Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Touse Trifacial

Touse, towz, v.t. (Spens.) to pull, to tear, to tease or worry:—pr.p. pa.p. toused.—n. a pull: a disturbance.—n. ', one who, or that which, touses.—v.t. ' (coll.), to disarrange, to tumble.—adj. , shaggy, unkempt, tousled.

Tout, towt, v.i. to look out for custom in an obtrusive way.—n. one who does so: a low fellow who hangs about racing-stables, &c., to pick up profitable information.—n. , one who touts. [A.S. tótian, to look out.]

Tout, towt, v.i. (Scot.) to pout.—n. a pet, a fit of the sulks, a sudden illness.—adj. , petulant.

Tow, tō, v.t. to pull a vessel through the water with a rope.—n. originally a rope for towing with: the coarse part of flax or hemp: the act of towing.—ns. ', act of towing: money for towing; ', a boat that is towed, or one used for towing other vessels.—n.pl. ', upright timbers projecting above the deck for fastening tow-lines to.—ns. ', a drag-net for collecting objects of natural history, &c.; ', ', a path, generally by the side of a canal or river, for horses towing barges; ', a toggle-iron used in whaling; ', a line used in towing.—adj. , like tow. [A.S. teóhan, teón. Cf. Tug.]

Toward, tō′ard, Towards, tō′ardz, prep. in the direction of: with a tendency to: for, as a help to: near, about.—adv. nearly: in a state of preparation. [A.S. tóweard, adj.—tó, to, and ward, sig. direction.]

Toward, -ly, tō′ward, -li, adj. ready to do or learn: apt.—ns. ', '.

Towel, tow′el, n. a cloth for wiping the skin after it is washed, and for other purposes: an altar-cloth.—ns. ', ', a frame for hanging towels on; , cloth for towels: a thrashing.—A lead towel, a bullet; An oaken towel, a cudgel. [O. Fr. touaille—Old High Ger. twahilla (Ger. zwehle)—Old High Ger. twahan, to wash.]

Tower, tow′ėr, n. a lofty building, standing alone or forming part of another: a fortress: (her.) a bearing representing a tower with battlements, &c.: a high head-dress worn by women under William III. and Anne.—v.i. to rise into the air: to be lofty.—v.t. (Milt.) to rise aloft into.—adjs. ', having towers; ', very high, elevated: very violent; , having towers: lofty. [O. Fr. tur—L. turris, a tower.]

Towhee, tow′hē, n. the chewink, ground-robin, or marsh-robin of the United States. [Imit.]

Town, town, n. a place larger than a village, not a city: the inhabitants of a town.—ns. ', a clerk who keeps the records of a town; ', the governing body in a town, elected by the ratepayers; ', a member of a town-council; ', one who cries or makes public proclamations in a town; ', a public hall for the official business of a town; ', a house or building for transacting the public business of a town: a house in town as opposed to one in the country.—adj. ', characteristic of town as opposed to country.—ns. ', a township; ', in New England, a primary meeting of the voters of a town.—n.pl. ', the folk or people of a town.—ns. ', the territory or district of a town: the corporation of a town: a district; ', an inhabitant or fellow-inhabitant of a town.—n.pl. ', townsfolk.—ns. ', the general talk of a town: the subject of common conversation; , a townsman. [A.S. tún, an enclosure, town; Ice. tún, an enclosure, Ger. zaun, a hedge.]

To-worne, tōō-worn′, p.adj. (Spens.) worn-out.

Toxicology, tok-si-kol′ō-ji, n. the science of poisons.—ns. ', ', ', ', blood-poisoning.—adjs. ', ', septicemic; ', ', pertaining to poisons, toxicological.—adv. '.—adj. ', poisoning.—n. a poison.—adj. ', pertaining to toxicology.—adv. '.—ns. ', one versed in toxicology; ', a morbid condition caused by the action of a poison; ', ', a poisonous ptomaine. [Gr. toxikon, arrow-poison—toxikos, for the bow—toxon, a bow, logia—legein, to say.]

Toxophilite, tok-sof′i-līt, n. a lover of archery: an archer.—adj. . [Gr. toxon, a bow, philein, to love.]

Toy, toi, n. a child's plaything: a trifle: a thing only for amusement or look: a curious conceit, a story: a matter of no importance: amorous sport.—v.i. to trifle: to dally amorously.—n. ', one who toys.—adj. ', given to toying or trifling: playful: wanton.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', one who deals in toys; ', a shop where toys are sold.—adj. , disposed to toy: wanton. [Dut. tuig, tools; Ger. zeng, stuff.]

Toyle, toil (Spens.). Same as Toil (1).

Toze, tōz, v.t. (Shak.) to pull by violence or importunity:—pr.p. pa.p. tōzed.

Trabeated, trä-bē-ā′ted, adj. having an entablature: belonging to beam or lintel construction.—adj. '.—ns. ', a robe of state worn by consuls, augurs, &c. in ancient Rome:—pl. '; ', an entablature: combination of beams in a structure; ' (bot.), a projection from the cell-wall across the cell-cavity of the ducts of certain plants: one of the fibrous cords of connective tissue in the substance of spleen, kidneys, &c.: one of the fleshy columns, or columnæ carneæ, in the ventricle of the heart, to which the chordæ tendineæ are attached: (entom.) one of the pair of movable appendages on the head, in front of the antennæ of some mallophagous insects—also ':—pl. '.—adj. '.—n. '.—adjs. ', , having a trabecula. [L. trabs, a beam.]

Trace, trās, n. a mark left: footprint: a small quantity: (fort.) the ground-plan of a work.—v.t. to follow by tracks or footsteps, to discover the tracks of, to follow step by step, to traverse: to follow with exactness: to sketch: to cover with traced lines or tracery.—v.i. to move, travel: to dance.—adj. ', that may be traced.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. '; , ornamentation traced in flowing outline: the beautiful forms in stone with which the arches of Gothic windows are filled for the support of the glass. [Fr.,—L. tructus, pa.p. of trahĕre, to draw.]

Trace, trās, n. one of the straps by which a vehicle is drawn. [O. Fr. trays, trais, same as traits, pl. of trait; cf. Trait.]

Trachea, tra-kē′a, n. that part of the air-passages which lies between the larynx and the bronchi:—pl. '.—adjs. ', pertaining to the trachea; ', having tracheæ.—n.pl. ', the tracheate arachnidans.—adjs. ', pertaining to the tracheate arachnidans; ', pertaining to the trachea; ', ', having a trachea.—ns. ', tracheary tissue; ', a breathing-organ of certain aquatic insect larvæ.—adj. ', pertaining to the trachea and the bronchi.—n. ', an enlargement of the thyroid gland.—adj. ', pertaining to tracheoscopy.—ns. ', one who practises tracheoscopy; ', the inspection of the trachea; ', a knife used in tracheotomy; ', one who practices tracheotomy; ', the operation of making an opening in the trachea; ', ', inflammation of the trachea. [L. trachīa—Gr. trachys, tracheia, rough.]

Trachelium, trā-kē′li-um, n. the neck of a column: a genus of Campanulaceæ, native to the Mediterranean region.—adj. , pertaining to the nape of the neck and the hind-head. [Gr. trachēlos, the neck.]

Trachinus, trā-kī′nus, n. the typical genus of Trachinidæ, a family of acanthopterygian fishes, the weevers. [Gr. trachys, rough.]

Trachle, Trauchle, träh′l, v.t. (Scot.) to draggle: to fatigue.—n. a long and exhausting effort.—adj. , dirty, slovenly.

Trachoma, tra-kō′ma, n. a disease of the eye, with hard pustules on the inner surface of the eyelids.

Trachurus, trā-kū′rus, n. a genus of carangoid fishes, the saurels. [Gr. trachys, rough, oura, tail.]

Trachyte, trā′kīt, n. a crystalline igneous rock, generally grayish in colour, usually fine-grained or compact, more or less markedly porphyritic, with large crystals of sanidine and scales of black mica.—adjs. '; '. [Gr. trachys, rough.]

Tracing, trā′sing, n. act of one who traces: act of copying by marking on thin paper the lines of a pattern placed beneath: the copy so produced.—n. , a transparent paper which, when laid over a drawing, &c., allows the drawing to be seen through it, so that a copy can be made by tracing the lines of the original on the paper.

Track, trak, v.t. to follow by marks or footsteps: to tow: to traverse: to make marks upon.—n. a mark left: footprint: a beaten path: course laid out for horse, foot, or bicycle races: the two continuous lines of rails on which railway carriages run.—ns. ', a drawing or towing, as of a boat; ', a boat towed by a line from the shore; ', a guard in front of the wheels of a locomotive, &c., to clear any obstruction from the track; ', one who, or that which, tracks; ', a workman engaged in laying railway-tracks.—adj. ', without a path: untrodden.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', one who has charge of a railway-track; ', a towing-path; , a trackman having charge of a certain section of railway-track.—In one's tracks, just where one stands; Make tracks, to go away hastily, to decamp; Make tracks for, to go after; Off the track, derailed, of a railway carriage, &c.: away from the proper subject. [Fr. trac—Dut. trek, draught, trekken, to draw.]

Tract, trakt, n. something drawn out or extended: continued duration: a region, area: a short treatise: an anthem sung instead of the Alleluia after the gradual, or instead of it, from Septuagesima till Easter-eve.—n. ', quality or state of being tractable: docility.—adj. ', easily drawn, managed, or taught: docile.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. ', a treatise, tract.—adj. ', that may be drawn out.—ns. ', the quality of being tractile: ductility; ', act of drawing or state of being drawn; ', a steam vehicle for hauling heavy weights along a road, &c.—adj. ', that draws or pulls.—ns. ', that which draws, esp. in pl. metallic tractors, two bars of iron and of steel, drawn over diseased parts of the body to give supposed relief; ', the use of metallic tractors in medicine. [L. tractus, pa.p. of trahĕre, to draw.]

Tractarian, trakt-ār′i-an, n. one of the writers of the famous Tracts for the Times, published at Oxford during the years 1833-41—Pusey, Newman, Keble, Hurrell Froude, and Isaac Williams.—ns. ', the system of religious opinion promulgated in these, its main aim to assert the authority and dignity of the Anglican Church; ', one of the writers of the foregoing.

Trade, trād, n. buying and selling: commerce: occupation, craft; men engaged in the same occupation: rubbish.—v.i. to buy and sell: to act merely for money.—v.i. to traffic with.—adjs. ' (Shak.), versed, practised; ' (Spens.), commercial, busy in traffic.—ns. ', a hall for the meetings of any trade or guild; ', any name or distinctive device warranting goods for sale as the production of any individual or firm; ', the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or are sold by wholesale to retail dealers; '; ', an auction sale of goods by producers, &c., to persons in the trade.—n.pl. ', people employed in trade.—n. ', a common name for a shopkeeper: a mechanic:—fem. '.—n.pl. ', people employed in various trades, esp. shopkeeping, &c.—ns. ', ', an organised association of the workmen of any trade or industry for the protection of their common interests; '; '; ', a wind blowing steadily toward the thermal equator and deflected westwardly by the eastward rotation of the earth.—adj. , carrying on commerce (also n.): (Milt.) frequented by traders, denoting places where the trade-winds blow.—Trade on, to take advantage of.—Board of Trade, a department of government for control of railways, mercantile marine, harbours, and commercial matters generally. [A.S. træd, pa.t. of tredan, to tread. Not Fr. traite, transport of goods—L. tractāre, freq. of trahĕre, to draw.]

Trade, trād, n. (Spens.) same as Tread: (Shak.) beaten path.

Tradition, tra-dish′un, n. the handing down of opinions or practices to posterity unwritten: a belief or practice thus handed down.—adjs. ', ', delivered by tradition.—ns. '; '.—advs. ', '.—n. ', one who adheres to tradition.—adj. ', traditional. [L.,—trans, over, dăre, to give.]

Traditor, trad′i-tor, n. one of those early Christians who under persecution gave up copies of the Scriptures, the sacred vessels, or the names of their fellow-Christians. [L.,—tradĕre; to give up.]

Traduce, tra-dūs′, v.t. to calumniate: to defame.—ns. ', the act of traducing: (Shak.) misrepresentation, calumny; '.—adj. '.—adv. '. [L. traducĕre, to lead along—trans, across, ducĕre, to lead.]

Traduction, tra-duk′shun, n. the act of transferring, conveyance: (Spens.) transfer: transmission from one to another, tradition: derivation from one of the same kind.—ns. ', one who believes in traducianism; ', the belief, long prevalent in the Western Church, that children receive soul as well as body from their parents through natural generation—every soul being a fresh creation—also Generationism.—adj. .

Traffic, traf′ik, n. commerce: large trade: the business done on a railway, &c.—v.i. to trade: to trade meanly.—v.t. to exchange:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. '.—adj. '.—n. , the manager of the traffic on a railway, &c. [O. Fr. trafique; cf. It. trafficare, prob. from L. trans, across, and Low L. vicāre, to exchange—L. vicis, change; not from facĕre, to make.]

Tragacanth, trag′a-kanth, n. a name given to several low spiny shrubs of the genus Astragalus, found in western Asia, as well as to the mucilaginous substance or gum derived from them.

Tragalism, trag′a-lizm, n. goatishness, lust.

Tragedy, traj′e-di, n. a species of drama in which the action and language are elevated, and the catastrophe sad: any mournful and dreadful event.—n. ', an actor of tragedy:—fem. '.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to tragedy: sorrowful: calamitous.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', a dramatic piece in which grave and comic scenes are blended.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '. [Lit. 'goat-song,' so called either from the old dramas being exhibited when a goat was sacrificed, or from a goat being the prize, or because the actors were dressed in goat-skins—L. tragœdia—Gr. tragōdia—tragos, a he-goat, aoidos, ōdos, a singer—aeidein, adein, to sing.]

Tragelaphus, trā-jel′a-fus, n. a fabulous animal associated with Diana: a genus of African antelopes, the boschbok, &c. [Gr.,—tragos, a goat, elaphos, a deer.]

Tragopan, trag′ō-pan, n. a genus of birds in the pheasant family, represented by five species in India and China, of most brilliant plumage.

Traguline, trag′ū-lin, adj. goat-like.

Tragus, trā′gus, n. a small prominence at the entrance of the external ear: a corresponding process in bats, &c. [Gr. tragos.]

Traik, trāk, v.i. (Scot.) to wander about, to get lost: to decline in health.—n. a misfortune: the mutton of sheep that have died of disease or accident.—adj. , worn out.—Traik after, to dangle after.

Trail, trāl, v.t. to draw along the ground: to hunt by tracking: to draw out, lead on: to tread down, as grass, by walking through: to carry, as a musket or pike, in an oblique forward position, the breech or the butt near the ground.—v.i. to be drawn out in length, to hang or drag loosely behind: to run or climb as a plant: to move with slow sweeping motion: to drag one's self lazily along.—n. anything drawn out in length: track followed by the hunter.—ns. ', one who trails: a climbing plant: a carriage dragged (or trailed) behind another to which the motive power is applied; ', a drag-net. [O. Fr. traail—Low L. trahale—L. traha, a sledge—trahĕre, to draw.]

Train, trān, v.t. to draw along: to allure: to educate: to discipline: to tame for use, as animals: to cause to grow properly: to prepare men for athletic feats, or horses for the race.—v.i. to exercise, to prepare one's self for anything: to be under drill: to travel by train: (coll.) to be on intimate terms with.—n. that which is drawn along after something else: the part of a dress which trails behind the wearer: a retinue: a series: process: a clue, trace: a line of gunpowder to fire a charge: a line of carriages on a railway: a set of wheels acting on each other, for transmitting motion: a string of animals, &c.: a lure, stratagem.—adj. ', capable of being trained.—ns. ', a band of citizens trained to bear arms; ', one who bears or holds up a train, as of a robe or gown.—adj. Trained, formed by training, skilled.—ns. ', one who prepares men for athletic feats, horses for a race, or the like; ', practical education in any profession, art, or handicraft: the method adopted by athletes for developing their physical strength, endurance, or dexterity, or to qualify them for victory in competitive trials of skill, races, matches, &c.—including both bodily exercise and regulated dieting; ', ', the same as Normal school (see Norm); ', a ship equipped with instructors, &c., to train boys for the sea; , one of the aggregate number of miles traversed by the trains of any system—a unit of calculation.—Train fine, to discipline the body to a high pitch of effectiveness: to train the intellectual powers. [Fr. train, trainer, through Low L. forms from L. trahĕre, to draw.]

Train-oil, trān′-oil, n. whale-oil extracted from the blubber by boiling. [Old Dut. traen, whale-oil.]

Traipse. See Trape.

Trait, trā, or trāt, n. a drawing: a touch: a feature. [Fr.,—L. tractus, trahĕre, to draw.]

Traitor, trā′tur, n. one who, being trusted, betrays: one guilty of treason: a deceiver:—fem. '.—n. '.—adv. ' (Shak.).—adj. ', like a traitor: perfidious: treasonable.—adv. '.—n. '. [Fr. traître—L. traditor—tradĕre, to give up.]

Trajectory, tra-jek′tō-ri, n. the curve described by a body (as a planet or a projectile) under the action of given forces.—v.t. ', to throw across.—ns. ', a ferry: transmission; , a crossing. [From L. trajicĕre, -jectum—trans, across, jacĕre, to throw.]

Tram, tram, n. a tramway or tramway-line: a four-wheeled coal-wagon in pits: a beam, bar, the shaft of a cart, barrow, &c.—ns. ', a tramway-car; ', the socket in which an upright spindle is stepped; ', ', a road or way for carriages or wagons to run along easily; , a carriage for conveying passengers along the public streets, running on rails, drawn by horses or impelled by cable traction, electrical power, or steam. [Prov. Eng. tram, a beam, is prob. cog. with Sw. dial. tromm, a log, Low Ger. traam, a beam, &c.]

Trammel, tram′el, n. a net used in fowling and fishing: shackles for making a horse amble: anything that confines.—v.t. to shackle: to confine:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. . [O. Fr. tramail, a net—Low L. tramacula, from L. tres, three, macula, a mesh.]

Tramontane, tra-mon′tān, adj. lying beyond the mountains (originally the Alps), from Rome: foreign: uncivilised.—n. , the north wind. [L. trans, beyond, mons, montis, a mountain.]

Tramp, tramp, v.t. to tread, to travel over on foot: (Scot.) to tread clothes in a tub of water so as to cleanse them.—v.i. to walk, to go on foot: to wander about as a vagrant.—n. a foot-journey: a vagrant: a plate of iron worn by diggers under the hollow of the foot to save the shoe.—n. '.—vs.i. ', ', to tramp about.—n. ', an iron pick forced by the foot into the ground. [M. E. trampen; an extension of trap, trip; cf. Ger. trampen.]

Trample, tramp′l, v.t. to tread under foot: to tread with pride, to insult.—v.i. to tread in contempt: to tread forcibly and rapidly.—n. a trampling.—n. . [A freq. of tramp.]

Trance, trans, n. a morbid sleep, differing from natural repose in duration, in profound insensibility, &c.—the concomitant or symptom of diseases of the nervous system, particularly hysteria: catalepsy.—adv. Tranced (Shak.), lying in a trance or ecstasy.—adv. . [Fr. transe—L. transitum—trans-īre, to go across, in Late L. to die.]

Tranect, tra-nekt′, n. (Shak.) a ferry. [L. trans, across, nectĕre, to join.]

Trangle, trang′gl, n. (her.) one of the diminutives of the fesse.

Trangram, trang′gram, n. a trumpery gimcrack.—Also .

Trank, trangk, n. an oblong piece of skin from which the pieces for a glove are cut.

Tranka, trang′kä, n. a long cylindrical box balanced on their feet by jugglers.

Tranquil, trang′kwil, adj. quiet: peaceful.—n. '.—v.t. ', to make tranquil.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. , state of being tranquil: quietness. [Fr.,—L. tranquillus.]

Transact, trans-akt′, v.t. to manage: to perform.—v.i. to manage anything.—ns. ', act of transacting: management of any affair: an affair: (pl.) the reports or publications of certain learned societies; '. [L. transactum, pa.p. of transigĕre—trans, through, agĕre, carry on.]

Transalpine, trans-al′pin, adj. beyond the Alps (in regard to Rome). [L. transalpinus—trans, beyond, Alpinus, pertaining to the Alps.]

Transatlantic, trans-at-lan′tik, adj. beyond the Atlantic Ocean: crossing the Atlantic.

Transcend, tran-send′, v.t. to rise above: to surmount: to surpass: to exceed.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', transcending: superior or supreme in excellence: surpassing others: as applicable to being, relating to the absolute, transcending all limitation—as applicable to knowledge, pertaining to what transcends experience, being given à priori: beyond human knowledge: abstrusely speculative, fantastic; ', transcending: supereminent, surpassing others: concerned with what is independent of experience: vague.—v.t. '.—ns. ', the investigation of what is à priori in human knowledge, or independent of experience: that which is vague and illusive in philosophy: the American reaction against Puritan prejudices, humdrum orthodoxy, old-fashioned metaphysics, materialistic philistinism, and materialism—best associated with the name of R. W. Emerson (1803-82); '.—advs. '; '.—n. '. [L. trans, beyond, scandĕre, to climb.]

Transcribe, tran-skrīb′, v.t. to write over from one book into another: to copy.—ns. '; ', that which is transcribed: a copy; ', the act of copying: a transcript: a copy.—adjs. '; '.—adv. '. [L. transcribĕre, -scriptum—trans, over, scribĕre, to write.]

Transcurrent, trans-kur′ent, adj. passing transversely, as the postfrena of a beetle.

Transductor, trans-duk′tor, n. that which draws across, esp. a muscle of the great-toe.—n. , the act of carrying over.

Transenna, tran-sen′a, n. a lattice-grating for enclosing shrines, as those of martyrs, while yet allowing the coffer to be seen.

Transept, tran′sept, n. one of the wings or cross-aisles of a church, at right angles to the nave. [L. trans, across, septum, an enclosure—sepes, a hedge.]

Transfard, trans-fard′, p.adj. (Spens.) transferred.

Transfer, trans-fėr′, v.t. to carry or bring over: to convey to another place: to remove: to transport:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —ns. ', the act of transferring: the conveyance of anything from one person or place to another: that which is transferred; ', '.—adjs. ', ', that may be transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.—ns. ', a register of the transfer of property, shares, &c.; ', one of certain regular days for registering transfer of bank-stock and government funds at the Bank of England; ', the person to whom a thing is transferred; ', the act of transferring or conveying from one person or place to another: passage from one place to another; ', a kind of prepared paper used for transferring impressions with copying-presses, &c.; . [L. trans, across, ferre, to carry.]

Transfiguration, trans-fig-ūr-ā′shun, n. a change of form.—v.t. ' (rare), to change the figure or form of: to change the appearance of—also '.—n. .—The Transfiguration, the supernatural change in the appearance of Christ, described in Matt. xvii.: a festival on 6th August, in commemoration of it.

Transfix, trans-fiks′, v.t. to pierce through.—n. ', cross-section.—adj. '.—n. .

Transfluent, trans′flōō-ent, adj. flowing through.—n. , a flowing through.

Transforate, trans′fō-rāt, v.t. to bore through.—n. .

Transform, trans-form′, v.t. to change the shape of: to change into another substance: to change the disposition.—v.i. to be changed in form or substance.—adj. '.—ns. ', change of form or substance, metamorphosis: the change of one metal into another: (path.) any morbid change in a part; ', any scene on the stage which changes in presence of the audience.—adj. '.—ns. ', '.—p.adj. ', effecting, or able to effect, a change of form or state.—ns. ', the theory of the development of one species from another; '.—adj. '.

Transfrontier, trans-fron′tēr, adj. beyond the frontier.

Transfuge, trans′fūj, n. a deserter.—Also . [L. transfuga, a deserter.]

Transfund, trans-fund′, v.t. to transfuse.

Transfuse, trans-fūz′, v.t. to pour out into another vessel: to cause to pass from one to another: to cause to be imbibed.—n. '.—adj. ', capable of being transfused.—ns. ', the act of transfusing, esp. blood from the veins of one animal into another; '.—adj. ', tending or having power to transfuse.—adv. '. [L. trans, over, fundĕre, fusum, to pour.]

Transgress, trans-gres′, v.t. to pass beyond a limit: to break, as a law.—v.i. to offend by violating a law: to sin.—adj. '.—n. ', the act of transgressing: violation of a law or command: offence: fault: crime: sin.—adjs. '; '.—adv. '.—n. ', one who transgresses: one who violates a law or command: a sinner. [L. trans, across, gradi, gressus, to step.]

Tranship, tran-ship′, v.t. to convey from one ship into another, or from one conveyance to another.—ns. '; '; .

Transhuman, trans-hū′man, adj. more than human.—v.t. , to elevate into a higher or heavenly nature.

Transient, tran′shent, adj. passing: of short duration: not lasting: momentary: (mus.) intermediate.—ns. ', ', transientness.—adv. '.—n. '. [L. transiens—trans, across, īre, itum, to go.]

Transilient, tran-sil′i-ent, adj. leaping across.—n. . [L. transīlire, to leap across.]

Transillumination, trans-il-lū-mi-nā′shun, n. a shining through.

Transisthmian, trans-ist′mi-an, adj. extending across an isthmus.

Transit, tran′sit, n. a passing over: conveyance: (astron.) the passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place: the passage of a planet over the sun's disc: a transit circle, or instrument, for observing the transit of a heavenly body across the meridian.—ns. ', a duty chargeable on goods passing through a country; ', an astronomical telescope mounted in the meridian and turning on a fixed east and west axis; ', passage from one place or state to another: change: (mus.) a change of key.—adjs. ', ', containing or denoting transition: of intermediate character between species or genera, transmutational: characteristic of one epoch or style in its transition to another.—adv. '.—adj. ', passing over: having the power of passing: (gram.) denoting a verb which has a direct object.—adv. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', going or passing away: lasting for a short time: speedily vanishing.—n. , the trade of carrying foreign goods through a country.

Translate, trans-lāt′, v.t. to remove to another place: to render into another language: to explain: to transfer from one office to another: to transform.—adj. ', capable of being translated or rendered into another language.—n. ', the act of translating: removal to another place: the rendering into another language: a version: (slang) the process of working up new things from old materials: motion free from rotation: the automatic retransmission of a telegraphic message.—adjs. ', '.—n. ':—fem. '. [Fr.,—L. trans, over, ferre, latum, to carry.]

Transleithan, trans-lī′than, adj. beyond the Leitha, the boundary river between the archduchy of Austria and Hungary.

Transliterate, trans-lit′e-rāt, v.t. to express the words of one language in the alphabetic characters of another.—ns. '; '.

Translucent, trans-lū′sent, adj. shining through: allowing light to pass, but not transparent: clear.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ', translucent. [L. translucens—trans, across, lucēre, to shine—lux, lucis, light.]

Translunar, trans-lū′nar, adj. beyond the moon.—Also .

Transmarine, trans-ma-rēn′, adj. across or beyond the sea.

Transmeable, trans′mē-a-bl, adj. capable of being traversed.—v.t. '.—n. '.

Transmew, trans-mū′, v.t. (Spens.) to transmute, to transpose.

Transmigrate, trans′mi-grāt, v.i. to migrate or remove across, esp. to another country: to pass into another country or state.—adj. '.—ns. ', the act of removing to another country: the passing into another state: the passage of the soul after death into another body; '.—adj. ', passing to another place, body, or state.

Transmit, trans-mit′, v.t. to send across to another person or place: to suffer to pass through:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. '.—adjs. ', ', that may be transmitted from one to another, or through any body or substance.—ns. ', ', act of transmitting: the sending from one place or person to another: passage through.—adj. ', transmitted: derived from one to another.—ns. ', transfer; '. [L. trans, across, mittĕre, missum, to send.]

Transmogrify, trans-mog′ri-fī, v.t. (coll.) to transform into something else, as by magic.—n. .

Transmontane, trans-mon-tān′, adj. across a mountain.

Transmorphism, trans-mor′fizm, n. the evolution of one thing from another. [L. trans, over, Gr. morphē, form.]

Transmove, trans-mōōv′, v.t. (Spens.) to transpose.

Transmute, trans-mūt′, v.t. to change to another form or substance.—adj. ', that may be transmuted or changed into a different form, nature, or substance.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. '.—ns. ', a changing into a different form, nature, or substance; '.—adj. '.—n. . [L. trans, over, mutāre, to change.]

Transnormal, trans-nor′mal, adj. beyond what is normal.

Transoceanic, trans-ō-shē-an′ik, adj. crossing the ocean.

Transom, tran′sum, n. a thwart beam or lintel, esp. the horizontal mullion or crossbar of a window: in ships, the beam across the sternpost to strengthen the afterpart.—n. , a window divided into two parts by a transom. [L. transtrum, a cross-bank—trans, across.]

Transpadane, trans-pā′dān, adj. situated beyond the Po (L. Padanus), with reference to Rome.

Transparency, trans-pār′en-si, n. the quality of being transparent: clearness: that which is transparent: a picture on semi-transparent material seen by means of light shining through, a positive picture on glass, to be viewed by transmitted light: a humorous translation of the German title Durchlaucht—also '.—adj. ', that may be distinctly seen through: clear.—adv. '.—n. '. [L. trans, through, parēre, to appear.]

Transpicuous, tran-spik′ū-us, adj. (Milt.) that can be seen through, transparent. [L. transpicĕre, to see through—trans, through, specĕre, to look.]

Transpierce, trans-pērs′, v.t. to pierce through: to permeate.

Transpire, tran-spīr′, v.t. to breathe or pass through the pores of the skin.—v.i. to exhale: to become public, to come to light: to occur (a bad use).—adj. '.—n. ', act or process of transpiring; exhalation through the skin.—adj. '.—n. ', act of transpiring. [L. trans, through, spirāre, to breathe.]

Transplant, trans-plant′, v.t. to remove and plant in another place: to remove.—adj. '.—ns. ', act of transplanting, the removal of a living plant to another place, the removal of living tissue from one part of the body, or from one individual, to another; , a machine for moving trees.

Transpontine, trans-pon′tin, adj. situated across a bridge, esp. belonging to the part of London on the Surrey side of the Thames, hence melodramatic from the tastes of the theatres there.

Transport, trans-pōrt′, v.t. to carry across or from one place to another: to banish: to carry away by violence of passion or pleasure.—ns. ', carriage from one place to another: a vessel for conveyance: the conveyance of troops and their necessaries by sea or land: ecstasy; '.—adj. ', that may be carried across.—ns. ', transportation; ' (Shak.), conveyance, removal; ', removal: banishment.—p.adj. ', carried away with ecstatic emotion.—adv. '.—ns. '; '.—p.adj. ', carrying away with emotion: passionate: ravishing.—adv. '.—ns. ', a carrier; ', , a ship used for transporting, esp. for conveying troops, stores, &c. [L. trans, across, portāre, to carry.]

Transpose, trans-pōz′, v.t. to put each in the place of the other: to change, as the order of words, or the key in music.—adj. '.—ns. ', a change of place or order; '; ', act of putting one thing in place of another: state of being transposed; a change of the order of words: (mus.) a change of key into a higher or lower scale.—adjs. '; '.—adv. '.—n. '. [Fr.,—L. transponĕre—trans, across, ponĕre, to place.]

Transprint, trans-print′, v.t. to print out of place.

Trans-shape, trans-shāp′, v.t. (Shak.) to change into another shape, to transform.

Trans-ship. Same as Tranship.

Transubstantiate, tran-sub-stan′shi-āt, v.t. to change to another substance.—ns. ', a change into another substance: (R.C.) the conversion, in the consecration of the elements of the Eucharist, of the whole substance of the bread and wine into Christ's body and blood, only the appearances of bread and wine remaining; ', . [L. trans, across, substantia, a substance.]

Transude, tran-sūd′, v.i. to ooze or pass through the pores or interstices of a membrane or substance.—pr.p. pa.p. —n. '.—adj. '. [L. trans, through, sudāre, to sweat.]

Transumptive, tran-sump′tiv, adj. transferred from one to another.—ns. ', a copy of a writing; ', the act of taking from one place to another.

Transverberate, trans-vėr′be-rāt, v.t. to beat or strike through.

Transverse, trans-vėrs′, adj. turned or lying across.—adv. crosswise.—n. ', a line drawn across several others so as to cut them all.—adv. '.—adj. '.—adv. ', in a transverse or cross direction.—n. . [L. trans, across, vertĕre, versum, to turn.]

Transylvanian, tran-sil-vā′ni-an, adj. belonging to Transylvania, in Austro-Hungary.

Trant, trant, v.i. (prov.) to go about.—n. , a peddler.

Trap, trap, n. an instrument for snaring animals: an ambush: a stratagem: a contrivance for hindering the passage of foul air from a waste-pipe, &c.: a trap-door: any rickety structure: a carriage, a vehicle: (slang) a policeman.—v.t. to catch in a trap:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. trapped.—ns. ', an old game played with a ball or bat and trap; ', a door in a floor shutting like the catch of a trap; ', a trap-door which gives way beneath the feet; ', one who traps animals for their fur, &c.; ', the state of being trappy or unsafe; '; ', a stair or kind of ladder surmounted by a trap-door.—adj. ', treacherous. [A.S. træppe; cog. with Old High Ger. trapa, a snare (whence Fr. trappe, by which the Eng. word has been modified).]

Trap, trap, n. a term loosely applied to many rocks of volcanic origin, so called because lying often in steps or terraces.—adjs. ', ', '.—ns. ', , a variety of tufa consisting of the detrital matter of trap-rock. [Sw. trapp—trappa, a stair.]

Trap, trap, v.t. to drape or adorn with gay clothes: to ornament:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. trapped.—n. a horse-cloth: (pl.) one's personal belongings, luggage.—n.pl. , gay clothes: ornaments, esp. those put on horses. [Fr. drap—Low L. drappus, cloth; cf. Drab, Drape.]

Trapan, tra-pan′, v.t. to trap, to ensnare:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. a snare: a stratagem: a trapanner.—n. . [From trap, instrument for snaring.]

Trape, trāp, v.i. to run about idly or like a slattern.—n. Trapes, a slattern: a tramp.—v.i. Trapes, Traipse, to gad about idly.

Trapezium, tra-pē′zi-um, n. a plane figure having four unequal sides, no two of which are parallel: one of the wrist-bones—also ':—pl. ', '.—n. ', a swing of one or more cross-bars used in gymnastic exercises.—adjs. ', having opposed trapeziform faces; ', having the form of a trapeze.—n. ' (also '), a plane four-sided figure like a trapezium, having two of its opposite sides parallel.—adj. , having the form of a trapezoid. [Gr. trapezion dim. of trapeza, a table; from tetra, four, pous, podos, a foot.]

Trappist, trap′ist, n. a member of a monastic body, a branch of the Cistercians, noted for the extreme austerity of the rule—so named from the abbey of La Trappe in the French department of Orne.—n. , a nun of this order of La Trappe.

Trash, trash, n. a clog fastened to a dog or other animal to restrain his movements.—v.t. to encumber, check.

Trash, trash, v.t. to crop: to strip off superfluous leaves.—n. refuse, matter unfit for food, rubbish good for nothing, a worthless person.—n. ', trash, rubbish.—adv. '.—ns. ', the state or quality of being trashy; ' (Scot.), trash.—adj. , like trash; worthless. [Prob. Scand., Ice. tros, fallen twigs.]

Trash, trash, v.t. to wear out, to harass.

Trass, tras, n. a volcanic earth used as a hydraulic cement. [Dut. tras.]

Trattoria, trat-tō-rē′a, n. a cook-shop. [It.]

Trauma, traw′ma, n. an abnormal condition of the body caused by external injury.—adj. ', produced by wounds.—adv. '.—n. , trauma. [Gr., a wound.]

Travail, trav′āl, n. excessive labour: toil: labour in childbirth.—v.i. to labour: to suffer the pains of childbirth.—p.adj.  (Spens.), toiled. [O. Fr. travail—Low L. travaculum, a shackle—L. trabs, a beam.]

Travail, tra-vā′ye, n. an appliance used among some North American Indians as a means of transporting sick persons, goods, &c.—a kind of litter attached by two poles on each side to a pack-saddle, the other ends trailing on the ground:—pl. Travaux [Fr.]

Trave, trāv, n. a beam: a wooden frame to confine unruly horses while being shod. [O. Fr. traf, tref—L. trabs, trabis, a beam.]

Travel, trav′el, v.i. to walk: to journey: to pass: to move.—v.t. to pass: to journey over:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. act of passing from place to place: journey: labour: (pl.) an account of a journey.—p.adj. ', having made journeys: knowing.—ns. ', one who travels: a wayfarer: one who travels for a mercantile house: a ring that slides along a rope or spar; ', the virgin's-bower, Clematis Vitalba; ', a story that cannot be accepted, a tall story, an astounding lie, a whopper; ', a remarkable Madagascar tree, its stem resembling a plantain, but sending out leaves only on two opposite sides, like a great expanded fan.—adj. '.—ns. ', a bag for carrying necessaries on a journey, toilet articles, &c.; ', a heavy carriage, fitted up for travelling in before railways; ', a set of table utensils, arranged to pack up easily for travelling; ', a crane fixed on a carriage which may be moved on rails; ', a plain and easy dress to wear when travelling.—p.adjs. ', ', showing the marks of travel; ' (Shak.), fatigued with travel, harassed. [A form of travail.]

Traverse, trav′ėrs, adj. turned or lying across: denoting a method of cross-sailing.—n. anything laid or built across: something that crosses or obstructs: a turn: (law) a plea containing a denial of some fact alleged by an opponent: a work for protection from the fire of an enemy: a gallery from one side of a large building to another.—v.t. to cross: to pass over: to survey: to plane across the grain of the wood: (law) to deny an opponent's allegation.—v.i. (fencing) to use the motions of opposition or counteraction: to direct a gun to the right or left of its position.—adv. athwart, crosswise—(obs.) '.—adj. ', that may be traversed or denied.—ns. '; ', a table or platform for shifting carriages to other rails; , a platform to support a gun and carriage which can easily be turned round. [L. trans, across, vertĕre, versum, to turn.]

Travertin, -e, trav′er-tin, n. the Italian name for limestone formed by springs holding lime in solution. [It. travertino—L. tiburtinus (lapis), stone of Tibur.]

Travesty, trav′es-ti, adj. having on the vesture or appearance of another: disguised so as to be ridiculous.—n. a kind of burlesque in which the original characters are preserved, the situations parodied.—v.t. to turn into burlesque. [Fr. travestir, to disguise—L. trans, over, vestīre, to clothe.]

Trawl, trawl, v.i. to fish by dragging a trawl along the bottom.—v.t. to drag, to take with a trawl.—n. a wide-mouthed bag-net for trawling: a long line buoyed upon water, with baited hooks at intervals.—ns. ', one who, or that which, trawls: a vessel engaged in trawling—a method adopted in deep-sea fishing; '. [O. Fr. trauler, also troller, to go hither and thither.]

Tray, trā, n. a shallow trough-like vessel: a salver. [M. E. treye—A.S. treg.]

Tray, Trey, trā, n. the third branch of a deer's antler.

Trayled, trāld, p.adj. (Spens.) interwoven, adorned.

Tray-trip, trā′-trip, n. (Shak.) a game at dice.

Treachery, trech′ėr-i, n. faithlessness.—ns. ', ', ' (obs.), a traitor.—adj. ', full of treachery: faithless.—adv. '.—n. '. [O. Fr. tricherie—tricher—Teut., Mid. High Ger. trechen, to draw. Trick is a doublet.]

Treacle, trē′kl, n. the dark, viscous uncrystallisable syrup obtained in refining sugar, also the drainings of crude sugar, properly distinguished from treacle as molasses.—ns. ', a sweet and refreshing sleep; ', viscosity.—adj. , composed of, or like, treacle. [Orig. 'an antidote against the bite of poisonous animals,' O. Fr. triacle—L. theriacum—Gr. thēriaka (pharmaka), antidotes against the bites of wild beasts—thērion, a wild beast.]

Tread, tred, v.i. to set the foot down: to walk or go: to copulate, as fowls.—v.t. to walk on: to press with the foot: to trample in contempt: to subdue:—pa.t. trod; pa.p. trod or —n. pressure with the foot: a step, way of stepping.—ns. '; '; ', ', the part of any machine which the foot moves.—vs.i. to work a treadle.—ns. '; '; ', a mill in which a rotary motion is produced by the weight of a person or persons treading or stepping from one to another of the steps of a cylindrical wheel, used chiefly as an instrument of prison discipline; ', a form of tread-mill with steps on its exterior surface, by treading on which the wheel is turned.—Tread down, to trample to destruction; Tread in one's footsteps, or steps, to follow one's example; Tread on, or upon, to trample with contempt: to come close after; Tread on one's toes, to give offence to one; Tread on, or upon, the heels of, to follow close after; Tread out, to press out with the feet: to extinguish; Tread underfoot, to treat with scorn: to destroy. [A.S. tredan; Ice. trodha, Ger. treten.]

Treague, trēg, n. (Spens.) a truce. [It. tregua—Low L. treuga—Goth. triggwa.]

Treason, trē′zn, n. betraying of the government or an attempt to overthrow it: treachery; disloyalty.—adj. ', pertaining to, consisting of, or involving treason.—n. '.—adv. '.—adj. '.—Treason felony, the crime of desiring to depose the sovereign, intimidate parliament, stir up a foreign invasion, &c.—declared by statute in 1848.—Constructive treason, anything which may be interpreted as equivalent to actual treason by leading naturally to it; High treason, offences against the state; Misprision of treason, knowledge of the principal crime and concealment thereof; Petty treason, the murder of a husband by a wife, a master by a servant, &c. [O. Fr. traïson (Fr. trahison)—trahir—L. tradĕre, to betray.]

Treasure, trezh′ūr, n. wealth stored up: riches: a great quantity collected: great abundance: anything much valued: (obs.) a treasure-house.—v.t. to board up: to collect for future use: to value greatly: to enrich.—ns. ', a box for keeping articles of value; ', a city for stores, magazines, &c.; ', a house for holding treasures; ', one who has the care of a treasure or treasury: one who has charge of collected funds; '; ', a place where treasure is deposited: a department of a government which has charge of the finances: one of a class of subterranean structures, now believed to be merely sepulchral; , the first row of seats on the Speaker's right hand in the House of Commons, occupied by the members of the government. [Fr. trésor—L. thesaurus—Gr. thēsauros.]

Treasure-trove, trezh′ūr-trōv, n. treasure or money found in the earth, the owner unknown. [Treasure and trové, pa.p. of O. Fr. trover, to find.]

Treat, trēt, v.t. to handle in a particular manner: to discourse on: to entertain, as with food or drink, &c.: to manage in the application of remedies: to use.—v.i. to handle a subject in writing or speaking: to negotiate: to give an entertainment.—n. an entertainment, esp. if of anything unusual: one's turn to provide such.—adj. ', moderate.—ns. '; '; ', a written composition in which a subject is treated: a formal essay; ', the act or manner of treating: management: behaviour to any one: way of applying remedies; ', the act of treating, negotiation: a formal agreement between states: (Shak., same as Entreaty). [O. Fr. traiter—L. tractāre, to manage—trahĕre, tractum, to draw.]

Treble, treb′l, adj. triple: threefold: (mus.) denoting the treble, that plays or sings the treble.—n. the highest of the four principal parts in the musical scale.—v.t. to make three times as much.—v.i. to become threefold:—pa.p. (-ld).—adj. ', living three times as long as man.—n. '.—p.adj. ' (Shak.), having threefold sinews, very strong.—adv. '. [O. Fr.,—L. triplus.]

Trebuchet, treb′ū-shet, n. a military engine like the ballista. [O. Fr.]

Trecento, trā-chen′tō, n. the 14th century in Italian art, &c.—n. , an admirer of it. [It.]

Trechometer, tre-kom′e-tėr, n. an odometer. [Gr. trechein, to run, metron, measure.]

Treddle. See Tread.

Treddle, tred′l, n. (prov.) dung: (slang) a strumpet.

Tredille, tre-dil′, n. a game at cards for three.—Also .

Tree, trē, n. a plant having a single trunk, woody, branched, and of a large size: anything like a tree: wood, as in the compounds axle-tree, saddle-tree, &c.: a cudgel: (B.) a cross.—v.t. to drive into a tree, to corner: to form on a tree.—v.i. to take refuge in a tree.—ns. ', the giant cactus or saguaro; ', a light-brown calf bookbinding, stained by acids into a conventional pattern, supposed to resemble the trunk of a tree and its branches; ', one of many arboricole Indian pigeons; ', a fern with a tree-like, woody stem, and a head of fronds resembling the leaves of palms, found only in tropical countries; ', a family of Amphibians, more closely related in structure to the toads than to frogs proper.—adjs. ', having no trees; Trēēn, wooden, made of wood: (Spens.) of trees.—ns. ', ', a long wooden pin or nail to fasten the planks of a ship to the timbers; ', a hamadryad; ', a tree dedicated to liberty, set up in some public place; , arbor vitæ: a tree in the garden of Eden, described in Gen. ii. 9; ', existence as a tree; ', the top of a tree; , dendrolatry. [A.S. treó, treów; Ice. tré, Gr. drus, Sans. dru.]

Treen, trēn, n. a territorial division in the Isle of Man.



Trefoil, trē′foil, n. a three-leaved plant, as the white and red clover: (archit.) an ornament like trefoil.—n. , a trefoil.—adj. Trefle ending in a three-lobed figure (her.). [L. trifolium—tres, three, folium, a leaf.]

Trehala, trē-hä′la, n. a kind of manna excreted by the insect Larinus maculatus, in the form of cocoons—also Turkish manna.—n. , a sugar extracted from trehala.

Treillage, trel′āj, n. a frame to train shrubs and fruit-trees upon. [Fr.]

Trek, trek, v.i. to drag a vehicle: to journey by ox-wagon.—n. the distance from one station to another.—n. , a traveller. [Dut. trekken, to draw.]

Trellis, trel′is, n. a structure of cross-barred or lattice work, for supporting plants, &c.: a shed, &c., of trellis-work.—adj. ', having a trellis, or formed as a trellis.—n. ', lattice-work. [O. Fr. treillis—L. trichila, a bower.]

Tremando, trā-man′dō, adv. (mus.) in a trembling, wavering manner. [It.]

Trematoda, trem-a-tō′da, n.pl. a class of flat-worms whose members are parasitic in or on a great variety of animals, the body unsegmented, leaf-like or more or less cylindrical, and provided with adhesive suckers.—n. ', one of the foregoing—also '.—adj. , suctorial. [Gr. trēmatōdēs, porous—trēma, a hole.]

Tremble, trem′bl, v.i. to shake, as from fear, cold, or weakness: to shiver: to shake, as sound.—n. the act of trembling: a morbid trembling.—ns. '; '; '.—adv. '.—n. ', the aspen.—adj. ', tremulous.—adv. tremulously.—adjs. ', ', trembling: affected with fear: quivering.—adv. '.—n. '. [O. Fr. trembler—L. tremulus, trembling—tremĕre, to shake.]

Tremella, trē-mel′a, n. a genus of fungi, of the division Hymenomycetes, soft and gelatinous, mostly growing on decaying wood—Witches' Meat, Fairy Butter.—adjs. ', '.

Tremendous, trē-men′dus, adj. such as astonishes or terrifies by its force or greatness: dreadful.—adv. '.—n. '.

Tremex, trē′meks, n. a genus of hymenopterous insects. [Gr. trēma, a hole.]

Tremolite, trem′ō-līt, n. one of the amphibole group of minerals, composed of silica, magnesia, and lime, occurring usually in long prisms, white or gray, vitreous, translucent to opaque, usually associated with crystalline schistose rocks.—adj. . [From the Val Tremola in the Alps.]

Tremolo, trem′ō-lō, n. (mus.) a tremulous effect suggesting passion: the device in an organ by which this is produced—also ', '.—adv. , in a tremulous manner. [It.]

Tremor, trem′or, n. a shaking or quivering, any involuntary shaking.—adj. . [Tremble.]

Trench, trensh, v.t. to dig a ditch: to dig deeply with the spade or plough.—v.i. to encroach.—n. a long narrow cut in the earth: (fort.) an excavation to interrupt the approach of an enemy: an excavated approach made by besiegers.—n. ', causticity.—adjs. ', ', cutting: sharp: severe—(Spens.) '.—ns. '; ', a plough for trenching or turning up the land more deeply than usual.—v.t. to plough with a trench-plough. [O. Fr. trencher (Fr. trancher), acc. to Littré from L. truncāre, to maim—truncus, maimed.]

Trencher, tren′shėr, n. a wooden plate formerly used for cutting meat on at meals: the table: food: pleasures of the table.—ns. ', a style of college-cap: a mortar-board; ' (Shak.), one who frequents the table of another, a parasite; ', ' (Shak.), one who can do feats in the way of eating, a feeder; , a table-companion, parasite. [O. Fr. trenchoir—trencher, to cut.]

Trend, trend, v.i. to tend, to run, to go in a particular direction: to incline, lean.—n. tendency. [A.S. trendan.]

Trental, tren′tal, n. a service of thirty masses for thirty days, one each day, for a deceased person. [Low L. trentale—L. triginta, thirty.]

Trente-et-quarante. See Rouge-et-noir.

Trepan, trē-pan′, v.t. to ensnare:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p.  [Same as trapan, of which it is an erroneous spelling.]

Trepan, trē-pan′, n. (surg.) a small cylindrical saw used in perforating the skull: a powerful rock-boring tool.—v.t. to remove a circular piece of the skull with a trepan, in order to relieve the brain from pressure or irritation.—ns. ', '; . [Fr.,—Low L. trepanum—Gr. trypănon—trypan, to bore.]

Trepang, trē-pang′, n. the Malay name for a species of Holothuria, much esteemed in China as a food delicacy—bêche-de-mer, sea-slug.



Trephine, tre-fēn′, or tre-fīn′, n. the modern trepan, having a little sharp borer called the centre-pin.—v.t. to perforate with the trephine.

Trepidation, trep-i-dā′-shun, n. a state of confused hurry or alarm: an involuntary trembling.—adj. , quaking. [L. trepidāre, -ātum, to hurry with alarm—trepidus, restless.]

Trespass, tres′pas, v.i. to pass over a limit or boundary: to enter unlawfully upon another's land: to inconvenience by importunity: to intrude: to injure or annoy another: to sin.—n. act of trespassing: any injury to another's person or property: a sin.—ns. '; ', an offering in expiation of a trespass or sin (See Lev. xiv. 12-18). [O. Fr. trespasser (Fr. trépasser)—L. trans, across, passāre, to pass.]

Tress, tres, n. a lock or curl of hair: a ringlet (esp. in pl.)—v.t. to form into tresses.—adjs. Tressed, having tresses: formed into tresses or ringlets: curled; , pertaining to tresses, like tresses. [Fr. tresse, through Low L. tricia, trica, from Gr. tricha, threefold—treis, three.]

Tressure, tresh′ūr, n. (her.) a subordinary, half the breadth of the orle, and usually borne double, and flowered and counter-flowered with fleurs-de-lis.—p.adj. , having a tressure: arranged in the form of, or occupying the position of, a tressure. [Fr., from tresser, to plait.]

Trestle, tres′l, n. a movable support fastened to a top-piece: the frame of a table—also, '.—ns. Trest (Scot.), a beam: a stool; ', one whose bed rests on framed sections or trestles; , a series of trestles forming a viaduct. [O. Fr. trestel (tréteau); ety. dub.; perh. through a Low L. dim. from L. transtrum, a beam.]

Tret, tret, n. an allowance to purchasers of 4 lb. on every 104 lb. for waste. [Norm. Fr. trett, deduction (Fr. trait)—O. Fr. traire—L. trahĕre, to draw.]

Treviss, trev′is, n. a bar or beam separating stalls: a stall itself. [O. Fr. travers, across.]

Trews, trōōz, n.pl. trousers, esp. of tartan cloth.—n. , one wearing trews. [Ir. trius, Gael. triubhas. Cf. Trousers.]

Trey, trā, n. (Shak.) a three at cards or dice: a card or die of three spots. [O. Fr. treis—L. tres, three.]

Triable, trī′a-bl, adj. subject to legal trial.—n. .

Triact, trī′akt, adj. having three rays.—Also ', '.

Triad, trī′ad, n. the union of three: a Welsh composition arranged in groups of three: an association of three kindred deities.—adj. '.—n. ', a composer of triads. [L. trias, triadis—Gr. trias, triados—treis, three.]

Triadelphous, trī-a-del′fus, adj. (bot.) having stamens united into three bundles. [Gr. treis, tria, three, adelphos, a brother.]

Triage, trī′āj, n. what is picked out, esp. broken coffee-beans.

Trial, trī′al, n. a trying: the act of trying: examination by a test: the state of being tried: suffering: temptation: judicial examination: attempt: a piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.—ns. ' (Shak.), day of trial; ' (Shak.), a fire for trying or proving; , an experimental trip of a new vessel, to test her sailing-powers, &c.—On trial, on probation, as an experiment.

Trialism, trī′a-lizm, n. the doctrine of the existence of body, soul, and spirit in man.—ns. ', threeness; ', a colloquy of three persons.

Triandria, trī-an′dri-a, n. an order of plants having three equal stamens.—n. ', such a plant.—adjs. ', . [Gr. treis, tria, three, anēr, andros, a male.]



Triangle, trī′ang-gl, n. (math.) a plane figure with three angles and three sides: a musical instrument of percussion, formed of a steel rod bent in triangle-form, open at one angle: a frame of three halberds stuck in the ground to which soldiers were formerly bound to be flogged (generally pl.).—adjs. ', ', having three angles.—n. '.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to survey by means of a series of triangles.—adv. '.—n. ', act of triangulating: the series of triangles so used.—adj. '. [Fr.,—L. triangulum—tres, three, angulus, an angle.]

Triapsal, trī-ap′sal, adj. having three apses.—Also .

Triarchy, trī′ar-ki, n. government by three persons: a state governed by three persons. [Gr. triarchia—treis, tria, three, archē, beginning, sovereignty.]

Triarian, trī-ā′ri-an, adj. of the third rank.

Trias, trī′as, n. (geol.) the oldest group of the Mesozoic or Secondary strata, formerly associated with the Permian rocks under the name of the New Red Sandstone.—adj. . [So called by the German geologists, from their threefold grouping of the system, from Gr. trias, union of three.]

Triatomic, trī-a-tom′ik, adj. consisting of three atoms: trivalent.

Triaxial, trī-ak′si-al, adj. having three axes.—n. . [L. tres, tri-, three, axis, axis.]

Tribasic, trī-bā′sik, adj. having three hydrogen atoms replaceable by equivalents of a base—of some acids.

Tribble, trib′l, n. a horizontal frame for drying paper, having wires stretched across it.

Tribe, trīb, n. an aggregate of stocks—a stock being an aggregate of persons considered to be kindred—or an aggregate of families, forming a community usually under the government of a chief: a number of things having certain common qualities.—adj. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. '; . [L. tribus, orig. applied to one of the three divisions of the ancient Roman people—tri-, tres, three.]

Triblet, trib′let, n. a tapering mandrel on which rings, nuts, &c. are forged.

Tribometer, trī-bom′e-tėr, n. a sled-like apparatus for measuring sliding friction.

Tribonyx, trib′ō-niks, n. a genus of Australian gallinules. [Gr. tribein, to rub, onyx, a claw.]

Tribrach., trī′brak, n. (poet.) a foot of three short syllables.—adj. . [L.,—Gr. tribrachys,—tri-, root of treis, three, brachys, short.]

Tribulation, trib-ū-lā′shun, n. severe affliction: distress. [L.,—tribulāre, -ātum, to afflict—tribulum, a sledge for rubbing out corn—terĕre, to rub.]

Tribunal, trī-bū′nal, n. the bench on which a judge and his associates sit to administer justice: court of justice: the confessional. [L.]

Tribune, trib′ūn, n. a magistrate elected by the Roman plebeians to defend their rights: a champion of popular rights: the raised platform from which speeches were delivered, any platform or pulpit.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', ', . [L. tribunus—tribus, a tribe.]

Tribute, trib′ūt, n. a fixed amount paid at certain intervals by one nation to another for peace or protection: a personal contribution: acknowledgment, or homage paid.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', paying tribute: subject: yielding supplies of anything, subsidiary: paid in tribute.—n. one who pays tribute: a stream which contributes water to another.—ns. ', money paid as tribute; , a miner paid by a proportion of the ore raised. [L. tributum—tribuĕre, to assign—tribus, a tribe.]

Tricapsular, trī-kap′sū-lar, adj. (bot.) three-capsuled: having three capsules to each flower.

Tricarpous, trī-kar′pus, adj. (bot.) having three carpels.

Tricaudate, trī-kaw′dāt, adj. having three tail-like processes, as a butterfly's wing.

Trice, trīs, v.t. (naut.) to haul or lift up by means of a rope:—pr.p. pa.p. triīced. [Ger. trissen.]

Trice, trīs, n. a very short time: an instant. [Perh. from thrice, while one can count three; or from Sp. tris, noise of breaking glass; cf. Scot. 'in a crack.']

Tricennial, trī-sen′i-al, adj. pertaining to thirty years: occurring every thirty years. [L. tricennium, thirty years—triginta, thirty, annus, a year.]

Tricentenary, trī-sen′te-nā-ri, n. a space of three hundred years. [L. trecenti, three hundred—tres, three, centum, a hundred.]

Tricephalous, trī-sef′a-lus, adj. three-headed [Gr., treis, three, kephalē, a head.]

Triceps, trī′seps, adj. three-headed.—Also . [L., tres, three, caput, head.]

Tricerion, trī-sē′ri-on, n. in Greek ecclesiastical use, a candlestick with three lights. [Late Gr.,—Gr. treis, three, kēros, wax.]

Trichangia, trī-kan′ji-a, n.pl. the capillary blood vessels. [Gr. thriks—trichos, hair, angeion, a vessel.]

Trichas, trī′kas, n. a genus of American warblers. [Gr., a thrush.]

Trichatrophia, trik-a-trō′fi-a, n. a brittle condition of the hair.—ns. ', a folding inward of the eyelashes; ', a kidney disease: a morbid swelling of the breasts: trichia. [Gr. thrix, trichos, hair, atrophia, atrophy.]

Trichina, tri-kī′na, n. a parasitic worm, which in its mature state infests the intestinal canal, and in its larval state the muscular tissue of man and certain animals, esp. the hog:—pl. ':—ns. ' (more usually '), the disease caused by the presence of trichinæ in the body; '.—adjs. ', ', . [Gr. trichinos, small like a hair—thrix, trichos, hair.]

Trichite, trī′kīt, n. a spicule of some sponges.—adj. .

Trichiurus, trik-i-ū′rus, n. the genus of hair-tails.

Trichoda, trī-kō′da, n. a genus of ciliate infusorians.

Trichogenous, trī-koj′e-nus, adj. helping the hair to grow.—ns. ', ', a brittle condition of the hair; ', a preparation for causing the hair to grow; Trichogyne the slender portion of the procarp in red algæ, a receptive organ of reproduction; ', the knowledge of the hair; ', a morbid condition of the hair, introversion of the eyelid.—adjs. '; ', relating to disease of the hair.—ns. ', the treatment of diseases of the hair; ' (bot.), the cell or cells in certain algæ supporting the trichogyne: a sac-like body from which the chitinous parapodial appendages of an annelid are developed.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', a fungus growth round the hair-bulbs causing baldness, ringworm, &c.; ', disease of the skin due to the presence of the foregoing; ', brittleness of the hair; ', a falling of the hair; ', any disease of the hair.

Trichome, trī′kōm, n. an outgrowth from the epidermis of a plant.

Trichoptera, trī-kop′te-ra, n.pl. the caddis-flies.—adjs. ', '.

Trichord, trī′kord, adj. having three strings.

Trichotomous, trī-kot′ō-mus, adj. divided into three parts, or into threes—also '.—adv. '.—n. , division into three parts. [Gr. tricha, threefold, treis, three; tomē, a cutting—temnein, to cut.]

Trichromatic, trī-krō-mat′ik, adj. characterised by three colours, having the three fundamental colour-sensations of red, green, and purple, of the normal eye, as opposed to the colour-blind eye, which has but two.—Also . [Gr. treis, three, chrōma, colour.]

Trichronous, trī′krō-nus, adj. in ancient prosody, consisting of three times or moræ, trisemic. [Gr. treis, three, chronos, time.]

Trick, trik, v.t. to dress, to decorate.—n. , the act of one who tricks: (Shak.) dress, ornament. [Celt.; W. treciaw, to adorn.]

Trick, trik, n. any fraud or stratagem to deceive, an illusion: a clever contrivance to puzzle, amuse, or annoy: a particular habit or manner, skill, adroitness, manner: a parcel of cards falling to a winner at one turn: any toy or gimcrack: a turn as at the helm: (slang) a watch.—v.t. to deceive, to cheat.—ns. '; ', act or practice of playing tricks: artifice: stratagem: imposition.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', addicted to tricks: artful in making bargains.—adv. ', in a trickish manner: artfully: knavishly.—n. ', the state of being trickish or deceitful.—adv. ', cleverly, deftly.—n. ', a scene in which changes are made before the audience.—adjs. ', ', trickish, exhibiting artfulness: pretty, dainty, neat.—n. ', state of being tricksey.—adj. '.—ns. ', one who practises tricks, a cheat; ', a kind of wig worn by actors, the hair of which can be made to stand on end by a device.—adj. '. [O. Fr. tricher, to beguile—L. tricāri, to trifle.]

Trickle, trik′l, v.i. to flow gently or in a small stream.—n. a trickling rill.—n. ', a little rill.—adj. ', trickling. [M. E. triklen, prob. for striklen, freq. of striken, to go.]

Trick-track, trik′-trak, n. a form of backgammon in which pegs as well as pieces are used.—Also ', '. [Fr. tric trac]

Triclinic, trī-klin′ik, adj. (min.) having three axes obliquely inclined to each other. [Gr. treis, three, klinein, to bend.]

Triclinium, trī-klin′i-um, n. a couch running round three sides of a table for reclining on at meals: a dining-room with couches on three sides. [L.,—Gr. triklinos—treis, three, klinē, a couch.]

Tricolour, Tricolor, trī′kul-or, n. the national flag of France, of three colours, red, white, and blue, in vertical stripes.—adj. , having three colours. [Fr. tricolore—L. tres, three, color, colour.]

Triconsonantal, trī-kon′sō-nan-tal, adj. composed of three consonants.—Also .

Tricorn, trī′korn, adj. having three horns.—n. a hat with three points or corners. [L. tricornis, three-horned—tres, three, cornu, a horn.]

Tricornered, trī-kor′nėrd, adj. three-cornered.

Tricornigerous, trī-kor-nij′e-rus, adj. bearing three horns. [L. tres, three, cornu, a horn, gerĕre, to bear.]

Tricornute, -d, trī-kor′nūt, -ed, adj. having three horn-like processes.

Tricorporate, trī-kor′pō-rāt, adj. having three bodies and only one head common to the three.

Tricostate, trī-kos′tāt, adj. three-ribbed.

Tricot, trē′kō, n. a hand-knitted woollen fabric, or machine fabric imitating it: a soft, slightly-ribbed cloth for women's garments. [Fr. tricot, knitting, tricoter, to knit, from Teut.; Ger. stricken.]

Tricrotic, trī-krot′ik, adj. having three beats.—n. '.—adj. '. [Gr. treis, three, krotos, a beat.]



Tricuspid, trī-kus′pid, adj. having three cusps or points: (anat.) denoting certain of the teeth, and the valve of the right ventricle of the heart.—adj.  (bot.), three-pointed or ending in three points. [L. tricuspis, tricuspidis—tri, tris, thrice, cuspis, a point.]

Tricycle, trī′si-kl, n. a velocipede with three wheels.—v.i. to ride on such.—n. . [Gr. tri-, root of treis, three, kyklos, circle, wheel.]

Tridacna, trī-dak′na, n. a genus of bivalves, the giant clam, without the shell weighing 20 lb., with the shell so much even as 500 lb. [Gr. treis, three, daknein, to bite.]

Tridactylous, trī-dak′til-us, adj. having three toes or fingers.

Tride, trīd, adj. swift, fleet. [Fr.]

Trident, trī′dent, n. the three-pronged spear or sceptre of Neptune, god of the ocean: any three-toothed instrument.—adjs. ', ', , having three teeth or prongs. [Fr.,—L. tres, three, dens, dentis, tooth.]

Tridentine, trī-den′tin, adj. pertaining to the Council of Trent (1545-63), or to its decrees.—n. a Roman Catholic. [L. Tridentum, Trent.]

Tridigitate, trī-dij′i-tāt, adj. with three fingers or toes.

Tridimensional, trī-di-men′shun-al, adj. having three dimensions—length, breadth, thickness.

Triduum, trid′ū-um, n. a space of three days: a three days' service of prayer preparatory to a saint's day, &c.—adj. , lasting three days. [L.]

Tridymite, trid′i-mīt, n. a brittle mineral composed of silica, which occurs in various acid igneous rocks in the form of thin transparent six-sided plates, several of which are usually grouped together.

Tried. See Try.

Triennial, trī-en′yal, adj. continuing three years: happening every third year.—adv. . [L. triennis—tres, three, annus, a year.]

Trier, trī′ėr, n. one who tries by experiment: one who tries, as a judge: one of Cromwell's commissioners for examining into the qualifications of ministers: (Shak.) one who brings to the test, a test.

Trierarch, trī′ėr-ärk, n. the commander of an ancient Greek trireme—also a person obliged to furnish ships to the state.—adj. '.—n. ', the office of trierarch: the system of requisitioning vessels from wealthy citizens. [Gr. triērēs, a trireme, archein, to rule.]

Trieteric, -al, trī-e-tėr′ik, -al, adj. triennial. [Gr., treis, three, etos, a year.]

Trifacial, trī-fā′shal, adj, threefold and pertaining to the face, esp. of the fifth cranial nerve.—n. the trigeminal nerve. [L. tres, three, facies, face.]