Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Trifarious Tunny

Trifarious, trī-fā′ri-us, adj. arranged in three rows: facing three ways.

Trifid, trī′fid, adj. three-cleft.

Trifle, trī′fl, v.i. to act or talk lightly: to indulge in light or silly amusements: to waste or spend idly or unprofitably (with).—n. anything of little value: a light confection of whipped cream or white of egg, with fruit, wine, &c.—n. '.—adj. ', of small value or importance: trivial.—adv. '.—n. '. [O. Fr. trufle, dim. of truffe, a gibe, also a truffle.]

Triflorous, trī-flō′rus, adj. three-flowered.—Also .

Trifoliate, -d, trī-fō′li-āt, -ed, adj. three-leaved.—ns. ', a genus of small plants of the bean family—the clovers with trifoliate leaves and purple, red, white, or yellow flowers; ' (Browning), trefoil. [L. tres, three, folium, leaf.]

Triforium, trī-fō′ri-um, n. the arcade over the arches of a church between nave and side aisles:—pl. . [L. tri, tris, thrice, foris, a door.]

Triform, trī′form, adj. having a triple form—also '.—n. '.—adj. . [L. triformis—tres, three, forma, form.]

Trifurcate, -d, trī-fur′kāt, -ed, adj. having three forks or branches.—v.i. ', to divide into three parts.—n. '. [L. trifurcus—tri, tris, thrice, furca, a fork.]

Trig, trig, adj. trim, neat: tight, sound.—n. a dandy.—adv. '.—n. '. [Prob. Scand., Ice. tryggr, fine.]

Trig, trig, n. a skid for a wheel, &c.: the mark for players at skittles, &c.—v.t. to stop, to obstruct, to skid.

Trigamous, trig′am-us, adj. (bot.) having three sorts of flowers, male, female, and hermaphrodite, in the same flower-head.—ns. ', one who marries three wives; ', the state of having three husbands or wives at the same time. [Gr. tri, tris, three, gamos, marriage.]

Trigeminal, trī-jem′i-nal, adj. triple, threefold.—adj. ', born three at a birth.—n. ', the trifacial nerve.

Trigger, trig′ėr, n. a catch which when pulled looses the hammer of a gun in firing: a catch to hold a wheel when driving on steep ground. [Dut. trekker—trekken, to pull.]

Trigla, trig′la, n. the typical genus of Triglidæ, the gurnards.—adj. .

Triglot, trī′glot, adj. containing three languages. [Gr. treis, three, glōssa, glōtta, tongue.]



Triglyph, trī′glif, n. a three-grooved tablet at equal distances along the frieze in Doric architecture.—adjs. ', ', consisting of, or pertaining to, triglyphs: containing three sets of characters or sculptures. [L. triglyphus—Gr. triglyphos—treis, three, glyphein, to carve.]

Trigon, trī′gon, n. a three-cornered figure, a triangle—also ': (astrol.) the junction of three signs, the zodiac being divided into four trigons—the first or watery trigon, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces; the earthly, Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; the airy, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius; the fiery, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius.—adjs. ', triangular in cross-section: three-angled, esp. in botany; ', pertaining to a trigon; ', three-angled. [Gr. trigōnon—tri, tris, thrice, gōnia, an angle.]

Trigoneutic, trī-gō-nū′tik, adj. producing three broods in a year, of insects.—n. . [Gr. treis, three, goneuein, to beget.]

Trigonocerous, trig-ō-nos′e-rus, adj. having horns with three angles.

Trigonometry, trig-ō-nom′e-tri, n. the branch of mathematics which treats of the relations between the sides and angles of triangles.—n. ', an instrument for solving plane right-angled figures by inspection.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to trigonometry: done by the rules of trigonometry.—adv. '.—Trigonometrical survey, the survey of a country by triangulation and trigonometrical calculation upon a single base. [Gr. trigōnon, a triangle, metron, a measure.]

Trigram, trī′gram, n. same as Trigraph.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. tri, tris, thrice, gramma, a letter.]

Trigraph, trī′graf, n. a combination of three letters sounded as one, a triphthong. [Gr. tri, tris, thrice, and graphē, a writing—graphein, to write.]

Trigynia, trī-jin′i-a, n. an order of plants having three pistils or styles.—n. ', a plant with three styles.—adjs. ', . [Gr. tri, tris, thrice, gynē, a woman.]

Trihedral, trī-hē′dral, adj. having three equal sides.—n. , a figure having three equal bases or sides. [Gr. treis, three, hedra, a seat.]

Trijugate, trī′jōō-gāt, adj. (bot.) having three pairs of leaflets or pinnæ.—Also .

Trilabe, trī′lāb, n. a three-pronged surgical instrument for removing calculi from the bladder. [Gr. treis, three, labē, a hold.]

Trilabiate, trī-lā′bi-āt, adj. three-lipped.

Trilaminar, trī-lam′i-nar, adj. having three laminæ, lamellæ, or layers.—Also .

Trilateral, trī-lat′ėr-al, adj. having three sides.—adv. '.—n. '. [L. tres, three, latus, side.]

Trild, trild (Spens.)=Trilled, flowed.

Trilemma, trī-lem′a, n. a dilemmatic syllogism with three alternative propositions.

Trilinear, trī-lin′ē-ar, adj. consisting of three lines.

Trilingual, trī-ling′gwal, adj. consisting of three tongues or languages.—Also . [L. tres, three, lingua, tongue.]

Triliteral, trī-lit′ėr-al, adj. consisting of three letters.—n. . [L. tres, three, litera, a letter.]

Trilith, trī′lith, n. a form of megalithic monument consisting of two upright stones supporting another lying crosswise—also '.—adj. '. [Gr. treis, three, lithos, stone.]

Trill, tril, v.t. and v.i. to shake: to utter with a tremulous vibration, to quaver: to pronounce with a quick vibration of the tongue.—n. a quaver or tremulous vibration, warbling. [It. trillare, to shake; imit.]

Trill, tril, v.i. to trickle: (obs.) to twirl. [Scand., Sw. trilla, to roll.]

Trilling, tril′ing, n. a compound threefold crystal: any one child of a triplet.

Trillion, tril′yun, n. a million raised to the third power, or multiplied twice by itself: in France, a thousand multiplied by itself three times, a million million.—adj. . [Fr.,—L. tres, three, Low L. millio, a million.]

Trillium, tril′i-um, n. a North American genus of low perennial herbs of the lily family—including wake-robin, three-leaved nightshade, &c.

Trilobate, -d, trī-lō′bāt, or  adj. having three lobes.—Also .

Trilobite, trī′lō-bīt, n. one of an order of fossil crustacea entirely confined to the Paleozoic rocks.—adj. .

Trilocular, trī-lok′ū-lar, adj. three-celled.

Trilogy, tril′ō-ji, n. the name given by the Greeks to a group of three tragedies, either connected by a common subject or each representing a distinct story—the Oresteia of Æschylus, which embraces the Agamemnon, the Chœphorœ, and the Eumenides. [Gr. trilogia—tri, tris, thrice, logia, speech—legein, to say.]

Trim, trim, adj. in good order: nice.—v.t. to make trim: to put in due order: to dress: to decorate: to clip: to reduce to proper form: to arrange for sailing: to rebuke sharply, to thrash.—v.i. to balance or fluctuate between parties:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. trimmed.—n. dress: ornaments: state of a ship as to sailing qualities: arrangement.—adv. '.—ns. ', one who trims: one who fluctuates between parties, a time-server: a scold: a small horizontal beam on a floor into which the ends of joists are framed: a float bearing a baited hook and line, used in fishing for pike; ', that which trims: ornamental parts, esp. of a garment, dish, &c.: (pl.) fittings.—adv. '.—n. . [A.S. trymian, to strengthen, set in order—trum, firm.]

Trimembral, trī-mem′bral, adj. having three members.

Trimensual, trī-men′sū-al, adj. happening every three months—also ', '.—n. , a period of three months.

Trimera, trim′e-ra, n.pl. a division of beetles with tarsi three-jointed.—adj. . [Gr. treis, three, meros, part.]

Trimeter, trim′e-tėr, n. a division of a verse consisting of three measures.—adjs. ', ', , consisting of three measures, esp. iambic. [Gr. trimetros—treis, three, metron, measure.]

Trimethyl, trī-meth′il, adj. containing three methyl radicals in combination.—n. , an organic base resembling ammonia in some of its properties, and having a strong herring-brine odour—incorrectly called propylamine.

Trimonthly, trī′munth-li, adj. every three months.

Trimorphism, trī-mor′fizm, n. (biol.) the existence of an organism in three distinct forms, as in certain butterflies, in the common flower Lythrum salicaria, &c.—adjs. ', '.

Trimurti, tri-mōōr′ti, n. the name of the Hindu triad, or the gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva when thought of as an inseparable unity, though three in form.

Trinal, trī′nal, adj. threefold.—adjs. , ternary; Trine, threefold: of three.—n. a triad: the aspect of two planets, as seen from the earth, distant from each other one-third of the zodiac or 120°. [L. trinus—tres, tria, three.]

Trindle, trin′dl, n. a piece of wood, &c., laid between the cords and boards of a book to flatten before cutting: a wheel of a barrow.—v.i. to roll, to trot.—v.t. to trundle. [A variant of trendle.]

Trinervate, trī-nėr′vāt, adj. three-nerved.—Also .

Tringa, tring′gä, n. a genus of sandpipers, of family Scolopacidæ—containing the knot, &c.—adjs. ', '.

Tringle, tring′gl, n. a rod on which the rings of a curtain run: a small moulding of rectangular cross-section, in a Doric triglyph, &c.: a strip of wood at the edge of a gun-platform to turn the recoil of the truck. [Fr.]

Trinity, trin′i-ti, n. the union of three in one Godhead: the persons of the Godhead: any symbolical representation of the persons of the Trinity.—adj. ', pertaining to the Trinity, or to the doctrine of the Trinity.—n. one who holds the doctrine of the Trinity: a member of the Trinitarian order.—n. ', the tenets of Trinitarians.—n.pl. ', a religious order founded at Rome in 1198 to redeem Christian captives from the infidels—also Mathurins and Redemptionists.—ns. ', a corporation entrusted with the regulation and management of the lighthouses and buoys of the shores and rivers of England, and with the licensing and appointing of pilots for the English coast, founded at Deptford in 1518; ', the Sunday next after Whitsunday, the Festival of the Holy Trinity; ', formerly one of the fixed terms of the English law-courts that commenced on Friday next after Trinity Sunday. [L. trinitas, three—trini, three each—tres, three.]

Trinket, tring′ket, n. a small ornament for the person: anything of little value.—v.i. to deal in a mean and underhand way: to intrigue.—ns. ', a mean intriguer; ', trinkets collectively. [Skeat suggests that M. E. trenket, trynket, may be from an O. Fr. trenquer, to cut, a by-form of trencher, to cut.]

Trinket, tring′ket, n. a vessel to drink out of. [Prob. conn. somehow with preceding.]

Trinket, tring′ket, n. a topsail. [O. Fr. trinquet—L. triquetrus, three-cornered.]

Trinkle, tringk′l, a Scotch form of trickle: also a form of tinkle.

Trinoctial, trī-nok′shal, adj. comprising three nights.

Trinodal, trī-nō′dal, adj. having three nodes or joints.

Trinomial, trī-nō′mi-al, adj. (math.) consisting of three names or terms connected by the sign plus or minus.—n. a trinomial quantity.—ns. '; '; '.—adj. '. [L. tres, three, nomen, name.]

Trio, trē′o, or trī′o, n. three united: (mus.) a composition for three performers. [It.,—L. tres, three.]

Triodion, trī-ō′di-on, n. a book of Greek offices for the services from the Sunday before Septuagesima to Easter. [Gr. treis, three, hodos, a way.]

Triolet, trē′ō-let, n. a stanza of eight lines on two rhymes—the 1st, 3d, 4th, and 5th lines rhyming, as also the 2d and 6th. Again, the words of the 1st, 4th, and 7th lines are the same, while the 7th and 8th repeat the first two. [Fr.]

Triones, trī-ō′nēz, n.pl. a name applied to the seven principal stars in the constellation Ursa Major. [L.]

Trionym, trī′ō-nim, n. a name consisting of three terms.—adj. .

Trip, trip, v.i. to move with short, light steps: to stumble and fall: to err, to go wrong, to make a slip in chastity: to fail.—v.t. to cause to stumble by striking one's feet from under him (with up): to overthrow by taking away support: to catch: to catch in a fault: to loosen, as an anchor, from the bottom, by a long rope: to turn, as a yard, from a horizontal to a vertical position: to fold in the middle, as a deep stage-drop: to strike against:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. tripped.—n. a light, short step: a catch by which an antagonist is thrown: one of the points in coursing, when the hare is thrown off its legs: a false step: a mistake: a short voyage or journey, a jaunt.—ns. ', a book in which the records and accounts of the trip of a fishing-boat are made up and kept: ', a large hammer used in forges, a tilt-hammer; ', a cheap excursionist, a tourist doing a certain round: one who stumbles or who makes another stumble; ' (U.S.), a strip of paper on which a car-conductor must punch a hole when a fare is taken. [M. E. trippen; cog. with Dut. trippen, trappen, to tread upon, trippelen, to trip, Sw. trippa, to trip.]

Tripartite, trip′ar-tīt, or trī-pär′tīt, adj. divided into three parts: having three corresponding parts: relating to three parties.—adv. '.—n. ', a division into three. [L. ter, thrice, partitus, pa.p. of partīri, to divide—pars, a part.]

Tripe, trīp, n. entrails: parts of the compound stomach of a ruminant, esp. of sheep or horned cattle, prepared as food—the parts used being the paunch or rumen (yielding plain tripe), and the smaller reticulum (yielding honeycomb tripe).—ns. ', one who prepares tripe or who hawks it about; ', a place for the preparation or sale of tripe.—Tripe de Roche, a name originally given to various species of lichens of the genera Gyrophora and Umbilicaria, nutritious though bitter, nauseous, and purgative. [Celt.; Ir., triopas, W. tripa.]

Tripedal, trip′e-dal, or trī′ped-al, adj. having three feet. [L. tres, three, pes, pedis, a foot.]

Tripennate, trī-pen′āt, adj. (bot.) three-winged. [L. tri, tris, thrice, penna, a wing.]

Tripersonal, trī-pėr′sun-al, adj. consisting of three persons.—ns. ', a believer in the Trinity; '.

Tripetalous, trī-pet′al-us, adj. (bot.) having three petals or flower-leaves. [Gr. treis, three, petalon, a leaf.]

Triphane, trī′fān, n. spodumene.

Triphthong, trif′thong, n. a combination of three vowels to form one sound.—adj. . [Gr. treis, three, phthongos, sound.]

Triphyllous, trī-fil′us, adj. (bot.) three-leaved. [Gr. tri, tris, thrice, phyllon, a leaf.]

Triphysite, trif′i-sīt, n. one of a Spanish sect of the 7th century who maintained the existence of three natures in Christ—the human, the divine, and a third resulting from the union of the other two. [Gr. treis, three, physis, nature.]

Tripinnate, trī-pin′āt, adj. trebly pinnate.

Tripitaka, tri-pit′a-ka, n. the whole body of the northern Buddhist canonical writings, comprising the three divisions of Sutras, or discourses of the Buddha for the laity; Vinaya, or discipline for the order; and Abhidharma, or metaphysics. [Sans. tri, three, pitaka, basket.]

Triple, trip′l, adj. consisting of three united: three times repeated: (Shak.) third.—v.t. to treble.—adjs. ', having three crowns: wearing the triple crown, as the pope; ', having three heads.—n. ', three of a kind, or three united: three lines rhyming together: (mus.) a group of three notes occupying the time of two, indicated by a slur and the figure 3: (coll.) one of three children born at one birth.—adj. ' (Shak.), three times faithless.—n. ', triple time in music.—adj. ', threefold: made thrice as much.—n. a third copy or thing corresponding to two others of the same kind.—v.t. to make threefold.—ns. ', act of making threefold or adding three together; ', the state of being threefold: tripleness: (Spens.) a triad: (astrol.) the division of the signs according to the number of the elements.—adv. .—Triple Alliance, the league of England, Sweden, and the Netherlands formed against France in 1668: the alliance of Britain, France, and Holland against Spain in 1717: the alliance between Germany, Austria, and Italy, formed in 1883, and directed to check French or Russian aggression; Triple crown (her.), see Tiara; Triple time (mus.), time or rhythm of three beats, or of three times three beats, in a bar.—The Triple Event, winning the Oaks, St Leger, and Derby. [Fr.,—L. tri-plus—tri-, tres, three, -plus, akin to Eng. -fold.]

Tripod, trī′pod, n. anything on three feet or legs, as a stool, &c.—adj. having three legs or supports.—adj. . [Gr. tripous, tripodos—tri, treis, three, pous, foot.]

Tripoli, trip′ō-li, n. a mineral substance employed in polishing metals, marble, glass, &c. [Orig. brought from Tripoli in Africa.]

Tripos, trī′pos, n. a university examination for honours at Cambridge: the list of successful candidates in an honours examination at Cambridge: a tripod. [Prob. traceable to the custom by which a B.A., known as Mr Tripos, sat on a three-legged stool and disputed in the Philosophy School at Cambridge on Ash Wednesday, his speech being called the Tripos speech.]

Trippant, trip′ant, adj. (her.) represented as walking or trotting.

Tripping, trip′ing, n. the act of tripping: a light kind of dance.—adv. ', in a tripping manner: with a light, quick step.—n. '.

Tripsacum, trip′sa-kum, n. a genus of American grasses, including the gama-grass.

Tripsis, trip′sis, n. pulverisation: the process of shampooing. [Gr.,—tribein, to rub.]

Triptote, trip′tōt, n. a noun used in three cases only. [Fr.,—Gr. triptōton—treis, three, ptōtos, falling,—piptein, to fall.]

Triptych, trip′tik, n. a set of tablets consisting of three leaves, each painted with a distinct subject, but joined together by hinges, and capable of being folded so as to present a new face. [Gr. tri, thrice, ptyx, ptychos, a fold, a leaf—ptyssein, to fold.]

Tripudium, trī-pū′di-um, n. among the Romans, a religious dance, also a mode of divination based on observation of the action of birds feeding.—adj. '.—n. ', dancing. [L., prob. from tres, three, pes, pedis, foot.]

Triquetrous, trī-kwet′rus, adj. three-sided: triangular—also '.—n. ', an ornament consisting of three interlaced arcs, common in early art in northern Europe.—adv. '.—n. ', one of the triangular Wormian bones in the lambdoid suture of the skull. [L. tres, three, -quetrus, prob. a mere formative.]

Triradiate, trī-rā′di-āt, adj. radiating in three directions.—adv. .

Trireme, trī′rēm, n. an ancient galley—esp. a war-galley—having three banks or rows of oars. [Fr.,—L. triremis—tri, tres, three, remus, an oar.]

Trisagion, tri-sā′gi-on, n. a hymn used in the early and Oriental Churches, and in the Greek Church, consisting of the words 'O Holy God, holy and mighty, holy and immortal, have mercy on us.' The name is often applied erroneously to the Tersanctus. [Gr. tris, thrice, hagios, holy.]

Trisect, trī-sekt′, v.t. to cut or divide into three equal parts.—n. , the division of anything, as an angle, into three equal parts. [L. tri, thrice, secāre, sectum, to cut.]

Triseme, trī′sēm, adj. and n. consisting of three semeia, equal to three short syllables, as the tribrach, iambic, and trochee.—Also . [Gr. treis, three, sēma, a sign.]

Trisepalous, trī-sep′al-us, adj. (bot.) having three sepals.

Triserial, trī-sē′ri-al, adj. in three rows or series—also '.—advs. ', in three series; , in three rows, triserially.

Trisetum, trī-sē′tum, n. a genus of grasses, of the tribe Aveneæ, mostly perennial tufted grasses with flat leaves and shining spikelets. [L. tres, three, setum, a bristle.]

Trisinuate, trī-sin′ū-āt, adj. having three sinuses, as a margin.

Triskele, tris′kēl, n. a three-armed cross, the fylfot. [Gr. treis, three, skelos, a leg.]

Trismegistus, tris-me-gis′tus, adj. thrice greatest, an epithet used only in 'Hermes Trismegistus,' the Greek name of the Egyptian god Thoth, originator of Egyptian culture, the god of writing, of religion, and of the arts and sciences.

Trismus, tris′mus, n. tetanic spasm of the muscles of mastication, lockjaw. [Gr.,—trizein, to gnash.]

Trisoctahedron, tris-ok′ta-hē-dron, n. a solid bounded by twenty-four equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron.

Trispermous, trī-sper′mus, adj. three-seeded.—n. , a poultice made of the crushed seeds of cummin, bay, and smallage.

Trisplanchnic, trī-splangk′nik, adj. pertaining to the viscera of the three great cavities of the body, the cranial, thoracic, and abdominal. [Gr. treis, three, splangchna, viscera.]

Trisporic, trī-spor′ik, adj. having three spores.—Also .

Tristesse, tris-tes′, n. (arch.) sadness.—adjs. Trist, . (Shak.), sad, sorrowful, gloomy.—adv. . [Fr. triste—L. tristis, sad.]

Tristichous, tris′ti-kus, adj. (bot.) grouped in three rows. [Gr. treis, three, stichos, a row.]

Tristigmatic, trī-stig-mat′ik, adj. having three stigmas.—Also .

Tristylous, trī-stī′lus, adj. (bot.) having three styles.

Trisula, tri-sōō′la, n. the trident of Siva.—Also .

Trisulcate, trī-sul′kāt, adj. having three forks or prongs: (bot.) having three furrows. [L. trisulcus—tri, tris, thrice, sulcus, a furrow.]

Trisyllable, trī-, or tri-sil′a-bl, n. a word of three syllables.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to a trisyllable: consisting of three syllables.—adv. . [Gr. treis, three, syllabē, syllable.]

Tritagonist, tri-tag′on-ist, n. the third actor in the Greek drama. [Gr. tritos, third, agonistēs, an actor.]

Trite, trīt, adj. worn out by use: used till its novelty and interest are lost: hackneyed.—adv. '.—n. '. [It. trito—L. tritus, rubbed, pa.p. of terĕre, to rub.]

Triternate, trī-ter′nāt, adj. thrice ternate—of a ternate leaf in which each division is divided into three parts, and each of these into three leaflets, thus making twenty-seven, as in some Umbelliferæ:—Also .

Tritheism, trī′thē-izm, n. the doctrine of three Gods: the opinion that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are actually different beings.—n. ', one who maintains the doctrine of tritheism.—adjs. ', . [Gr. treis, three, theos, a god.]

Trithionic, trī-thī-on′ik, adj. containing three sulphur atoms.—n. , a salt of trithionic acid. [Gr. treis, three, theion, sulphur.]

Tritical, trit′i-kal, adj. trite, common.—adv. '.—n. '. [Formed from trite, in imitation of critical.]

Triticum, trit′i-kum, n. a genus of grasses including the varieties of wheat.—adj. . [L. 'wheat'—terĕre, tritum, to rub.]

Tritoma, tri-tō′ma, n. a genus of tufted herbaceous plants belonging to the natural order Liliaceæ.

Triton, trī′ton, n. (myth.) a marine demi-god, one of the trumpeters of Poseidon (Neptune), his trumpet being a wreathed univalve shell: a genus of molluscs with a wreathed univalve shell. [Gr. Trītōn.]

Tritone, trī′tōn, n. an interval in music composed of three whole steps or tones.

Tritorium, trī-tō′ri-um, n. a vessel for separating liquids of different densities.—Also .

Tritubercular, trī-tū-ber′kū-lar, adj. having three tubercles or cusps—also '.—n. '.

Triturate, trit′ū-rāt, v.t. to rub or grind to a fine powder.—adj. ', that may be reduced to a fine powder by grinding.—ns. '; '; '. [Late L. triturāre, —L. terĕre, to rub.]

Triumph, trī′umf, n. in ancient Rome, a solemn procession in honour of a victorious general: joy for success: victory: (Shak.) a trump card.—v.i. to celebrate a victory with pomp: to rejoice for victory: to obtain victory: to be prosperous: to boast, exult (with over): (Shak.) to shine brightly.—v.t. (Milt.) to boast over.—adj. ', pertaining to triumph: used in celebrating victory.—n. (Milt.) a token of victory.—adj. ', celebrating or rejoicing for a triumph: expressing joy for success: victorious.—adv. '.—n. '.—adv. , in a triumphing manner: with triumph or exultation.—Triumphal arch, an arch erected in connection with the triumph of a Roman general, any decorative arch in public rejoicings, &c.—Church triumphant (see Church). [L. triumphus; akin to Gr. thriambos, a hymn to Bacchus.]

Triumvir, trī-um′vir, n. one of three men in the same office or government:—pl. ', '.—adj. '.—n. ' (Shak. ), an association of three men in office or government, or for any political ends—esp. that of Pompey, Crassus, and Cæsar (60 B.C.), and that of Octavian (Augustus), Mark Antony, and Lepidus (43 B.C.): any trio or triad. [L. trium-, from tres, three, vir, a man.]

Triune, trī′ūn, adj. being three in one.—n. . [Coined from L. tri-, root of tres, three, unus, one.]

Trivalent, trī′vā-lent, or triv′-, adj. equivalent in combining or displacing power to three monad atoms.—n.  (or [L. tres, three, valens, -entis, pr.p. of valĕre, to be strong.]

Trivalve, trī′valv, adj. having three valves.—Also ', '.

Trivertebral, trī-ver′tē-bral, adj. composed of three vertebræ.

Trivet, triv′et, n. a stool or other thing supported on three feet: a movable iron frame in a kitchen fire-grate for supporting kettles, &c.—Right as a trivet (coll.), standing steadily like a tripod: perfectly right. [O. Fr. trepied—L. tripes, tripedis—tres, three, pes, a foot.]

Trivial, triv′i-al, adj. that may be found anywhere, of little importance; trifling: common, vernacular.—v.i. ', to render paltry.—ns. ', a trivial matter or remark; ', the state or quality of being trivial: that which is trivial, a trifle.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', in medieval schools the name given to the first three liberal arts—viz. grammar, rhetoric, and logic. [L. trivialis, (lit.) 'at the cross-roads or public streets'—trivium, a place where three ways meet—tres, three, via, a way.]

Tri-weekly, trī′-wēk′li, adj. once every three weeks: three times a week.

Troad, trōd, n. (Spens.). Same as Trode.

Trocar, trō′kar, n. a surgical instrument used for withdrawing superfluous fluid from the body. [Fr.,—trois, three, carre, side.]

Trochanter, trō-kan′tėr, n. a rough eminence on the outer aspect of the upper part of the thigh-bone for the insertion of various muscles which rotate the thigh outwards: the second joint of an insect's leg.—adjs. ', '.—n. ', the lesser trochanter of the femur.—adj. '. [Gr.,—trechein, to run.]

Troche, trō′kē (better trōch or trōk), n. a lozenge, usually round, of some medicinal ingredients mixed into a paste with sugar and mucilage.—Also Trochisk . [Gr. trochos, a pill.]

Trochee, trō′kē, n. a metrical foot of two syllables, so called from its tripping or joyous character: in Latin verse, consisting of a long and a short, as nūmĕn; in English verse, of an accented and unaccented syllable, as —n. ', a trochaic verse or measure.—adjs. ', , consisting of trochees. [Gr., trochaios (pous, foot), running, tripping—trochos, a running—trechein, to run.]

Trochidæ, trok′i-dē, n.pl. a genus of gasteropodous molluscs, the top-shells—the typical genus '.—adj. '.

Trochilic, trō-kil′ik, adj. pertaining to rotary motion.

Trochilus, trok′i-lus, n. a genus of humming-birds. [Gr. trochilos.]

Trochite, trō′kīt, n. one of the wheel-like joints of the stem of an encrinite.—adj. .

Trochiter, trok′i-tėr, n. the greater tuberosity of the humerus, admitting several of the muscles of the shoulders.—adj. .

Trochlea, trok′lē-a, n. a pulley-like cartilage through which the superior oblique muscle of the eye-ball passes: in the elbow-joint, the articular surface of the lower extremity of the humerus, grasped by the greater sigmoid cavity of the ulna.—adjs. ', shaped like a pulley; ', relating to the trochlea. [L. trochlea—Gr. trochalia, a pulley.]

Trochoid, trō′koid, n. the curve traced by a fixed point in a wheel which rolls in a right line.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. trochæidēs, round like a wheel—trochos, wheel, eidos, form.]

Troctolite, trok′tō-līt, n. a variety of Gabbro composed of white feldspar and dark olivine.

Trod, trod, n. (obs.) tramp, track.—Hot trod (Scott), the pursuit of moss-troopers. [Tread.]

Trod, Trod′den, pa.t. and pa.p. of tread.

Trode, trōd, n. (Spens.) tread, footing. [Tread.]

Troggs, trogz, n.pl. (Scot.) clothes.—n. , peddlers' goods.

Troglodyte, trog′lō-dīt, n. a cave-dweller.—adjs. ', ', ', cave-dwelling.—n. '. [Fr.,—Gr. trōglodytēs—trōglē, a cave, dyein, to enter.]

Trogon, trō′gon, n. one of a family of tropical and esp. South American birds of the order Picariæ, with brilliant plumage—the most celebrated species the Quetzal or Resplendent Trogon of Guatemala.—adj. .

Troic, trō′ik, adj. Trojan.

Troika, troi′ka, n. a Russian vehicle having three horses abreast. [Russ. troe, troi, three.]

Trojan, trō′jan, adj. pertaining to ancient Troy.—n. an inhabitant of ancient Troy: (coll.) a plucky fellow: (Shak.) a boon companion.

Troke, trōk, n. (Scot.) exchange: small wares: familiar intercourse.—v.i. to exchange, deal.—n. , dealing, making petty bargains, familiar intercourse with. [Truck.]

Troll, trōl, n. in Scandinavian mythology, a supernatural being of small size, dwelling in a cave, hill, &c. [Ice. troll (Ger. droll). Cf. Droll.]

Troll, trōl, v.t. to move circularly: to sing the parts of in succession, as of a catch or round: to angle or fish for in a certain way: to fish for.—v.i. to roll: to move or run about: to sing a catch: to stroll, ramble: to fish, esp. for pike, with rod and line, using revolving lure, artificial or natural, such as spoon-bait, minnow, &c.—n. a moving round, repetition: a round song.—ns. '; ', ', a costermonger's cart: a metallic roller or pulley used in many electric street-railways in connection with an overhead electric conductor: a small truck running in a furnace, or in mines: lace whose pattern is outlined with a thicker thread or a flat border made up of several such threads; '; ', ', a metallic revolving lure used in trolling. [O. Fr. troller, trauler (Fr. trôler), to stroll; Old High Ger. trollen, to run.]

Troll-my-dame, trol′-mi-dām, n. (Shak.) an old game.—Also Nine-holes, Pigeon-holes, and Trunks.

Trollol, trol′lol′, v.t. and v.i. to sing, to troll.

Trollop, trol′op, n. (Scot.) a loitering, slatternly woman: a woman negligently dressed: a draggle-tail: a strumpet.—v.i. to draggle: to work in a slovenly way.—adjs. ', ', . [From troll, in the sense of running about.]

Trombone, trom′bōn, n. a deep-toned brass musical wind instrument of the trumpet kind, consisting of a tube bent twice on itself.—n. . [It.; augm. of tromba, a trumpet.]

Trommel, trom′el, n. a revolving cylindrical sieve for cleaning or sizing ore. [Ger. trommel, a drum.]

Tromometer, trō-mom′e-tėr, n. an instrument for measuring slight earthquake shocks.—adj. . [Gr. tromos, a trembling, metron, a measure.]

Trompe, tromp, n. the apparatus by which the blast is produced in the Catalan forge.—Also Tromp.

Tron, tron, or trōn, n. the most ancient system of weight used in Scotland, the Tron or Trone being a heavy beam or balance set up in the market-place, and employed for the weighing of heavy wares.—n. , a royal tax on wool. [O. Fr. trone—L. trutina, a pair of scales.]

Trona, trō′na, n. the native soda of Egypt, a grayish hydrous sodium carbonate. [Natron.]

Troncheon, tron′shun, n. (Spens.) a headless spear.—adj. Tronçonnée (her.), shivered, as a tilting-spear, dismembered. [Truncheon.]

Trone, trōn, n. (prov.) a small drain.

Troop, trōōp, n. a crowd or collection of people: a company: soldiers taken collectively, an army, usually in pl.: a small body of cavalry, forming the unit of formation, consisting usually of sixty men, corresponding to a company of infantry: the command of a troop of horse.—v.i. to collect in numbers: to march in a company, or in haste.—ns. ', a private cavalry soldier: a cavalry horse: a ', a cavalry horse; , a vessel for conveying soldiers.—Trooping the colours, a ceremony performed at the public mounting of garrison guards.—Household troops (see House). [Fr. troupe, prob. through Low L. forms, from L. turba, a crowd.]

Tropæolum, trō-pē′ō-lum, n. a genus of plants, natives of South America, annual or perennial herbs of trailing or climbing habits—Nasturtium, &c. [Gr. tropaios, pertaining to turning.]

Troparion, trō-pā′ri-on, n. in the offices of the Greek Church, a short hymn or a stanza of a hymn:—pl. . [Gr. tropos, a musical mode.]

Trope, trōp, n. (rhet.) a word or expression changed from its proper sense for emphasis, a figure of speech— metonymy, synecdoche, and irony: a short cadence peculiar to Gregorian melodies—also Differentia and Distinctio: formerly, a phrase occasionally interpolated in different parts of the mass: (geom.) the reciprocal of a node.—adj. ', figurative.—adv. '.—n. ', one who uses tropes or who explains Scripture by them.—adjs. ', ', expressed or varied by tropes or figures.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to use as a trope.—n. ', a tropical or figurative mode of speech: a treatise on tropes: that interpretation of Scripture which reads moral meanings into any and every passage. [Fr.,—L. tropus—Gr. tropos—trepein, to turn.]

Trophic, -al, trof′ik, -al, adj. pertaining to nutrition and its processes.—adj. '.—n. ', deranged nutrition owing to disorder of the motor nerve force pertaining to the nutritive function.—n.pl. , the mouth-parts of an insect—labium, labrum, maxillæ, mandibles, lingua: the teeth of the pharynx of a rotifer. [Gr. trophē, food.]

Trophonian, trō-fō′ni-an, adj. pertaining to Trophonius, the mythical builder of the temple of Apollo at Delphi and the treasury of King Hyrieus in Bœotia.

Trophotropism, trof′ō-trō-pizm, n. the movements of the organs in a growing plant, as towards nutrient substances, induced by the chemical nature of its surroundings.—adj. . [Gr. trophē, food, trepein, to turn.]

Trophy, trō′fi, n. a memorial of a victory, consisting of a pile of arms erected on the field of battle: anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory: something that is evidence of victory: an ornamental group of weapons, flags, memorials of the chase, &c.—v.t. to adorn with trophies.—adj. , adorned with trophies. [Fr. trophée—L. tropæum—Gr. tropaion—tropē, a turning—trepein, to turn.]

Tropic, trop′ik, n. one of the two circles on the celestial sphere, 23° on each side of the equator, where the sun turns, as it were, after reaching its greatest declination north or south: one of two circles on the terrestrial globe corresponding to these: (pl.) the regions lying between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to the tropics: being within or near the tropics.—adv. '.—n. ', a genus of bird the family Phaëthontidæ, usually seen in tropical regions. [Through L. tropicus, from Gr. tropikos, relating to a turning—tropos, a turning.]

Troppo, trop′pō, adj. (mus.) too much: excessively. [It.; cf. Fr. trop, too much.]

Trossers, tros′ėrz, n. (Shak.) a form of trousers.

Trot, trot, v.i. to go, lifting the feet quicker and higher than in walking: to walk or move fast: to run.—v.t. to ride at a trot:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. the pace of a horse or other quadruped when trotting: a toddling child: (slang) a crib, translation.—ns. , one that trots: a trotting-horse: the foot of an animal, as a sheep: (slang) the human foot; Trottoir  a footway at the side of a street.—Trot out, to exhibit the paces of: to show. [O. Fr. trotter, troter—Low L. trotāre, to go; prob. from Old High Ger. trottōn, freq. of tretan, to tread.]

Trot, trot, n. (Shak.) an old woman.

Trot-cosy, trot′-kō′zi, n. (Scot.) a covering to keep the neck and head warm in travelling, drawn over the head and hat, and buttoned beneath the chin.

Troth, troth, or trōth, n. truth, confidence: faith: fidelity.—v.t. to plight.—adj. ' (Shak.), betrothed, affianced.—n. betrothal.—n. ', a betrothal ring. [A.S. treówth.]

Troubadour, trōō′ba-dōōr, n. one of a class of poets of chivalric love, who first appeared in Provence, and flourished from the 11th to the 13th century (see Langue d'oc). [Fr., from Prov. trobador—trobar (Fr. trouver), to find—L. turbāre, to move.]

Trouble, trub′l, v.t. to put into a confused state: to agitate: to disturb: to annoy: to busy or engage overmuch: to put to inconvenience.—v.i. to take pains.—n. disturbance: affliction: disease: uneasiness: that which disturbs or afflicts.—ns. ', a kill-joy; '.—adj. ', causing or giving trouble or inconvenience: vexatious: importunate: troublous.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', full of trouble or disorder: agitated: tumultuous: disturbing.—Cast oil on troubled waters (fig.), to appease, calm, quieten. [O. Fr. tourbler—Low L. turbulāre—L. turbāre, to disturb—turba, a crowd.]

Trough, trof, n. a long, hollow vessel for water or other liquid: a long tray: a long narrow channel: a concavity or hollow. [A.S. trog; Ger. trog.]

Trounce, trowns, v.t. to punish or beat severely. [O. Fr. troncer, to cut—L. truncus, a trunk.]

Troupe, trōōp, n. a company, esp. of actors, dancers, or acrobats. [Fr. See Troop.]

Troupial, Troopial, trōō′pi-al, n. a bird of the family Icteridæ, the Hang-nests, famed for its exquisite song. [From their going in flocks, Fr. troupe, a troop.]

Trous-de-loup, trōō-de-lōō, n.pl. conical pits dug in the ground, each with a vertical stake in the middle—a defence against cavalry. [Fr.]

Trousers, trow′zėrz, n.pl. long breeches: a garment worn by males on the lower limbs and trussed or fastened up at the waist by braces or belt.—adj. ', wearing trousers.—n. ', material for making trousers. [O. Fr. trousses, breeches worn by pages.]

Trousse, trōōs, n. a collection of small implements in a case, esp. of surgical instruments. [Fr.]

Trousseau, trōō-sō′, n. the lighter articles of a bride's outfit: (rare) a bundle:—pl. Trousseaux [Fr., a dim. of trousse, a bundle.]

Trout, trowt, n. a common name for fresh-water fish of the genus Salmo: the Salmo Fario, Trutta, or Common Trout, much sought after by anglers.—n. ', an osier or willow creel for carrying trout.—adj. ', speckled like a trout: white, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel.—ns. ', a place where trout are reared artificially; ', ', a little trout; ', a fishing-rod for trout; ', a small revolving spoon used as a lure for trout; ', a stream in which trout are caught. [A.S. truht—L. tructa, tructus—Gr. trōktēs, a sea-fish with sharp teeth—trōgein, to gnaw.]

Trouvère, trōō-vār′, n. one of the medieval narrative or epic poets of northern France. For their language, the langue d'oui, see under Langue d'oc.

Trover, trō′vėr, n. the gaining possession of goods: an action brought to recover goods from a person to whom they do not belong, but who has in some way obtained possession of them. [O. Fr. trover, to find (Fr. trouver)—Low L. tropāre, to compose.]

Trow, trō, v.i. to hold as true: (B.) to trust: to believe: to think. [A.S. treów-ian, to trust; cf. Ice. trúa, Ger. trauen.]

Trowel, trow′el, n. a tool used in spreading mortar, paint, &c., and in gardening.—v.t. to dress with a trowel.-Lay on with a trowel, to spread thickly: to flatter grossly. [O. Fr. truelle—L. trulla, dim. of trua, a ladle.]

Trowsers. Same as Trousers.

Troy-weight, troi′-wāt, n. the system of weights used in England for gold, silver, and precious stones. The troy pound contains 5760 grains, and is to the avoirdupois pound as 144 to 175, while the troy ounce is to the avoirdupois ounce as 192 to 175. [From Troyes, in France, the pound weight of which was adopted in England in the 14th century.]

Truant, trōō′ant, n. an idler: a boy who, idly or without excuse, absents himself from school.—adj. wandering from duty: loitering: idle.—v.i. to play truant.—ns. ', '.—Play truant, to stay from school without leave. [O. Fr. truand—Celt.; W. truan, wretched, Bret. truek, a beggar.]

Truce, trōōs, n. a suspension of hostilities between two armies or states for a period specially agreed upon: cessation.—n. ', one who violates a truce or engagement.—adj. ', without truce: relentless.—Truce of God, in the 11th and 12th centuries, a cessation of private feuds observed in France, Italy, England, &c. from Wednesday evening to Monday morning in each week during Advent and Lent, and on certain of the principal saints' days and holy days of the Church.—Flag of truce (see Flag). [M. E. trewes, treowes, pl. of trewe, a truce; cf. True.]

Truck, truk, v.t. to exchange or barter.—v.i. to traffic by exchange.—n. exchange of goods: barter: (coll.) small goods: rubbish.—ns. ', the practice of exchanging or bartering goods; '; ' (U.S.), a market-gardener; ', ', a house for storing goods.—v.i. ', to yield meanly to the demands of another.—ns. '; '.—adj. fawning, slavish.—n. , the practice of paying workmen in goods instead of money.—Truck Act, a statute of 1831, extended in 1887, requiring workmen's wages to be paid in money instead of goods. [O. Fr. troquer, to truck; Sp. trocar, to barter, It. truccare, to truck.]

Truck, truk, n. a wheel: a railway-wagon for heavy articles: a platform running on wheels: a small wooden cap at the top of a mast or flag-staff: a circular piece of wood or metal for moving ordnance.—v.t. to convey by truck.—ns. ', conveyance by trucks: charge for carrying articles on a truck; ', a beam in the middle of a railway-truck supporting the body of the car; ', a small wheel or castor: a truckle-bed.—v.t. to move on rollers.—v.i. to sleep in a truckle-bed.—n. ', a low bed on wheels that may be pushed under another. [L. trochus, a wheel—Gr. trochos—trechein, to run.]

Truculent, truk′ū-lent (trōō′kū-lent, according to some), adj. very fierce: barbarous: cruel: inspiring terror.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [L. truculentus—trux, wild, fierce.]

Trudge, truj, v.i. to travel on foot: to travel with labour or effort: to march heavily on.—n. a weary walk. [Skeat suggests that the word is orig. to walk in heavy shoes, from Sw. dial. truga, trudja, a snow-shoe, Norw. truga, Ice. thrúga, a snow-shoe.]

True, trōō, adj. agreeing with fact: worthy of belief or confidence: certain: trusty: genuine: normal: (anat.) complete: exact: straight: right: rightful: honest.—v.t. to make straight in position, &c.—n. (obs.) truth, a pledge: a truce.—n. ', a faithful partisan.—adjs. ', of true or genuine birth: having a right by birth; ', of a true or genuine birth: of good breeding or manners; ' (Shak.), legitimate; ' (Shak.), full of honest zeal; ' (Shak.), just; ', sincere.—ns. '; ', one truly or really beloved: a sweetheart: the herb-Paris (see Herb).—adj. affectionate.—ns. ', ', lines interwoven with many involutions, fancifully held as an emblem of interwoven affection; '; ' (Shak.), an honest fellow.—adv. '.—True bill, a bill of indictment endorsed, after investigation, by a grand jury, as containing a well-founded charge; True rib, a rib attached to spine and sternum—opp. to Floating rib. [A.S. treówe; Ice. tryggr, Ger. treu.]

Truffle, truf′l, n. a globose underground edible fungus, used for its agreeable flavour in the preparation of many dishes.—adj. , cooked with truffles. [O. Fr. truffle (Fr. truffe), prob. from L. tuber.]

Trug, trug, n. (prov.) a gardener's wooden basket.

Truism, trōō′izm, n. a plain or self-evident truth.—adj. .

Truite, trwē-tā′, adj. having a delicately crackled surface, of porcelain, &c. [Fr.]

Trull, trul, n. a drab: a vagrant woman of loose habits. [Allied to Ger. trolle.]

Trullan, trul′an, adj. pertaining to the trullus or dome-roofed hall in the imperial palace at Constantinople, and esp. to the Quinisext Council held therein in 691. [Low L. trullus, a dome—L. trulla, a ladle.]

Trumeau, trōō-mō′, n. any piece of wall between two openings:—pl.  [Fr.]

Trump, trump, v.t. to deceive; to introduce unfairly.—adj. ', forged, worthless.—n. ', something showy but worthless: rubbish: nonsense, idle talk.—adj. showy and worthless.—Trump up, to forge: collect from any quarter. [Fr. tromper, to deceive, orig. to play on the trump.]

Trump, trump, n. a trumpet: a Jew's-harp. [O. Fr. trompe (It. tromba); cf. Old High Ger. trumba, Ger. tromme, Eng. drum, which is thus a doublet of trump.]

Trump, trump, n. a card of the leading suit that triumphs or wins: one of the suit of cards which takes any other: an old game of cards: (coll.) a good, trusty fellow.—v.i. to play a trump card.—v.t. to play a trump card upon.—Call, Signal, for trumps, in whist, a conventional signal indicating that the player wishes his partner to lead trumps. [From triumph, confused with trump, to deceive.]

Trumpet, trum′pet, n. the most ancient of wind instruments, formed of a long, narrow, straight tube, bent twice on itself, the last fifteen inches tapering into a bell, and sounded by means of a cupped mouthpiece—much used in military signalling: in organs, a powerful reed-stop having a trumpet-like sound: a cry resembling a trumpet-sound: (fig.) one who praises.—v.t. to publish by trumpet: to proclaim: to sound the praises of.—v.i. to sound a trumpet.—ns. ', a call or summons on the trumpet, any call to action; ', one who sounds on the trumpet the regimental calls and signals: one who proclaims, praises, or denounces: a genus of crane-like birds of British Guiana, &c.: one of the whistling swans: a kind of domestic pigeon: a large New Zealand food-fish; ', also Snipe-fish, a sea-fish so named from its trumpet-like or tubular muzzle; ', the popular name of various plants which produce large trumpet-shaped flowers—as the genera Bignonia and Tecoma (Bignoniaceæ), and Solandra (Solonaceæ); ', a head-trumpeter in a band or regiment.—adj. ', formed like a trumpet.—ns. ', a shell of the genus Triton; ', the sound of a trumpet: a loud voice.—adj. ', having a voice or tongue loud as a trumpet.—n. ' (see Speak).—Blow one's own trumpet, to sound one's own praises; Feast of trumpets, a Jewish feast in which trumpets played an important part; Flourish of trumpets (see Flourish). [O. Fr. trompette, dim. of trompe.]

Truncal. See Trunk.

Truncate, trung′kāt, v.t. to cut off: to lop: to maim.—adjs. ', ', appearing as if cut off at the tip: ending in a transverse line.—adv. '.—n. '.—Truncated cone, pyramid, a cone, pyramid, having the vertex cut off by a line parallel to the base. [L. truncāre, -ātum—truncus.]

Truncheon, trun′shun, n. a short staff: a cudgel: a baton or staff of authority.—v.t. to beat with a truncheon: to cudgel.—adj. ', furnished with a truncheon: armed with a lance.—ns. ', , one armed with a truncheon. [O. Fr. tronçon—tronc.]

Trundle, trun′dl, n. anything round: a wheel: a truck: a trundle-bed: (her.) a. spool of golden thread.—v.t to roll, as on wheels.—v.i. to roll: twirl: bowl along.—ns. ', a bed moving on trundles or low wheels: a truckle-bed; ' (Shak.), a round tail, a dog with a tail curled up. [A.S. trendel, a circle, wheel.]

Trunk, trungk, n. the stem of a tree: the body of an animal apart from the limbs: the main body of anything: anything long and hollow: the proboscis of an elephant: the shaft of a column, the dado or body of a pedestal: a water-course of planks leading from the race to the water-wheel: a large hollow piston in which a connecting-rod plays: a portable box or chest for clothes, &c., esp. on a journey: a flume, penstock.—adjs. ', pertaining to the trunk, principal; Trunked, having a trunk: (Spens.) beheaded.—ns. ', the coffer-fish; ', as much as will fill a trunk; ', ', large hose or breeches formerly worn over the lower part of the body and the upper part of the legs; ', the main-line of a railway, canal, &c.; ', a main-road; ' (Shak.), a sleeve with the upper part puffed; , work involving secrecy as by means of a trunk. [O. Fr. tronc—L. truncus, a stock—truncus, maimed.]

Trunnion, trun′yun, n. one of the knobs on each side of a gun, on which it rests on the carriage: in steam-engines, a hollow gudgeon on each side of an oscillating cylinder, serving as a support to it.—adj. ', provided with trunnions.—n. ', a raised rim forming a shoulder around the trunnion of a gun. [Fr. trognon, a stalk—tronc, a stump—L. truncus.]

Truss, trus, n. a bundle: timbers fastened together for binding a beam or supporting a roof: in ships, the rope or iron for keeping the lower yard to the mast: a tuft of flowers at the top of the main stalk or stem: a bandage or apparatus used in hernia to retain reduced parts, or to hinder protusion.—v.t. to bind up: to pack close: to furnish with a truss: to draw tight and tie: to skewer in cooking.—n. ', a wooden beam strengthened by a tie-rod.—adj. Trussed.—n. ', in ship-building, diagonal timbers or iron plates crossing the ribs internally, and consolidating the whole together. [O. Fr. trosser, orig. torser, to bind together—L. tortus, pa.p. of torquēre, to twist.]

Trust, trust, n. trustworthiness: confidence in the truth of anything: confident expectation: a resting on the integrity, friendship, &c. of another: faith: hope: credit (esp. sale on credit or on promise to pay): he who, or that which, is the ground of confidence: that which is given or received in confidence: charge: an arrangement by which property is handed to or vested in a person, in the trust or confidence that he will use and dispose of it for the benefit of another, also the estate so managed for another: in modern commerce, an arrangement for the control of several companies under one direction, to cheapen expenses, regulate production, beat down competition, and so obtain a maximum return.—adj. held in trust.—v.t. to place trust in: to believe: to give credit to: to sell upon credit: to commit to the care of: to expect confidently.—v.i. to be confident or confiding.—ns. ', a deed conveying property to a trustee; ', one to whom anything is entrusted: one to whom the management of a property is committed in trust for the benefit of others; '; '; ', an estate held by trustees.—adj. ', trusting: worthy of trust.—adv. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', confiding.—adv. '.—adj. ', treacherous, unfaithful.—ns. '; '.—adjs. ', worthy of trust or confidence: trusty; ' (comp. ', superl. ), that may be trusted: deserving confidence: honest: strong: firm: (Shak.) involving trust.—Active, or Special, trust, a trust in which the trustee's power of management depends upon his having the right of actual possession; Breach of trust, a violation of duty by a trustee, executor, &c.; In trust, as a charge, for safe-keeping; On trust, on credit. [Scand., Ice. traust, trust; Ger. trost, consolation.]

Truth, trōōth, n. that which is true or according to the facts of the case: agreement with reality: true state of things, or facts: practice of speaking or disposition to speak the truth: fidelity: genuineness: righteous conduct: a true statement: an established principle: in the fine arts, a faithful adherence to nature.—adj. ', full of truth: according to, or adhering to, truth: reliable.—adv. '.—ns. '; '.—adj. '.—ns. '; '; ', one who speaks the truth.—adjs. ', truthfully written; ', truthful.—God's truth, a thing or statement absolutely true; In truth, truly, in fact; Of a truth (B.), truly. [A.S. treówthu—treówe, true.]

Trutinate, trōō′ti-nāt, v.t. (obs.) to weigh.—n. . [L. trutināri—Gr. trytanē, a balance.]

Truttaceous, tru-tā′shi-us, adj. pertaining to, or like, a trout. [Trout.]

Try, trī, v.t. to put to the test or proof: to sift: to prove by experiment: to purify: to examine judiciously: to determine, settle: to examine carefully or experimentally: to experience: to attempt: to use as means: to put to severe trial, cause suffering to: to bring to a decision, to settle.—v.i. to endeavour: to make an effort: (Shak.) to prove by experience: (obs.) to keep a ship's bows to the sea during a gale:—pa.t. and pa.p. tried (trīd).—n. a trial: effort: in Rugby football, the score of three points gained by a player who succeeds in placing the ball with his hand over the enemy's line.—adj. Tried, proved, experienced.—n. '.—adjs. ', ', capable of being tried; Trye (Spens.), proved excellent.—n. ', a place in which oil is extracted from blubber, &c.—adj. , making trial or proof of: adapted to try: searching: severe.—Try on, to put on for trial, as a garment: to attempt; Try back, to revert, hark back. [O. Fr. trier, to pick out, to cull (the grain from the straw), from an assumed L. tritare—terĕre, tritum, to rub.]

Trygon, trī′gon, n. a genus of cartilaginous fishes, of the order of Rays and family Trygonidæ—the sting-ray. [Gr. trygōn, a sting-ray.]

Tryma, trī′ma, n. a drupe with fleshy exocarp, dehiscent. [Gr. tryma, a hole.]

Trypeta, trī-pē′ta, n. a genus of flies, family Trypetidæ, of greenish-yellow colour, forming gall-like deformations in the flower-heads of composite plants. [Gr. trypētēs, a borer—trypan, to bore.]

Trypographic, trip-ō-graf′ik, adj. pertaining to a method of printing by the use of paper stencils. [Gr. trypan, to bore, graphein, to write.]

Trypsin, trip′sin, n. a ferment which occurs in the secretion of the pancreas, and may be isolated from the pancreatic juice, as pepsin from the gastric.—adj. '.—n. ', a substance formed from proteids by pancreatic juice. [Gr., from tribein, to rub, the substance having been first found on rubbing down the pancreas with glycerine.]

Trysail, trī′sāl, or trī′sl, n. a reduced sail used by small craft, instead of their mainsail, in a storm: a small fore-and-aft sail set with a boom and gaff.

Tryst, trīst, n. an appointment to meet: appointed place of meeting: a market.—v.t. to make an appointment with.—v.i. to agree to meet.—ns. '; ', a fixed day of meeting; , an arranged meeting-place.—Bide tryst, to wait for a person at the appointed place and time. [A variant of trust.]

Tsabian. See Sabian.

Tsamba, tsam′ba, n. ground black barley, the chief food of Tibet.

Tsar, tsär, n. better form of Czar.

Tsetse, tset′sē, n. a dipterous insect of South Africa (Glossina morsitans), not much larger than the common house-fly, brownish, with four yellow bars across the abdomen, strangely limited within sharply defined areas or 'fly-belts.' Its bite is fatal to the ox, horse, and dog.

Tsuba, tsōō′ba, n. the guard of a Japanese sword.

Tsun, tsun, n. a Chinese inch, 1 &frasl; 10 th of the chih.

Tsung-tuh, tsung′-tu′, n. a Chinese viceroy, the highest provincial governor.

Tuath, tū′ath, n. an ancient Irish territorial division.

Tub, tub, n. a two-handed open wooden vessel: a vessel made of staves and hoops: a small cask: anything like a tub: the quantity a tub holds: (slang) a pulpit: a clumsy boat: a receptacle for bathing water: the act of bathing in a tub.—v.t. to set, to bathe, in a tub.—v.i. to take a bath in a tub.—n. ', the art of, or the material for, making tubs: in mining, a method of keeping out the water in sinking a shaft in watery ground: a tub-bath: rowing in clumsy boats.—adjs. ', round and fat; ', sounding like an empty tub: dull: wanting elasticity of sound: round like a tub.—ns. ' (Shak.) a process of treating venereal disease by sweating in a hot tub; ', as much as a tub will hold; ', a Welsh car; ' (slang), a ranting preacher; ', a kind of bowl-shaped water-wheel like the turbine, with spiral flanges at the exterior. [Low Ger. tubbe; Dut. tobbe.]

Tuba, tū′ba, n. a large, low-pitched trumpet-shaped instrument: in organs, a reed-stop of large scale: (anat.) a tube, or tubular organ:—pl. ', ' (-bē, [L.]

Tube, tūb, n. a pipe: a long hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluids, &c.: a canal: the body of a musical instrument: a telescope: a cylindrical receptacle for holding semi-fluid substances, as pigments.—v.t. to furnish with, enclose in, a tube.—n. ', the act or process of lining a heavy gun by insertion of a tube of wrought-iron, &c.: (med.) the insertion of a tube into the larynx, &c.—adjs. ', '.—n. ', a pipe used to obtain water from beneath the ground, having a sharp point and a number of perforations just above the point.—adjs. ', ', ', inhabiting a tube: spinning a tubular web; ', having tubular flowers; ', shaped like a tube.—n. ', the act of making tubes: tubes collectively: material for tubes.—adjs. ', having the form of a tube: having a sound like that made by the passage of air through a tube; ', hydriform in tubular shape with wide disc; ', ', ', ', formed like a tube: formed of tubes.—n. ', a small tube.—adj. ', having the form of a small tube. [Fr.,—L. tubus, a pipe.]

Tuber, tū′bėr, n. a knob in roots: a rounded, fleshy underground stem, as in the potato, formed by a part of the stem becoming thick and fleshy: a swelling.—ns. ', ', a little tuber: a small rounded elevation on a bodily organ.—adjs. ', bearing tubers; '.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', ', having, or consisting of, tubers: knobbed. [L. tuber, a swelling, from root of L. tumēre, to swell.]

Tubercle, tū′bėr-kl, n. a small tuber or swelling: a pimple: a small knob on leaves: the characteristic product of a specific micro-organism, the Bacillus tuberculosis—a new formation belonging to the group of Granulomata or granulative growths, which, in virtue of their recognised infectiveness, have been classed as Infective Granulomata.—adjs. ', having tubercles; '; ', ', ', ', pertaining to tubercles: pimpled: affected with, or caused by, tubercles.—ns. ', ', a liquid prepared by Koch in 1890, a forty to fifty per cent. glycerine solution of a pure cultivation of the tubercle bacillus, injected into the subcutaneous tissues of persons affected with tuberculosis; '.—v.t. '.—adjs. '; '.—ns. ', a specific infective disease induced by the invasion of the Bacillus tuberculosis, and characterised by the presence of tubercle or other tubercular formations—consumption or phthisis; ', a tubercle. [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber.]

Tuberose, tū′be-rōs, or tūb′rōz, n. a genus of Liliaceæ—the Common Tuberose, a garden and greenhouse bulb, having creamy-white, fragrant flowers. [From L. tuberosa, tuberous, used in the botanical name Polianthes tuberosa; the second pronunciation shows popular confusion with rose.]

Tubisen, tū′bi-sen, n. a trumpeter.—v.i. , to blow a trumpet. [L.]

Tucan, tōō′kan, n. the Mexican pocket-gopher.

Tuck, tuk, n, a rapier: a blow, tap: a blast, flourish. [O. Fr. estoc; perh. cog. with Ger. stock, a stock.]

Tuck, tuk, v.t. to draw or press in or together: to stuff, cram: to fold under: to gather up: to enclose by pressing clothes closely around: (slang) to eat (with in).—n. a horizontal fold in a garment: (naut.) the afterpart of a ship, immediately under the stern or counter, where the ends of the bottom planks are collected and terminate by the tuck-rail: (slang) eatables, pastry.—n. ', a piece of cloth tucked or drawn over the bosom, worn by women and children: (slang) food, also work that scarcely yields a living wage.—v.t. (Amer. slang) to tire exceedingly.—ns. ' (slang), a hearty meal—also '; ' (slang), a confectioner's or a pastry-cook's shop.—Tuck up, to gather up: to contract: to make tucks: (slang) to hang. [A.S. tucian, to pull; cog. with Low Ger. tukken, Ger. zucken; also with A.S. teón, Ger. ziehen, to draw.]

Tuckahoe, tuk′a-hō, n. an edible but tasteless underground fungus growing as a saprophyte on the roots of the trees in the southern United States—also called Indian bread.

Tucket, tuk′et, n. (Shak.) a flourish on a trumpet.—n.  (Shak.), the sound or signal of the tucket. [It. toccata, a touch—toccare, to touch.]

Tudor, tū′dor, adj. pertaining to the royal line of the Tudors (1485-1603): pertaining to the Tudor style of architecture.—Tudor flower, a trefoil ornament frequent in Tudor architecture; Tudor rose, the conventional five-lobed flower adopted as a badge by Henry VII.; Tudor style (archit.), a rather indefinite term applied to the Late Perpendicular, and the transition from that to Elizabethan—it is characterised by a flat arch, shallow mouldings, and a profusion of panelling on the walls.

Tuesday, tūz′dā, n. the third day of the week. [A.S. Tíwes dæg, the day of Tíw (the god of war)=Ger. die(n)s-tag; cf. L. dies Martis. Tíw (Ice. Týr, Old High Ger. Zío) is cog. with Gr. Zeus, Dios, and L. Ju-piter, Jovis.]

Tufa, tū′fa, n. a variety of calcium carbonate usually deposited from springs—calcareous tufa; the word was formerly used as synonymous with tuff.—adj. . [It. tufa—L. tofus, a soft stone.]

Tuff, tuf, n. generally volcanic tuff, the name given to the comminuted rock-débris ejected from a volcanic orifice. [Fr. tuf, tuffe—It. tufo, tufa—L. tofus.]

Tuft, tuft, n. a green knoll: a grove, clump. [A.S toft—Ice. topt, tupt, a piece of ground.]

Tuft, tuft, n. a number of small things in a knot: a cluster: a dense head of flowers: (university slang) a titled undergraduate, from the tuft or tassel in the cap: an imperial.—v.t. to separate into tufts: to adorn with tufts.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', one over-eager to form acquaintance with persons of rank or consequence: a mean hanger-on of the great; ', the practice of a tuft-hunter. [O. Fr. tuffe (Fr. touffe), from the Teut., as Low Ger. topp, Ger. zopf.]

Tug, tug, v.t. to pull with effort: to drag along.—v.i. to pull with great effort: to struggle:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. tugged.—n. a strong pull: a steam-vessel for towing ships: a strong rope.—ns. ', a strongly-built steamship for towing vessels; ', one who tugs.—adv. '.—n. ', a laborious contest: a contest in which opposing teams tug at the end of a rope, in their efforts to pull one another over a line marked on the ground between them. [Closely conn. with tuck and tow (v.).]

Tuille, twēl, n. in armour, a steel plate hanging below the tassets.—n.  (dim.). [Fr.,—L. tegula, a tile.]

Tuilyie, Tuilzie, tōōl′yi, n. (Scot.) a struggle.

Tuism, tū′izm, n. the theory that all thought is directed to a second person or to one's future self as such.

Tuition, tū-ish′un, n. care over a young person: teaching, the fee paid for such.—adj. . [L. tuitio—tuēri, tuitus, to see.]

Tula-work, tōō′la-wurk, n. niello-work, a kind of decorative work, done chiefly on silver, executed largely at Tula in Russia.

Tulchan, tul′kan, n. a calf's skin stuffed with straw, and set beside a cow, to make her give her milk freely.—Tulchan bishops, the titular bishops of the Scottish Church, who in 1572 agreed to hold office, letting all the revenues of their charge, except a miserable pittance, be absorbed by the nobles as lay patrons. [Orig. unknown.]

Tulip, tū′lip, n. a genus of bulbous plants of the order Liliaceæ, with over forty species, having highly-coloured bell-shaped flowers.—adj. ', prick-eared, as a dog.—ns. ', a craze for the cultivation of tulips; ', a large North American tree, having tulip-like flowers; ', the soft, fine, straight-grained wood of the tulip-tree. [O. Fr. tulipe, tulippe, tulipan—Turk. tulbend, a turban.]

Tulle, tōōl, n. a delicate kind of thin silk network fabric of a very open structure used for the trimmings of ladies' dresses, and also for caps and veils. [Fr.: from Tulle, in the department of Corrèze.]

Tullian, tul′i-an, adj. relating to, or resembling, Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Roman orator.

Tulwar, tul′wär, n. a Sikh form of sabre.

Tumble, tum′bl, v.i. to fall: to come down suddenly and violently: to roll: to twist the body, as a mountebank: to fall rapidly, as prices: to go hastily: (slang) to understand, twig.—v.t. to throw headlong: to turn over: to throw about while examining: to disorder, rumple.—n. act of tumbling: a fall: a rolling over, a somersault: confusion.—ns. ', one of several kinds of scarabæoid beetles, which roll up balls of dung to protect their eggs; ', a one-horse car.—adj. ', dilapidated.—ns. ', one who tumbles: one who plays any of the feats or tricks of the acrobat or contortionist: a large drinking-glass, so called because formerly, having a pointed base, it could not be set down without tumbling: a kind of domestic pigeon, so called from its tumbling on the wing: a kind of greyhound: a kind of spring-latch in a lock, preventing the bolt being shot in either direction: a piece attached to the hammer of a firearm lock, receiving the thrust of the mainspring and forcing the hammer forward so as to strike and explode the charge: a porpoise: one of a gang of London street ruffians early in the 18th century, whose favourite frolic was to set women on their heads: a tumbril: one of a set of levers from which hang the heddles in some looms; ', as much as will fill a tumbler; ', a tray for tumblers, as in connection with a soda-water fountain; ', in plumbing, a flush-tank in which water gathers in one chamber before being tilted over so as to discharge its contents; ', a revolving stand fitted with projecting pipes on which tumblers are hung to be washed automatically; ', a name given to several plants whose globular flowering heads are detached in autumn and rolled about, scattering their seed; ', the act of falling.—adj. , uneven.—Tumble in, or home, to incline in above the extreme breadth, of a ship's sides: to fit, as a piece of timber into other work: to go to bed; Tumble over, to toss about carelessly, to upset: to fall over; Tumble to (slang), to comprehend; Tumble up, to get out of bed: to throw into confusion. [A.S. tumbian; cf. Old High Ger. tūmilōn (Ger. taumeln), Ice. tumba, to dance.]

Tumbrel, tum′brel, Tumbril, tum′bril, n. a cart with two wheels for conveying the tools of pioneers, artillery stores, &c.: a dung-cart: the name given to the carts which conveyed victims to the guillotine during the French Revolution. [O. Fr. tomberel (Fr. tombereau)—tomber, to fall, because the body of the cart could be tumbled without unyoking.]

Tumefy, tū′me-fī, v.t. to cause to swell.—v.i. to swell: to rise in a tumour:—pa.t. and pa.p. —n. , tumour: swelling. [L. tumefacĕre—tumēre, to swell, facĕre, to make.]

Tumid, tū′mid, adj. swollen or enlarged: inflated: falsely sublime: bombastic.—n. '.—adj. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. . [L. tumidus—tumēre, to swell.]

Tumour, tū′mor, n. a morbid swelling on any of the cutaneous, mucous, or serous surfaces in any part of the body, of independent growth. [L. tumor—tumēre, to swell.]

Tump, tump, n. (prov.) a hillock.—v.t. to gather a mass of earth round a plant.—adj. , uneven.

Tump-line, tump′-līn, n. a strap across the forehead or breast by means of which a burden is carried through the Canadian forests. [Temple-line.]

Tum-tum, tum′-tum, n. a West Indian dish of boiled plantains.

Tumult, tū′mult, n. uproar of a multitude: violent agitation with confused sounds: high excitement.—adv. '.—n. '.—adjs. ', ', full of tumult: disorderly: agitated: noisy.—v.i. ', to make a tumult.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. '; , commotion. [L. tumultus—tumēre, to swell.]

Tumulus, tū′mū-lus, n. a mound of earth over a grave: a barrow:—pl. '.—adjs. ', ', '.—v.t. ', to cover with a mound.—n. '. [L.,—tumēre, to swell.]

Tun, tun, n. a large cask: an obsolete liquid measure of capacity—in old ale and beer measure, 216 gallons; in old wine measure, 252 gallons.—v.t. to store in a tun.—ns. ', a big pot-belly; ' (Shak.), a wooden funnel; ', a tax on imported wines; ', the act of brewing, the amount brewed at one time. [A.S. tunne.]

Tuna, tū′na, n. a prickly pear, also its fruit.

Tundra, tōōn′dra, n. one of the level treeless plains of northern Russia, both in Europe and Asia. [Russ.]

Tundun, tun′dun, n. a bull-roarer.

Tune, tūn, n. a melodious succession of notes or chords in a particular key: the relation of notes and intervals to each other causing melody: state of giving the proper sound: harmony: a melody or air: frame of mind, temper.—v.t. to adjust the tones, as of a musical instrument: to play upon, celebrate in music: to give a certain character to.—adj. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—adj. ', full of tune or harmony: melodious: musical.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', without tune or melody: silent.—ns. ', one who tunes or adjusts the sounds of musical instruments: one who makes music, or sings: in organs, an adjustable flap for altering the pitch of the tone; ', the art of bringing musical instruments into tune; ', a steel two-pronged instrument, designed when set in vibration to give a musical sound of a certain pitch; , a tuning-wrench with hammer attachment for regulating tension in stringed instruments.—Tune up, to begin to sing or play.—Change one's tune, Sing another tune, to alter one's attitude, or one's way of talking; In tune, harmonious; Out of tune, inharmonious; To the tune of, to the amount of. [A doublet of tone.]

Tungsten, tung′sten, n. a rare metal, chiefly derived from wolfram, which is a tungstate of iron and manganese, and likewise found in scheelite, which is a tungstate of lime.—n. ', a salt of tungstic acid.—adjs. '; '; '.—n. , native oxide of tungsten. [Sw.,—tung, heavy, sten, stone.]

Tungusic, tun-gōō′sik, adj. pertaining to the Tunguses, an ethnographic group of the Ural-Altaic family.—n. ', one of this people or their language.—adj. '.

Tunic, tū′nik, n. a loose frock worn by females and boys: an ecclesiastical short-sleeved vestment, worn over the alb at mass by the sub-deacon, very similar to the dalmatic, but smaller: a military surcoat: the ordinary fatigue-coat of a private soldier, also the coat of an officer: (anat.) a membrane that covers some organ: (bot.) a covering, as of a seed.—n. ', a class of remarkable animals, many of which are popularly known as Ascidians or sea-squirts—now regarded as occupying a lowly place among vertebrate or chordate animals.—adjs. ', ' (bot.), covered with a tunic or with layers.—n. ', a little tunic: as an ecclesiastical vestment, the same as tunic. [Fr. tunique—L. tunica, an under-garment of both sexes.]

Tunker, tungk′ėr, n. Same as Dunker (q.v.).

Tun-moot, tun′-mōōt, n. an assembly of the town or village. [A.S. tún, town, gemót, meeting.]

Tunnel, tun′el, n. an arched passage cut through a hill or under a river, &c.: the long underground burrow of certain animals, as the mole: any mine-level open at one end: (Spens.) a flue, chimney.—v.t. to make a passage through: to hollow out:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. , a net wide at the mouth and narrow at the other end. [O. Fr. tonnel (Fr. tonneau), a cask; also O. Fr. tonnelle, an arched vault, dim. of tonne, a cask.]

Tunny, tun′i, n. a very large fish of the mackerel family (Scombridæ), fished chiefly on the Mediterranean coasts. [L. thunnus—Gr. thynnos—thynein, to dart along.]