether the United States safety appliance law was applicable, and whether, as construed by the trial court, the state law, if applicable, was not repugnant to the due process clause of the 14th Amendment. But assuming that the recited Federal questions are in the record and require consideration, they are so without merit and frivolous as not to give basis for jurisdiction: First, because such plainly is the result of the contention that error to the prejudice of the defendant company concerning the United States safety appliance law, if that law applied, was committed by instructing that it exacted a usual, that is, ordinary, degree of care in the applicances to which that act related. And second, because a like view inevitably is necessary concerning the contention that the state safety appliance law, if it applied, would be repugnant to the 14th Amendment if it exacted a usual and ordinary degree of care. But this is not adequate to dispose of the case, since the argument is that error as to the recited Federal question directly arose from the refusal of the court to instruct a verdict for the railroad company on the ground that there was no proof tending to show an unusual or any defect in the coupler, thereby permitting the jury to find a liability under the law of the United States where none existed, and under the theory of the application of the state law, causing such law to impose a liability for an appliance which was not defective, and hence to take property without due process of law. But while the proposition changes the form of the contention, it does not change the substance of things, since we are of the opinion, after an examination of the record, that the contention that the case should have been taken from the jury on the ground stated is so wholly devoid of merit and wanting in substance as to afford no basis for jurisdiction. As a proposition which is unsubstantial and frivolous cannot be made substantial by asserting another proposition of the same character, it results that there is no ground for the exercise of jurisdiction, and the writ of error is therefore dismissed for want of jurisdiction.