Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Anchises

ANCHI'SES, a son of Capys and Themis, the daughter of Ilus. His descent is traced by Aeneas, his son (Hom. Il. xx. 208, &c.), from Zeus himself. (Comp. Apollod. iii. 12. § 2; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 1232.) Hyginus (Fab. 94) makes him a son of Assaracus and grandson of Capys. Anchises was related to the royal house of Troy and king of Dardanus on mount Ida. In beauty he equalled the immortal gods, and was beloved by Aphrodite, by whom he became the father of Aeneas. (Hom. Il. ii. 820; Hes. Theog. 1008; Apollod. Hygin. ll. cc.) According to the Homeric hymn on Aphrodite (45, &c.), the goddess had visited him in the disguise of a daughter of the Phrygian king Otreus. On parting from him, she made herself known, and announced to him that he would be the father of a son, Aeneas, but she commanded him to give out that the child was a son of a nymph, and added the threat that Zeus would destroy him with a flash of lightning if he should ever betray the real mother. When, therefore, on one occasion Anchises lost controul over his tongue and boasted of his intercourse with the goddess, he was struck by a flash of lightning, which according to some traditions killed, but according to others only blinded or lamed him. (Hygin. l.c.; Serv. ad Aen. ii. 648.) Virgil in his Aeneid makes Anchises survive the capture of Troy, and Aeneas carries his father oil his shoulders from the burning city, that he might be assisted by his wise counsel during the voyage, for Virgil, after the example of Ennius, attributes prophetic powers to Anchises. (Aen. ii. 687, with Serv. note.) According to Virgil, Anchises died soon after the first arrival of Aeneas in Sicily, and was buried on mount Eryx. (Aen. iii. 710, v. 759, &c.) This tradition seems to have been firmly believed in Sicily, and not to have been merely an invention of the poet, for Dionysius of Halicarnassus (i. 53) states, that Anchises had a sanctuary at Egesta, and the funeral games celebrated in Sicily in honour of Anchises seem to have continued down to a late period. (Ov. Fast. iii. 543.) According to other traditions Anchises died and was buried in Italy. (Dionys. i. 64; Strab. v. p. 229; Aurel. Vict. De Orig. Gent. Rom. 10, &c.) A tradition preserved in Pausanias (viii. 12. § 5) states, that Anchises died in Arcadia, and was buried there by his son at the foot of a hill, which received from him the name of Anchisia. There were, however, some other places besides which boasted of possessing the tomb of Anchises; for some said, that he was buried on mount Ida, in accordance with the tradition that he was killed there by Zeus (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 894), and others, that he was interred in a place on the gulf of Thermus near the Hellespont. (Conon 46.) According to Apollodorus (iii. 12. § 2), Anchises had by Aphrodite a second son, Lyrus or Lyrnus, and Homer (Hom. Il. xiii. 429) calls Hippodameia the eldest of the daughters of Anchises, but does not mention her mother's name. An Anchises of Sicyon occurs in Il. xxiii. 296.