Davis v. Las Ovas Company/Opinion of the Court

From the facts found by both courts it appears:--

a. That the appellants and certain other persons, not parties to this suit, signed an agreement on March 19, 1904, by which they agreed to purchase for a corporation which they were to organize a specified part of a tract of land in Cuba called the Las Ovas plantation, for the price of $34,000, to which it was later agreed to add another small parcel at an additional price of $1,000.

b. It was further agreed that they should organize a corporation, of which they should be the incorporators, with a capital stock of $150,000, and that 40 per cent of the shares should be issued to them for service as promoters and that the remaining stock should be subscribed for by them. For this subscribed stock they were to pay an amount sufficient to cover the purchase money of $35,000 and to create an expense fund of $5,000.

c. It was agreed that the property should, when acquired, be placed in the hands of one of the group of promoters until the formation of the company, and then conveyed to it.

d. The scheme was one originated and engineered by the appellants, who, at the time of this agreement, had already secretly secured an option for themselves for the purchase of this property at the price of $20,000. To conceal the true consideration from their associates they caused the property to be conveyed by the vendor to one Escalante, a stranger selected by them. The deed to Escalante recited the true consideration. Later, in pursuance of the promoters' agreement, they caused Escalante to convey to the member of the syndicate selected to hold the title until organization, reciting a consideration of $35,000.

The corporation was organized as planned. The promoters' shares were duly issued and the remaining shares taken by the promoters upon the agreed terms, its officers and directors being composed exclusively of the members of the syndicate. Thereupon the property was transferred to the company and paid for, through appellants, out of the proceeds of the subscribed stock.

The result of the transaction was that the corporation was required to pay to those who had assumed to act for and represent it, a secret profit of $15,000 and also to compensate them for their services in buying the land and organizing the company by issuing to each of them $15,000 in nonassessable shares of its stock.

The decree below required the appellants to account for the profits realized by them, in part traced to certain shares in their hands, and to surrender for cancelation the shares issued to them as promoters.

It is now said that the corporation was 'a mere convenient receptacle for the property, erected for the convenience of the syndicate.' That the property was bought by the syndicate for their own advantage, and that the corporation included only the members of the syndicate. That the stock of the company was all taken by the syndicate, who, for property which was their own, agreed to pay enough to cover the purchase price and create a small expense fund.

Upon this contention it is urged that the corporation has no right to the relief sought, as the whole transaction was a mere form adopted by the parties for their own convenience as owners of the property and owners of the corporation. It is then said: 'If we admit, for the purposes of this point, that appellants did deceive some of the syndicate, what has the company to do with it? For this they cite Old Dominion Copper Min. & Smelting Co. v. Lewisohn, 210 U.S. 206, 52 L. ed. 1025, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep. 634, where it was held that a subordinate fraud practised by some of the promoters of a corporation upon some of their associates was a matter wholly between them and the syndicate, which gave rise to no corporate right of action in the absence of innocent incorporators or stockholders.

But that is not this case. Some of those, if not all, interested by appellants in the property and in its purchase for a proposed consideration were ignorant of the real price which they were to pay for it, and were not, therefore, in complicity with their scheme to make a secret profit. These innocent members of the syndicate became stock subscribers and directors of the company, as did appellants. The buyers and sellers were not the same. Those of the syndicate assuming to act for the corporation in acquiring the property were under obligation to disclose the truth and deal openly. In the absence of such disclosure the corporate assent was obtained on false grounds. The wrong was done when those members of the syndicate not in complicity with appellants subscribed to the stock to the company and aided their guilty associate managers in the corporate action necessary to the corporate acquisition of the property at the exaggerated price placed upon it by those who were to realize a secret profit. Thus, the original fraud practised upon some of those associated with them in the promoters' arrangement became operative against the corporation itself. The standing of the corporation results from the fact that there were innocent and deceived members of the corporation when the property was taken over by it.

Neither is the corporate right of action defeated by the fact that the recovery will inure to the guilty as well as to the innocent, nor is the fact that all of the parties who may have shared in the secret profits are not sued fatal to the case. The corporation may well sue either one or all of those who received secret profits. There is no want of necessary parties because all are not here sued.

The distinction between a case in which all of the owners of the property and all of the members of the buying corporation are the same persons, and participate in the profit realized, and the case here presented, is fully recognized in Old Dominion Copper Min. & Smelting Co. v. Lewisohn, as well as in New Sombrero Phosphate Co. v. Erlanger, L. R. 5 Ch. Div. 73, 46 L. J. Ch. N. S. 425, 36 L. T. N. S. 222, 25 Week, Rep. 436, and in the well-considered opinion of Judge Severens in Yeiser v. United States Board & Paper Co. 52 L.R.A. 724, 46 C. C. A. 567, 107 Fed. 340.

There was no error in canceling the shares issued to the plaintiffs in error for promotion of the corporation. They and the other members of the syndicate received these shares upon the assumption that they had in good faith served the corporation in the procurement of the property. Obviously appellants were serving themselves to the detriment of the corporation and innocent subscribers to its stock. In such a situation the corporation may recover the shares.

The decree will be affirmed.