Civilization and Beyond/suggested

Among the books consulted in preparation of this essay on civilization as a social institution, UNESCO _History of Mankind_ holds first place. The authors describe the work as "the first global history, planned and executed from an international viewpoint". The subtitle of the six volumes is "Cultural and Scientific Development".

The work is published under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization by an International Commission presided over by Professor Pauls E. deBerredo Carneiro of Brazil. The Commission consists of 23 members, mostly academicians from 23 countries. The commission also has a corresponding membership of 93 drawn chiefly from the academic personnel of 42 countries.

Textual material for the _History of Mankind _was prepared and edited by hundreds of experts in the widely ranging fields covered by the _History_. Final approval of the text came from the Commission. In cases where there were differences of opinion or of interpretation, varying and opposing points of view are presented.

_The History of Mankind _is in six volumes.

I. Prehistory and The Beginnings of Civilization.

II. The Ancient World.

III. The World A.D. 400 to A.D. 1300.

IV. The World A.D. 1300 to the End of the Eighteenth Century.

V. The World in the Nineteenth Century.

VI. The Twentieth Century. All but the first volume of the _History_ deal with the epoch during which civilization has played a fateful role in world affairs.

Professor Arnold J. Toynbee's ten volume _Study of History_ is concerned chiefly with the rise and decline of those civilizations which have left a noteworthy historical record. His emphasis is geographical and political rather than cultural and social. The same thing may be said of other histories of civilization. They stress personalities, nations and empires.

There are few books which approach the study of civilization as a stage or level of human culture. Among them are:

Abbott, Wilbur C, The Expansion of Europe, N.Y.: Holt, 1918. 2 vols.

Adams, Brooks, The Law of Civilization and Decay, N.Y.: Knopf, 1943.

Adams, Brooks, The New Empire, N.Y.: MacMillian, 1902.

Adams, George B., Civilization During the Middle Ages, N.Y.: Scribners, 1914.

Albanes, Ricardo C, La Civilizacion y el Communismo Marxista, Habana: Cultural S.A., 1937.

Ashley, Percy W., Europe from Waterloo to Sarajero, N.Y.: Knopf, 1926.

Baikie, James, The Life of the Ancient East, N.Y.: MacMillan, 1923.

Ballester Escalas, Rafael, Historia de la Civilizaciones, Barcelona: Gasso, 1961.

Balmes, Jaime Luciano, La Civilizacion, Barcelona: Lopez Lansas, 1922.

Barnes, Harry E., A Social History of the Western World, N.Y.: Appleton, 1921.

Barnes, Harry E., A Survey of Western Civilization, N.Y.: Crowall, 1947.

Bell, Clive, Civilization, an Essay, London: Chatto and Windus, 1928.

Blackmar, Frank W., History of Human Society, N.Y.: Scribners, 1926.

Bornet-Perrier, Paul, L'Unité Humaine, Paris: Alcan, 1931.

Bose, Pramatha, Epochs of Civilization, Calcutta: Newman, 1913.

Breasted, James H., A History of Egypt, London: Hodder and Stoughten, 1921.

Brier, Royce, Western World, Garden City: Doubleday, 1946.

Briere, Yves de la, Grands Imperialismes Contemporaires, Anvers: Association des Licencées de St. Ignace, 1925.

Brodeur, Arthur G., The Pageant of Civilization, N.Y.:  McBride, 1931.

Brown, Lawrence R., The Might of the West, NY.: Obolensky,  1963.

Bruce, Maurice, The Shaping of the Modern World 1870-1914,  N.Y.: Random House, 1958.

Brugmans, Hendrik, Les Origines de la Civilization, Liege: Georges Thone, 1958.

Bryce, James, Holy Roman Empire, London: MacMillan, 1903.

Burns, Edward M., Western Civilizations, Their History and Their Culture, N.Y.: Norton, 1968. 2 vols.

Burns, Emile, Imperialism, London: Labor Research Department,  1927.

Callot, Emile, Civilization et Civilizations, Paris: Berger-Levrault,  1954.

Casson, Stanley, Progress and Catastrophe, London: Hamilton,  1937.

Chapot, Victor, The Roman World, London: Paul, 1928.

Childe, V. Gordon, New Light on the Most Ancient East, London:  Kegan Paul, 1934.

Clough, Shepard B., Basic Values of Western Civilization, N.Y.:  Columbia University Press, 1960.

Clough, Shepard B., Rise and Fall of Civilization, N.Y.: Columbia  University Press, 1957.

Crozier, John B., Civilization and Progress, London: Longmans,  1892.

Cunningham, William, Western Civilization, Cambridge: University  Press, 1900.

Demangeon, Albert, Le Declin de l'Europe, Paris: Payot, 1920.

Dorpsch, Alfons, Economic and Social Foundations of Western Civilization, N.Y.: Harcourt, 1937.

Douglas, Sholto O.G., A Theory of Civilization, N.Y.: MacMillan,  1914.

Elias, Norbert, Uber den Prozess der Zivilisation, Basel: Falken,  1939.

Farrington, Benjamin, Science and Politics in the Ancient World,  London: Allen and Unwin, 1939.

Fischer, Eric, Passing of the European Age, Cambridge: Harvard  University Press, 1943.

Fleiweiling, Ralph T., The Survival of Western Culture, N.Y.:  Harper, 1943.

Forrest, J.D., Development of Western Civilization, Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1907.

Fougeres, Gustav and others, Les Premiers Civilisations, Paris:  Alcan, 1926.

Frank, Tenney, Economic History of Rome, Baltimore: John  Hopkins Press, 1927. 2nd ed.

Frank, Tenney, Roman Imperialism, N.Y.: MacMillan, 1914.

Freud, Sigmund, Civilization and its Discontents, N.Y.: Norton,  1961.

Friedell, Egon, A Culture History of the Modern World, N.Y.:  Knopf, 1930.

Friedjung, Heinrich, Das Zeitalter des Imperialismus, Berlin:  Neufeld und Henius, 1914. 3 vols.

Georg, Eugen, The Adventure of Mankind, N.Y.: Dutton, 1931.

Glotz, Gustav, Aegean Civilization, N.Y.: Knopf, 1925.

Goddard, Edward H. and Gibbons, P.A., Civilization or Civilizations,  London: Constable, 1926.

Gollwitzer, Heinz, Europe in the Age of Imperialism, N.Y.:  Harcourt, Brace, 1969.

Goshal, Kumar, People in Colonies, N.Y.: Sheridan House, 1948.

Grigg, Edward W.M., The Greatest Experiment in History,  New Haven: Yale University Press, 1924.

Guizot, F.P., Histoire de la Civilisation en Europe, N.Y.: Appleton,  1938.

Gupta, N.K., The March of Civilization, Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo  Ashram, 1959.

Haas, William, What Is Civilization, London: Oxford University  Press, 1929.

Hankins, Frank H., The Racial Basis of Civilization, N.Y.: Knopf,  1926.

Harris, George, Civilization Considered as a Science, London:  Bell and Daldy, 1872.

Heard, Gerald, The Source of Civilization, London: Cape, 1935.

Hertzler, G.O., The Social Thought of the Ancient Civilizations,  N.Y.: McGraw Hill, 1938.

Hubbard, Arthur J., The Fate of Empires, London: Longmans,  1913.

Innes, Harold B., Empire and Communication, Oxford: Clarendon,  1950.

Louis, Paul, Ancient Rome at Work, N.Y.: Knopf, 1927.

Lowie, Robert H., [[Are We Civilized?[[ N.Y.: Harcourt Brace,  1929.

Lubbock, John, The Origin of Civilization, London: Longmans,  1875.

McCabe, Joseph, The Evolution of Civilization, London: Watts,  1921.

Majewski, Erasme de, La Theorie de l'Homme et de la Civilisation,  Paris: Le Soudier, 1911.

Majewski, Erasme de, La Science de la Civilisation, Paris: Alcan, 1908.

Maritain, Jacques, Twilight of Civilization, N.Y.: Sheed and  Ward, 1943.

Marshak, Alexander, The Roots of Civilization, N.Y.: McGraw  Hill, 1972.

Marvin, F.S. ed., The Unity of Western Civilization, London:  Oxford University Press, 1929.

Means, Philip A., Ancient Civilizations of the Andes, N.Y.:  Scribners, 1931.

Moraze, Charles, Essai sur la Civilisation d'Occident, Paris:  Colin, 1950.

Moret, A. and Davy, G., From Tribe to Empire, N.Y.: Knopf,  1926.

Morgan, L.H., Ancient Society, N.Y.: Holt, 1907.

Morris, Charles, Civilization: An Historical Review of Its Elements,  Chicago: Griggs, 1890.

Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, N.Y.: Harcourt  Brace, 1934.

Pendell, Elmer, The Next Civilization, Dallas: Royal, 1970.

Quigley, Carroll, The Evolution of Civilizations, N.Y.:  MacMillan, 1961.

Randall, Henry J., The Creative Centuries, N.Y.: Longmans, 1944.

Rod, Edouard, L'Imperialisme, Paris: Revue des Deux Mondes, 1907.

Rostovtzeff, Mikhail I., Economic and Social History of the Roman Empire, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926.

Schneider, Hermann, The History of World Civilization, N.Y.:  Harcourt Brace, 1932. 2 vols.

Schumpter, Joseph, Zur Soziologiedes Imperialismus, Tubingen:  Mohr, 1919.

Schrecker, Paul, Work and History, Princeton:  University of Princeton Press, 1948.

Schweitzer, Albert, The Philosophy of Civilization, N.Y.:  MacMillan, 1949.

Seignobos, Charles, The Rise of European Civilization, N.Y.:  Knopf, 1938.

Sellery, George C., The Founding of Western Civilization, N.Y.:  Harper, 1929.

Spengler, Oswald, Decline of the West, N.Y.: Knopf, 1928.

Swain, Edgar S., A History of World Civilization, N.Y.:  McGraw Hill, 1938.

Toynbee, Arnold J., A Study of History, N.Y.: Oxford, 10 vols.

UNESCO, Scientific and Cultural History of Mankind, N.Y.:  Harper and Row, 6 vols.

Walker, C.C., The Biology of Civilization, N.Y.: MacMillan, 1930.

Walsh, Correa Moylan, The Climax of Civilization, N.Y.:  Sturgis, 1917.

Wells, H.G., The Salvaging of Civilization, N.Y.: MacMillan,  1922.

Widney, Joseph, Civilizations, their Diseases and Rebuilding,  Los Angeles: Pacific Publishing Co., 1937.

Zimmern, Alfred E., Greek Commonwealth, Oxford, Clarendon  Press, 1911.