Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Taxiarch Thallus

Taxiarch, tak′si-ärk, n. the commander of an ancient Greek taxis or battalion.

Taxidermy, taks′i-dėr-mi, n. the art of preparing and stuffing the skins of animals.—adjs. ', '.—v.t. '.—n. '. [Fr.,—Gr. taxis, arrangement, derma, a skin.]

Taxing, taks′ing, n. (Shak.) satire. [Tax.]

Taxis, tak′sis, n. (surg.) the art of putting parts in their natural place by means of pressure: orderly arrangement, classification: a brigade in an ancient Greek army.—ns. ', the science of classification; ', a taxonomist.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—ns. ', one versed in taxonomy; , the laws and principles of taxology or orderly classification, also their application to natural history. [Gr.,—tassein, to arrange.]

Taxus, tak′sus, n. the yew genus of conifers.

Tayo, ta′yō, n. a garment like an apron worn by South American Indians.

Tazza, tat′sa, n. a shallow vessel mounted on a foot: a saucer-shaped bowl. [It.]

Tchick, chik, n. a sound made by pressing the tongue against the roof of the mouth and then drawing it back quickly, as in urging a horse on.—v.i. to make such a sound. [Imit.]

Tea, tē, n. the dried leaves of a shrub in China, Japan, Assam, and Ceylon: an infusion of the leaves in boiling water: any vegetable infusion.—ns. ', light spongy bread or buns to be eaten with tea; ', a caddy or small box for holding tea; ', a light cake to be eaten with tea; ', an air-tight jar or box for holding tea; ', a chest or case in which tea is imported; ', a fast-sailing ship in the tea-trade; ' (see Cosy); ', a small cup used in drinking tea; ', one who buys and sells tea; ' (slang), a tea-party; ', a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served; ', a loose gown for wearing at afternoon tea at home; ', a Chinese or Japanese house for tea, &c.; ', a kettle in which to boil water for making tea; ', thin sheet-lead, used in lining tea-chests; ', a social gathering at which tea is served, also the persons present; ', the plant or shrub from which tea is obtained; ', a pot or vessel in which the beverage tea is made; ', a saucer in which a tea-cup is set; ', ', the utensils necessary for a tea-table; ', a small spoon used with the tea-cup, smaller still than the dessert-spoon; ', a stick cut from the Australian tea-tree; ', a table at which tea is drunk; ', one who ascertains the quality of tea by tasting it.—n.pl. ', the tea-pot, cups, &c.—ns. ', the common tea-plant or shrub; a name of various Australian myrtaceous and other plants; ', a vessel for boiling water or keeping it hot, used on the tea-table.—Black tea, that which in the process of manufacture is fermented between rolling and firing (heating with charcoal in a sieve), while Green tea is that which is fired immediately after rolling. Among black teas are bohea, congou, souchong, and pekoe; among green, hyson, imperial, and gunpowder. The finest black is Pekoe; the finest green, Gunpowder. [From South Chinese te (pron. tā), the common form being ch'a or ts'a.]

Teach, tēch, v.t. to show: to impart knowledge to: to guide the studies of: to exhibit so as to impress upon the mind: to impart the knowledge of: to accustom: to counsel.—v.i. to practise giving instruction:—pa.t. and pa.p. taught (tawt).—n. '.—adj. ', capable of being taught: apt or willing to learn.—ns. '; ', one who teaches or instructs; ', the act of teaching or instructing: instruction.—adj. ', indocile. [A.S. tǽcan, to show, teach; Ger. zeigen, to show; allied to L. docēre, to teach, Gr. deiknunai, to show.]

Tead, tēd, n. (Spens.) a torch, a flambeau. [L. tæda.]

Teagle, tē′gl, n. (prov.) a hoist or lift. [Prob. a form of tackle.]

Teague, tēg, n. an Irishman.

Teak, tēk, n. a tree in the East Indies and Africa, also its wood, remarkable for its hardness and durability. [Malayalam tekka.]

Teal, tēl, n. a web-footed water-fowl allied to the duck, but smaller. [Dut. teling, taling.]

Team, tēm, n. a number of animals moving together or in order: two or more oxen or other animals harnessed to the same vehicle; a number of persons associated for doing anything conjointly, playing a game, &c.—v.t. to join together in a team: to give work to a gang under a sub-contractor.—adj. Teamed (Spens.), arranged in a team.—n. ', one who drives a team.—adv. ', like a team, harnessed together. [A.S. teám, offspring; prob. teón, to draw.]

Teapoy, tē′poi, n. a small table for the tea-service, &c. [Hind. tīpāi—Pers. sīpāi.]

Tear, tēr, n. a drop of the fluid secreted by the lachrymal gland, appearing in the eyes: anything like a tear.—ns. ', a tear; ', the lachrymal or nasal duct.—adjs. ' (Shak.), shedding tears, tender; ', abounding with or shedding tears: weeping.—adv. '.—n. '.—adjs. ', without tears: unfeeling; ' (Shak.), stained with tears; , tearful, [A.S. teár, tǽr; Goth. tagr; cf. L. lacrima, Gr. dakru.]

Tear, tār, v.t. to draw asunder or separate with violence: to make a violent rent in: to lacerate.—v.i. to move or act with violence: to rage:—pa.t. tōre, (B.) tāre; pa.p. tōrn.—n. something torn, a rent: (slang) a spree.—n. ', one who, or that which, tears: (slang) a boisterous person.—p.adj. ', great, terrible, rushing.—Tear and wear (see Wear); Tear one's self away, to go off with great unwillingness; Tear the hair, to pull the hair in a frenzy of grief or rage; Tear up, to remove from a fixed state by violence: to pull to pieces. [A.S. teran; cf. Ger. zehren.]

Tease, tēz, v.t. to comb or card, as wool: to scratch, as cloth: to raise a nap: to vex with importunity, jests, &c.: to torment, irritate.—n. one who teases or torments.—n. ', one who teases out anything: the stoker of a glass-works furnace.—adj. ', vexatious.—adv. . [A.S. tǽsan, to pluck; Dut. teezen, Ger. zeisen.]

Teasel, tēz′l, n. a plant with large burs or heads covered with stiff, hooked awns, which are used in raising a nap on cloth—also ', '.—v.t. to raise a nap on with the teasel:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —ns. '; ', the act of raising a nap on cloth. [A.S. tæsel, tæsl—tǽsan, to pluck.]

Teat, tēt, n. the nipple of the female breast through which the young suck the milk.—adj. , mammiferous. [A.S. tit; cog. with Ger. zitze; or perh. through O. Fr. tete, from Teut.]

Tebeth, teb′eth, n. the tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical, and fourth of the secular, year, corresponding to parts of December and January.

Technic, -al, tek′nik, -al, adj. pertaining to art, esp. the useful arts: belonging to a particular art or profession.—n. ', state or quality of being technical: that which is technical.—adv. '.—ns. '; '; ', one skilled in the practical arts.—n.pl. ', the doctrine of arts in general: the branches that relate to the arts; Technique method of performance, manipulation, esp. everything concerned with the mechanical part of a musical performance.—adjs. ', ', relating to technology.—ns. ', one skilled in technology; ', the systematic knowledge of the industrial arts: a discourse or treatise on the arts: an explanation of terms employed in the arts; , the principles underlying technology. [Gr. technikos—technē, art, akin to tekein, to produce.]

Techy. See Tetchy.

Tecnology, tek-nol′ō-ji, n. a treatise on children. [Gr. teknon, a child, logia, discourse.]

Tectaria, tek-tā′ri-a, n. a genus of univalves with a turbinate or conic shell.—adjs. ', having the gills covered; ', roof-like: (entom.) ridged in the middle and sloping down on the sides. [L. tectum, a roof.]

Tectology, tek-tol′ō-ji, n. structural morphology according to which an organism is regarded as composed of individuals of different orders.—adj. . [Gr. tektōn, a builder.]

Tectonic, tek-ton′ik, adj. pertaining to building.—n.sing. and pl. , building as an art: the shaping and ornamentation of furniture, weapons, &c. [Gr. tektōn, a builder.]

Tectorial, tek-tō′ri-al, adj. covering.—n. , a covering: the coverts of the wing or tail of birds taken collectively.

Tectrices, tek-trī′sez, n.pl. wing or tail coverts of birds:—sing. '.—adj. '.

Ted, ted, v.t. to spread or turn, as new-mown grass, for drying:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. , an implement for spreading hay. [Scand.; Ice. tedhja, spread manure.]

Tede, Tead, tēd, n. (obs.) a torch. [L. tæda.]

Tedesco, te-des′kō, adj. German. [It.]

Te deum, tē dē′um, n. a famous Latin hymn of the Western Church, sung at the end of matins on all feasts except Innocents' Day, and on all Sundays except during penitential seasons—it begins with the words Te Deum Laudamus, 'We praise thee, O God:' a thanksgiving service in which this hymn forms a principal part.

Tedious, tē′di-us, adj. wearisome: tiresome from length or slowness: irksome: slow.—n. ', tediousness.—adv. '.—n. . [L. tædiosus.]

Tedium, tē′di-um, n. wearisomeness: irksomeness. [L. tædium—tædet, it wearies.]

Tee, tē, n. a mark for quoits, curling-stones, &c.: (golf) the raised sand from which the ball is played at the commencement of each hole.—v.t. to place the golf-ball on this before striking off.

Tee, tē, n. a finial in the form of a conventionalised umbrella, crowning a dagoba in Indo-Chinese countries.

Teem, tēm, v.i. to bring forth or produce: to bear or be fruitful: to be pregnant: to be full or prolific.—n. '.—adjs. '; '; ', barren. [A.S. teám, offspring.]

Teem, tēm, v.t. and v.i. to pour, empty.

Teen, tēn, n. (arch.) grief, affliction, injury. [A.S. teóna, reproach, injury.]

Teen, tēn, v.t. (Spens.) to excite, provoke. [A.S. týnan, to irritate, vex.]

Teen, tēn, v.t. (Spens.) to allot, bestow.

Teens, tēnz, n.pl. the years of one's age from thirteen to nineteen.

Teeny, tē′ni, adj. very small, tiny.

Teeny, tē′ni, adj. (prov.) peevish.

Teer, tēr, v.t. to stir, as a calico-printer's sieve.

Tee-tee, Titi, tē′tē, n. a South American squirrel-monkey.

Teeter, tē′ter, n. (U.S.) a see-saw.—v.i. to see-saw.

Teeth. See Tooth.

Teething, tēth′ing, n. the first growth of teeth, or the process by which they make their way through the gums.—v.i. Teethe, to grow or cut the teeth.

Teetotaler, tē-tō′tal-ėr, n. one pledged to entire abstinence from intoxicating drinks.—adj. '.—n. '. [Prob. from a stammering pronunciation of the word Total by Richard Turner of Preston in 1833.]

Tee-totum, tē-tō′tum, n. a toy like a small top, twirled by the fingers.

Teff, tef, n. an Abyssinian cereal-grass.

Tegmen, teg′men, n. a covering: (bot.) the endopleura or inner coat of the seed: (anat.) the roof of the tympanic cavity of the ear: the covering of the posterior wing of some insects;—pl. '.—adj. '. [L.]

Tegmentum, teg-men′tum, n. the scaly covering of the leaf-buds of deciduous trees.—adj. .

Tegulated, teg-ū-lāt′ed, adj. composed of plates overlapping like tiles.—adj. '.—adv. '. [L. tegula, a tile—tegĕre, to cover.]

Tegument, teg′ū-ment, n. an integument.—adjs. ', '. [L. tegumentum—tegĕre, to cover.]

Tehee, tē′hē′, n. a laugh.—v.i. to titter. [Imit.]

Teian, Tean, tē′an, adj. pertaining to Teos in ancient Ionia, or to the poet Anacreon, a native.

Te Igitur, tē ij′i-tur, n. the first paragraph of the eucharistic canon in the Roman liturgy.

Teil, tēl, n. the linden or lime tree: the terebinth. [O. Fr. teil—L. tilia.]

Teinds, tēndz, n.pl. the name given in Scotland to tithes, or, strictly, to that part of the estates of the laity which is liable to be assessed for the stipend of the clergy of the established church.

Teinoscope, tī′nō-skōp, n. an optical instrument consisting of two prisms so combined as to correct the chromatic aberration.

Teknonymy, tek-non′i-mi, n. the naming of the parent from the child.—adj. . [Gr. teknon, a child, onoma, a name.]

Tela, tē′la, n. a tissue:—pl. Telæ —adjs. ', pertaining to a tela, web, or tissue; ', spinning a web.—n. a spinning spider.—adj. , pertaining to a tela, woven, spun. [L.]

Telamon, tel′a-mon, n. (archit.) a man's figure bearing an entablature. [Gr. telamōn, bearer.]

Telangiectasia, te-lan-ji-ek-tā′si-a, n. a dilation of the small arteries or capillaries—also '.—adj. '. [Gr. telos, the end, angeion, a vessel, ektasis, extension.]

Telautograph, te-law′tō-graf, n. a writing or copying telegraph, invented by Elisha Gray, for reproducing writings at a distance. [Gr. tēle, far, autos, self, graphein, to write.]

Teld, teld, (Spens.) told.

Teledu, tel′e-dōō, n. the stinking badger of Java.

Telega, tē-lā′ga, n. a Russian cart without springs.

Telegram, tel′e-gram, n. a message sent by telegraph.—adj. , pertaining to a telegram, brief, succinct. [Gr. tēle, at a distance, gramma, that which is written—graphein, to write.]

Telegraph, tel′e-graf, n. an apparatus for transmitting intelligible messages to a distance, esp. by means of electricity.—v.t. to convey or announce by telegraph.—ns. ', a cable containing wires for transmitting telegraphic messages; ' (or ' (or  one who works a telegraph.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to, or communicated by, a telegraph.—adv. ', in a telegraphic manner: by means of the telegraph.—ns. ', an Indian leguminous plant, the small lateral leaflets of whose trifoliate leaves have a strange, spontaneous motion, jerking up and down (sometimes 180 times in a minute), as if signalling, and also rotate on their axes; ' (or  the science or art of constructing or using telegraphs. [Gr. tēle at a distance, graphein to write.]

Telekinesis, tel-ē-ki-nē′sis, n. the production of motion without contact, through supra-physical causes, beyond the range of the senses.—adj. . [Gr. tēle, far, kinēsis, movement.]

Telemeter, tē-lem′e-tėr, n. an instrument for fixing distances in surveying, &c.—adj. '.—n. '. [Gr. tēle, far, metron, measure.]

Teleology, tel-e-ol′ō-ji, n. the doctrine of the final causes of things.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—ns. '; . [Gr. telos, issue, logos, a discourse.]

Teleosaurus, tē-lē-ō-sawr′us, n. a genus of fossil saurians belonging to the Oolitic period.—adj. and n. . [Gr. teleios, perfect, sauros, a lizard.]

Teleost, tel′ē-ost, adj. osseous.—n. an osseous fish—also . [Gr. teleios, complete, osteon, bone.]

Telepathy, tel′ē-path-i, or tē-lep′a-thi, n. the supposed fact that communication is possible between mind and mind otherwise than through the known channels of the senses, as at a distance without external means.—adj. '.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to affect or act upon through telepathy.—v.i. to practise telepathy.—n. ' (or one who believes in telepathy. [Gr. tēle, far, pathos, feeling.]

Telepheme, tel′ē-fēm, n. a telephonic message. [Gr. tēle, far, phēmē, a saying.]

Telephone, tel′e-fōn, n. an instrument for reproducing sound at a distance over a conducting wire or cord, esp. by means of electricity.—v.t. and v.i. to communicate by telephone.—n. ', one who uses a telephone.—adj. '.—adv. '.—ns. ', one who uses the telephone, one skilled in its use; ', an apparatus for recording a telephone message.—adj. '.—n. , the art of telephoning. [Gr. tēle, far, phōnē, a sound.]

Telephote, tel′ē-fōt, n. an instrument for reproducing images of objects at a distance by means of electricity.—ns. ', a picture so produced; ', the art of producing such—still a dream of the future. [Gr. tēle, far, phōs, phōtos, light.]

Teleplastic, tel-ē-plas′tik, adj. pertaining to the materialisation of spiritualistic phenomena.—Also . [Gr. tēle, far, plassein, to form.]

Telerpeton, tē-lėr′pe-ton, n. a remarkable genus of fossil reptiles of the Mesozoic period. [Gr. tēle, far, herpeton, a reptile.]

Telescope, tel′e-skōp, n. an optical instrument for viewing objects at a distance.—v.t. to drive together so that one thing, as a railway-carriage in a collision, slides into another like the movable joints of a spyglass.—v.i. to be forced into each other in such a way.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to, performed by, or like a telescope: seen only by a telescope.—adv. '.—adj. '.—ns. ', one who uses the telescope; ' (or the art of constructing or of using the telescope. [Fr.,—Gr. tēle, at a distance, skopein, to see.]

Teleseme, tel′ē-sēm, n. a system of electric signalling for the automatic transmission of different signals, in use in large hotels, for police alarms, &c. [Gr. tēle, far, sēma, a sign.]

Telesia, tē-lē′si-a, n. the sapphire. [Gr. telesios, finishing—telos, the end.]

Telespectroscope, tel-ē-spek′trō-skōp, n. a combined astronomical telescope and spectroscope.

Telestereoscope, tel-ē-ster′ē-ō-skōp, n. an optical instrument presenting distant objects in relief.

Telestic, tē-les′tik, adj. pertaining to the final end. [Gr. telos, an end.]

Telestich, tel′ē-stik, n. a poem in which the final letters of the lines make a name.

Telethermograph, tel-ē-ther′mō-graf, n. a self-registering telethermometer.

Telethermometer, tel-ē-ther-mom′e-tėr, n. thermometer that records its temperature at a distance.

Teleutospore, tē-lū′tō-spōr, n. a thick-walled winter spore of the rust-fungi (Uredineæ), producing on germination a promycelium. [Gr. teleutē completion, spora, seed.]

Telic, tel′ik; adj. denoting a final end or purpose.

Tell, tel, v.t. to number or give an account of: to utter: to narrate: to disclose: to inform: to discern: to explain.—v.i. to give an account: to produce or take effect: to chat, gossip: to tell tales, play the informer:—pa.t. and pa.p. tōld.—adj. ', capable of being told.—ns. ', one who tells or counts: a clerk whose duty it is to receive and pay money; ', the office of a teller.—p.adj. ', having great effect.—adv. ', in a telling or effective manner.—n. ', one who tells tales: one who officiously tells the private concerns of others: an indication or an indicator, as an automatic instrument: a bird of genus Totanus, a tattler.—adj. given to reveal secrets, blabbing: apparent, openly seen: giving warning.—Tell off, to count off: to detach on some special duty. [A.S. tellan; Ice. telja, Ger. zählen, to number.]

Tellural, tel′ū-ral, adj. pertaining to the earth.

Tellurium, te-lū′ri-um, n. an element by some classed as a metal, placed by others among the metalloids, brittle and crystalline, of high metallic lustre, bluish-white in colour, with close analogies to sulphur and selenium.—n. ', a salt of telluric acid.—adjs. ', combined with tellurium; ', pertaining to the earth.—n. an inhabitant of the earth.—adj. ', pertaining to, or proceeding from, the earth: of or from tellurium.—n. ', a compound of tellurium with an electro-positive element.—adjs. ', containing tellurium; , pertaining to tellurium. [L. tellus, telluris, the earth.]

Telotype, tel′ō-tīp, n. a printing electric telegraph: an automatically printed telegram.

Telpher, tel′fėr, adj. pertaining to a system of telpherage.—n. , a term coined by Prof. Fleeming Jenkin for a system of electric traction developed on an absolute automatic block system, the presence of a train on one section cutting off the supply of electric energy to the section behind, any mode of transport effected automatically with the aid of electricity. [Framed from tel(egraph)—Gr. tēle, far, pherein, to carry.]

Telson, tel′son, n. the last somite of the pleon or abdomen of certain crustaceans and arachnidans. [Gr. telson, a boundary.]

Telugu, tel′ōō-gōō, n. the language spoken in the north-western portion of the Dravidian area inhabited by the Telingas.—Also .

Temed, tēmd, adj. (Spens.) yoked in a team.

Temenos, tem′e-nos, n. a piece of land marked off from common uses and dedicated to a god, a precinct. [Gr.,—temnein, to cut off.]

Temerity, te-mėr′i-ti, n. rashness: unreasonable contempt for danger.—adj. ' (obs.), rash, reckless.—adv. '.—adj. ', rash.—adv. '. [Fr. témérité—L. temeritas—temere, by chance, rashly.]

Temewise, tēm′wīz, adv. (Spens.) like a team.

Tempean, tem-pē′an, adj. pertaining to, or resembling, Tempe, a valley in Thessaly, praised by the classic poets for its matchless beauty: beautiful: delightful.

Temper, tem′pėr, v.t. to mix in due proportion: to modify by blending or mixture: to moderate: to soften: to bring to a proper degree of hardness and elasticity, as steel: to amend or adjust, as a false or imperfect concord.—n. due mixture or balance or different or contrary qualities: state of a metal as to hardness, &c.: constitution of the body: constitutional frame or state of mind, esp. with regard to feelings, disposition, temperament, mood: passion, irritation: calmness or moderation: in sugar-works lime or other substance used to neutralise the acidity of cane-juice.—adjs. ', capable of being tempered; ', having a certain specified disposition or temper: brought to a certain temper, as steel: (mus.) tuned or adjusted to some mean, or to equal, temperament.—adv. '.—ns. '; , the process of giving the required degree of hardness or softness to iron or steel, by heating to redness and cooling in different ways. [L. temperāre, to combine properly, allied to tempus, time.]

Tempera, tem′pe-rä, n. (paint.) same as Distemper.

Temperament, tem′pėr-a-ment, n. state with respect to the predominance of any quality: internal constitution or state: disposition, one of the peculiarities of physical and mental organisation which to a certain extent influence our thoughts and actions—choleric or bilious, lymphatic, nervous, sanguine: the adjustment of imperfect concords, so that the difference between two contiguous sounds is reduced to a minimum and the two appear identical—a system of compromise in the tuning of keyed instruments.—adj. '.—adv. '. [L. temperamentum—temperāre.]

Temperance, tem′pėr-ans, n. moderation, esp. in the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions—in a narrower sense, moderation in the use of alcoholic liquors, and even entire abstinence from such.—Temperance hotel, one which professes to supply no alcoholic liquors; Temperance movement, a political agitation for the restriction or abolition of the use of alcoholic liquors; Temperance society, usually an association of total-abstainers from alcoholic liquors. [L. temperantia.]

Temperate, tem′pėr-āt, adj. moderate in degree of any quality, esp. in the appetites and passions, self-restrained: calm: cool, mild, moderate in temperature: abstemious.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. '.—n. ', constitution: proportion: degree of any quality, esp. of heat or cold in weather or climate: the thermal condition of a body which determines the interchange of heat between it and other bodies: state of a living body with respect to sensible heat.—Temperate zones, the parts of the earth of more cool and equable temperature lying between the tropics and the polar circles—the North Temperate Zone being the space between the tropic of Cancer and the arctic circle; the South Temperate Zone, that between the tropic of Capricorn and the antarctic circle.

Tempest, tem′pest, n. wind rushing with great velocity, usually with rain or snow: a violent storm: any violent commotion.—adjs. '; ' (Shak.), driven about by storms; ', resembling, or pertaining to, a tempest: very stormy: turbulent.—adv. '.—n. .—Tempest in a tea-pot, a great disturbance over a trivial matter. [O. Fr. tempeste—L. tempestas, a season, tempest—tempus, time.]

Templar, tem′plar, n. one of a religious and military order founded in 1119 for the protection of the Holy Sepulchre and pilgrims going thither—extinguished, 1307-14, in one of the darkest tragedies of history: a student or lawyer living in the Temple, London.—Good Templar, a member of a teetotal society whose organisation is a travesty of that of the Freemasons. [Orig. called 'Poor fellow-soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon,' from their first headquarters in the palace of King Baldwin II., which was built on the site of the temple of Solomon, close to the church of the Holy Sepulchre.]

Template, tem′plāt, n. a mould in wood or metal, showing the outline or profile of mouldings, and from which the workmen execute the moulding.—Also . [Low L. templatus, vaulted—L. templum, a small timber.]

Temple, tem′pl, n. an edifice erected to a deity or for religious purposes: a place of worship: in London, two inns of court, once occupied by the Knights Templars. [L. templum, prob. for temulum, a space marked out for religious purposes, dim. of tempus, a piece cut off.]

Temple, tem′pl, n. the flat portion of either side of the head above the cheekbone.—adj. , pertaining to the temples. [O. Fr. temple—L. tempora, the temples, pl. of tempus, time.]

Tempo, tem′pō, n. (mus.) time, relative rapidity of rhythm. [It.]

Temporal, tem′por-al, adj. pertaining to time, esp. to this life or world—opposed to eternal: worldly, secular, or civil—opposed to sacred or ecclesiastical.—n. ', what pertains to temporal welfare: (pl.) secular possessions, revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tithes, and the like.—adv. '.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. '.—adjs. ', ', for a time only: transient.—n. '.—v.i. ', to comply with the time or occasion: to yield to circumstances.—ns. '; '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. tempus, time.]

Tempt, temt, v.t. to put to trial: to test: to try to persuade, esp. to evil: to entice.—adj. '.—ns. '; ', act of tempting: state of being tempted: that which tempts: enticement to evil: trial.—adj. ', seductive.—n. ', one who tempts, esp. the devil:—fem. '.—adj. ', adapted to tempt or entice.—adv. '.—n. . [O. Fr. tempter (Fr. tenter)—L. tentāre, an inten. of tendĕre, to stretch.]

Temse, Tems, tems, n. a sieve.—v.t. to sift. [Cf. Dut. tems.]

Temulence, tem′ū-lens, n. intoxication—also '.—adj. '.—adv. . [L. temulentus, drunk.]

Ten, ten, adj. twice five.—n. a figure denoting ten units, as 10 or x.: a playing-card with ten spots: ten o'clock in the morning or evening.—n.  (see under Upper). [A.S. tén, tíen; Ger. zehn, W. deg, L. decem, Gr. deka, Sans. daçan.]

Tenable, ten′a-bl, adj. capable of being retained, kept, or defended.—ns. ', ', the state or quality of being tenable. [Fr. tenable, from tenir—L. tenēre, to hold.]

Tenace, ten′ās, n. at whist, a holding of the first and third best cards (major tenace), or the second and fourth best cards (minor tenace), in a suit. [Fr.]

Tenacious, tē-nā′shus, adj. retaining or holding fast: apt to stick: stubborn.—adv. '.—ns. ', , quality of being tenacious: the quality of bodies which makes them stick to others. [L. tenax—tenēre.]

Tenaculum, tē-nak′ū-lum, n. a surgical hooked instrument for drawing out a divided blood-vessel to be tied.

Tenaille, te-nāl′, n. (fort.) an outwork in the main ditch immediately in front of the curtain, of great use for protecting the ditch, covering the postern from the enemy's view, &c.—n. Tenaillon a work to strengthen the side of a small ravelin, and to support the shoulder of the bastion. [Fr.,—L. tenaculum, a holder—tenēre, to hold.]

Tenant, ten′ant, n. one who holds or possesses land or property under another, the payments and services which he owes to his superior constituting his tenure: one who has, on certain conditions, temporary possession of any place, an occupant.—v.t. to hold as a tenant.—n. ', a holding by private ownership: a temporary holding of land or property by a tenant.—adj. ', fit to be tenanted: in a state of repair suitable for a tenant.—n. ', a farmer who rents a farm from the landlord.—adj. ', without a tenant.—ns.

Ten′ant-right, the customary right of the tenant to sit continuously at a reasonable rent, and to receive compensation for his interest from the incoming tenant, and for all permanent or unexhausted improvements from the landlord; , the body of tenants on an estate. [Fr. tenant—L. tenens, pr.p. of tenēre, to hold.]

Tench, tensh, n. a fresh-water fish, of the carp family, very tenacious of life. [O. Fr. tenche (Fr. tanche)—L. tinca.]

Tend, tend, v.t. to accompany as assistant or protector: to take care of, to be attentive to, to wait upon so as to execute.—ns. ' (Spens.), state of expectation: (Shak.) act of waiting or tending, also persons attendant; ', a small vessel that attends a larger with stores, &c.: a carriage attached to locomotives to supply fuel and water. [Contracted from attend.]

Tend, tend, v.i. to stretch, aim at, move, or incline in a certain direction: to be directed to any end or purpose: to contribute.—n. , direction, object, or result to which anything tends: inclination: drift. [Fr. tendre—L. tendĕre; Gr. teinein, to stretch.]

Tender, ten′dėr, v.t. to stretch out or offer for acceptance, esp. to offer to supply certain commodities for a certain period at rates specified.—n. an offer or proposal, esp. of some service, also the paper containing it: the thing offered, the actual production and formal offer of a sum due in legal money, or an offer of services to be performed, in order to save the consequences of non-payment or non-performance.

Tender, ten′dėr, adj. soft, delicate: easily impressed or injured: not hardy: fragile: weak and feeble: easily moved to pity, love, &c.: careful not to injure (with of): unwilling to cause pain: apt to cause pain: pathetic, expressive of the softer passions: compassionate, loving, affectionate: young and inexperienced: weakly in health: delicate, requiring careful handling: quick, keen: apt to lean over under sail.—n. ', one not yet hardened to life in the prairie, mining-camp, &c.: a new-comer.—adj. ', full of feeling.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ' (Shak.), having great tenderness.—ns. ', one too much coddled, an effeminate fellow: one of the first horns of a deer; ', the tenderest part of the loin of beef, pork, &c., lying close to the ventral side of the lumbar vertebræ.—adv. '.—n. . [Fr. tendre—L. tener, allied to tenuis, thin.]

Tendon, ten′don, n. the white fibrous tissue reaching from the end of a muscle to bone or some other structure which is to serve as a fixed attachment for it, or which it is intended to move—funicular, as the long tendon of the biceps muscle of the arm; fascicular, as the short tendon of that muscle, and as most tendons generally; aponeurotic, tendinous expansions, as the tendons of the abdominal muscles—L. ':—pl. '.—adj. ', consisting of, containing, or resembling tendons: full of tendons: sinewy.—ns. ', the description of tendons; ', that part of anatomy which relates to tendons; ', the surgical operation of dividing a tendon. [Fr. tendon—L. tendĕre, to stretch; cf. Gr. tenōn—teinein, to stretch.]

Tendril, ten′dril, n. a slender, spiral shoot of a plant by which it attaches itself for support.—adj. clasping or climbing.—adj. . [O. Fr. tendrillons, tendre—L. tener, tender.]

Tenebrous, ten′e-brus, adj. dark: gloomy—also .—n.pl. Tenebræ an office held by Roman Catholics on Good Friday and the preceding two days, consisting of the matins and lauds of the following day. During it the church is gradually darkened by the putting out of all the candles but one, which for a time (as a symbol of our Lord's death and burial) is hidden at the Epistle corner of the altar.—adj. ', producing darkness.—ns. ', a genus of beetles, including the meal-worm; , darkness. [L. tenebrosus—tenebræ, darkness.]

Tenement, ten′e-ment, n. anything held, or that may be held, by a tenant: a dwelling or habitation, or part of it, used by one family: one of a set of apartments in one building, each occupied by a separate family.—adjs. '; '.

Tenendum, tē-nen′dum, n. that clause in a deed wherein the tenure of the land is defined and limited. [L., neut. of tenendus, ger. of tenēre, to hold.]

Tenesmus, tē-nes′mus, n. the term applied in medicine to a straining and painful effort to relieve the bowels when no fæcal matter is present in the rectum, the effort being caused by some adjacent source of irritation.—adj. .

Tenet, ten′et, n. any opinion, principle, or doctrine which a person holds or maintains as true. [L. tenet, he holds—tenēre, to hold.]

Tenfold, ten′fōld, adj. ten times folded: ten times more.

Tenioid=Tænioid.

Tenné, te-nā′, n. (her.) an orange-brown tincture. [Tawny.]

Tenner, ten′ėr, n. (slang) a ten-pound note.

Tennis, ten′is, n. an ancient game for two to four persons, played with ball and rackets within a building specially constructed for the purpose: lawn-tennis (q.v.), a modern imitation of the former.—ns. ', a ball used in the game of tennis; ', a place or court for playing at tennis. [Skeat suggests O. Fr. tenies, pl. of tenie, a fillet—L. tænia.]

Tenon, ten′un, n. a projection at the end of a piece of wood inserted into the socket or mortise of another, to hold the two together.—v.t. to fit with tenons.—ns. ', a machine for forming tenons; ', a thin back-saw for tenons, &c. [Fr. tenon—tenir, to hold—L. tenēre.]

Tenor, ten′ur, n. continuity of state: general run or currency: purport: the higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult males: the part next above the bass in a vocal quartet: one who sings tenor.—adj. pertaining to the tenor in music.—ns. ', the C clef, placed on the fourth line; '. [L. tenor—tenēre, to hold.]

Tenpenny, ten′pen-i, adj. worth or sold at tenpence.

Tenpins, ten′pinz, n. a game played in a bowling-alley, the aim being to bowl down ten pins set up at the far end.

Tenrec, ten′rek, n. a genus of Insectivora, of one species, 12 to 16 inches long, with squat body and hardly any tail, found in Madagascar and Mauritius.—Also . [Malagasy.]

Tense, tens, n. time in grammar, the form of a verb to indicate the time of the action. [O. Fr. tens (Fr. temps)—L. tempus, time.]

Tense, tens, adj. strained to stiffness: rigid.—adv. '.—ns. ', state of being tense; ', ', quality of being tensile.—adjs. ', ', capable of being stretched.—ns. ', act of stretching: state of being stretched or strained: strain: effort: strain in the direction of the length, or the degree of it: mental strain, excited feeling: a strained state of any kind; ', a rod in a structure holding together different parts; ', tenseness: state of being tense.—adj. ', giving the sensation of tenseness or stiffness.—n. , a muscle that tightens a part. [L. tensus, pa.p. of tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tenson, ten′son, n. a competition in verse between two troubadours before a tribunal of love, also a subdivision of the chanson composed at such.—Also . [Fr.,—L. tensio, a struggle.]

Tent, tent, n. a portable lodge or shelter, generally of canvas stretched on poles: a plug or roll of lint used to dilate a wound or opening in the flesh—v.t. to probe: to keep open with a tent.—ns. ', a bed having a canopy hanging from a central point overhead; ', canvas, duck, &c. suitable for tents.—adj. ', covered with tents.—ns. ', one who lives in a tent; ', an external piece of canvas stretched above the ridge-pole of a tent, shading from sun or shielding from rain; ', as many as a tent will hold; ', an additional rope for securing a tent against a storm.—adjs. ', shaped like a tent; ' (Keats), having the form of a tent.—ns. ', one who makes tents; ', ', a strong peg of notched wood, or of iron, driven into the ground to fasten one of the ropes of a tent to; ', a favourite cavalry exercise in India, in which the competitor, riding at full speed, tries to bear off a tent-peg on the point of a lance; ', one of the poles used in pitching a tent; ', one of the ropes by which a tent is secured to the tent-pins, generally one for each breadth of the canvas; ', in worsted and embroidery, a series of parallel diagonal stitches—also Petit point; , work produced by embroidering with tent-stitch. [Fr. tente—Low L. tenta—L. tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tent, tent, n. a Spanish wine of a deep-red colour. [Sp. tinto, deep-coloured—L. tinctus, pa.p. of tingĕre, to dye.]

Tent, tent, v.t. (Scot.) to take heed.—v.i. to be careful.—n. care, watchfulness. [Same as Intent.]

Tentacle, ten′ta-kl, n. a thread-like organ of certain insects for feeling or motion.—adjs. '; '; '; '.—n. , a genus of annulated tapering shells, found abundantly in Silurian and Devonian strata. [Fr. tentacule—L. tentāre, to feel—tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tentation, ten-tā′shun, n. old form of temptation.

Tentative, ten′ta-tiv, adj. trying: experimental.—n. any attempt, conjecture.—adv. . [Fr.,—Late L.,—L. tentāre, to try—tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tenter, ten′tėr, n. a machine for extending or stretching cloth on by hooks.—v.t. to stretch on hooks.—n. , a sharp, hooked nail, anything that gives torture.—Be on tenter-hooks, to be on the stretch: to be in suspense or anxiety. [Fr. tenture—L. tentura—tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tenter, ten′tėr, n. one who has charge of something.—adj. , attentive.

Tenth, tenth, adj. the last of ten: next in order after the ninth.—n. one of ten equal parts.—adv. , in the tenth place.

Tentigo, ten-tī′gō, n. morbid lasciviousness.—adj. .

Tentorium, ten-tō′ri-um, n. a sheet of the dura mater stretched between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.—adj. . [L., 'a tent'—tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tenture, ten′tūr, n. hangings for walls.

Tenuity, te-nū′i-ti, n. thinness: smallness of diameter: slenderness: rarity.—v.t. ', to make tenuous.—adj. ', slender-billed, as a bird of the ', a large division of passerine birds including humming-birds, nuthatches, &c.—adj. ', thin, slender. [L. tenuitas—tenuis, thin, slender; cf. tendĕre, to stretch.]

Tenure, ten′ūr, n. a general name for the conditions on which land is held by the persons who occupy and use it. [Fr. tenure—Low L. tenura—L. tenēre, to hold.]

Tenuto, te-nōō′tō, adj. (mus.) sustained—opp. to Staccato. [It.]

Teocalli, te-ō-kal′li, n. one of the temples of the aborigines of Central America, which were erected on the top of a four-sided pyramid, and the remains of which are chiefly found in Mexico.

Tepefy, tep′ē-fī, v.t. to make tepid or moderately warm:—pa.t. and pa.p. —n. , act of making tepid or lukewarm. [L. tepefacĕre—tepēre, to be warm, facĕre, to make.]

Tephrite, tef′rīt, n. a name applied to certain modern volcanic rocks.—adj. '.—ns. ', a variety of tephrite; , a reddish silicate of manganese.

Tephromancy, tef′rō-man-si, n. divination from the inspection of the ashes of a sacrifice.—Also . [Gr. tephra, ashes, manteia, divination.]

Tepid, tep′id, adj. moderately warm: lukewarm.—ns. ', an intermediate chamber in a Roman series of bathrooms, moderately hot: a boiler in which the water was heated: any room containing a warm bath; ', ', lukewarmness; ', gentle heat. [L. tepidus—tepēre, to be warm.]

Ter, tėr, adv. thrice. [L.]

Teramorphous, ter-a-mor′fus, adj. monstrous in form or nature. [Gr. teras, a monster, morphē, form.]

Teraphim, ter′a-fim, n.pl. a Hebrew word of uncertain derivation, denoting a certain kind of images, idols, or household gods, of a human figure, associated with divination, and commonly used in the popular worship:—sing. . [Heb.]

Teratology, ter-a-tol′ō-ji, n. the study of malformations or abnormal growths, animal or vegetable.—adj. ', producing monsters.—n. ', the production of monsters.—adjs. ', monstrous; ', ', pertaining to teratology.—ns. ', one skilled in teratology; ', an anomalous congenital tumour, often containing many different tissues.—adj. '.—n. , monstrosity. [Gr. teras, teratos, a monster.]

Terbium, ter′bi-um, n. a rare metal found in certain yttrium minerals.—adj. .

Terce, tėrs, n. (Scots law) a widow's right, where she has no conventional provision, to a liferent of a third of the husband's heritable property: the office of the third hour, which should be said between sunrise and noon. [Tierce.]

Tercel, tėrs′el, n. Same as Tiercel.

Tercentenary, tėr-sen′te-nā-ri, adj. including or relating to an interval of three hundred years.—n. the 300th anniversary of anything.—adj. .

Tercet, ter′set, n. a triplet.

Tercine, ter′sin, n. (bot.) a layer of the primine coat of an ovule.

Terebene, ter′ē-bēn, n. a light-yellow liquid, obtained by treating oil of turpentine with sulphuric acid, used as a disinfectant.—adj. ', pertaining to turpentine.—n. ', the turpentine-tree.—adj. . [L.,—Gr. terebinthos.]

Terebra, ter′ē-bra, n. a Roman engine for making a breach in a wall: the borer or ovipositor of various insects.—adj. '.—n. a borer, a bore.—v.t. ', to bore.—adj. provided with a borer.—n. . [L.]

Terebratula, ter-ē-brat′ū-la, n. a genus of deep-sea Brachiopods, from the form of the ventral valve of their shell termed Lamp-shells.—n. ', one of this genus.—adj. '.—n. ', a fossil terebratulid.—adj. ' (also n.).

Teredo, tē-rē′do, n. the ship-worm, a worm very destructive in boring into wood.—Also . [L.,—Gr. terēdōn, from teirein, to wear away.]

Terek, ter′ek, n. a kind of sandpiper, of the genus .

Terentian, ter-en′shi-an, adj. pertaining to the Roman comic poet Terence, P. Terentius Afer (b. 195 B.C.).

Teres, tē′rēz, n. a terete muscle.—adjs. ', cylindrical and tapering, columnar; ', round-tailed. [L. teres, terĕtis, smooth, terĕre, to rub.]

Tergal, ter′gal, adj. pertaining to the back, dorsal.—adjs. ' (her.), turning the back, recursant; ', bearing on the back.—n. ', the tergum or back of one of the somites or segments of an arthropod, &c.—adj. '.—n. ', the back, dorsum, or notum, as of an arthropod:—pl. '. [L. tergum, the back.]

Tergeminate, ter-jem′i-nāt, adj. thrice double.—Also ', '.

Tergiversation, tėr-ji-vėr-sā′shun, n. a shuffling or shifting: subterfuge: fickleness of conduct.—v.i. ', to practise or use evasion.—n. '. [L., from tergum, the back, versāri, to turn.]

Term, tėrm, n. any limited period: the time for which anything lasts: the time during which the courts of law are open: certain days on which rent is paid: that by which a thought is expressed, a word or expression: a condition or arrangement (gener. in pl.): (alg.) a member of a compound quantity.—v.t. to apply a term to: to name or call.—n. ', one who attends a court term, often with the sense of a shifty rogue: one holding an estate for a term of years—also '.—adj. '.—adv. '.—n. ', doctrine of terms: the terms used in any art, science, &c.—adj. ', having no term or end: (Spens.) unlimited, boundless.—adv. , term by term.—Be on terms with, to be on friendly relations with; Bring to terms, to compel to the acceptance of conditions; Come to terms, to come to an agreement: to submit; Eat one's terms (see Eat); In terms of, in the language peculiar to anything, in modes of; Keep a term, to give the regular attendance during a period of study; Major term, in a syllogism, that which is the predicate of the conclusion; the Minor term, that which is the subject of the conclusion; Make terms, to come to an agreement; Speak in terms, to speak plainly; Stand upon one's terms (with), to insist upon conditions. [Fr. terme—L. terminus, a boundary.]

Terma, ter′ma, n. the terminal lamina of the brain.—adj. .—n. the termatic artery. [Gr., 'a limit.']

Termagant, tėr′ma-gant, n. a boisterous, bold woman.—adj. boisterous: brawling: tumultuous.—n. ', state or quality of being a termagant: turbulence.—adv. '. [M. E. Termagant or Tervagant, a supposed Mohammedan idol, represented in the old plays and moralities as of a violent character—O. Fr. Tervagant, Tervagan—It. Trivigante, perh. from the moon as wandering under three names of Selene (Luna) in heaven, Artemis (Diana) on earth, and Persephone (Proserpine) in the lower world.]

Termes, tėr′mēz, n. a genus of pseudoneuropterous insects. [Termite.]

Terminate, tėr′min-āt, v.t. to set a limit to: to set the boundary: to put an end to: to finish.—v.i. to be limited: to end either in space or time: to close.—adj. ', that may be limited: that may terminate or cease.—n. '.—adj. ', pertaining to, or growing at, the end or extremity: ending a series or part: occurring in every term.—n.pl. ', an annual Roman festival in honour of Terminus, the god of boundaries.—adv. '.—n. ', act of terminating or ending: limit: end: result: the ending of words as varied by their signification.—adjs. ', pertaining to, or forming, a termination; ', tending to terminate or determine: absolute.—adv. '.—n. ', one who, or that which, terminates: the boundary between the illuminated and dark portions of the moon or of a planet.—adj. . [L. terminus.]

Terminus, tėr′mi-nus, n. the end or extreme point: one of the extreme points of a railway, &c.: the ancient Roman god of boundaries:—pl. ' (ī).—ns. ' (law), the act of determining; ', the theological doctrine that there is a limit in the life of each man and of mankind for the operation of grace; ', one who believes in terminism.

Termite, ter′mīt, n. the white ant.—ns. ', ', a mound of termites.—adj. . [L. termes, termitis, a wood-worm.]

Tern, tėrn, n. a long-winged aquatic fowl allied to the gull.—n. , a place where terns breed. [Allied to Dan. terne, sea-swallow, Ice. therna.]

Tern, tėrn, adj. threefold: consisting of three: growing in threes.—n. that which consists of three things or numbers together: a prize in a lottery got by drawing three favourable numbers.—adjs. ', threefold; ', proceeding by, or consisting of, threes.—n. the number three.—adj. ', threefold, or arranged in threes.—adv. '.—n. , a section of paper for a book containing three double leaves or twelve pages. [L. terni, three each—tres, three.]

Terne, tėrn, n. an inferior tin-plate for roofs and the inside of packing-cases. [Fr. terne, dull.]

Terpene, ter′pēn, n. one of several isomeric oily hydrocarbons. [Terebene.]

Terpsichore, tėrp-sik′ō-rē, n. one of the nine muses, who presided over choral song and dancing.—adj. , relating to Terpsichore, or to dancing. [Gr. terpsichorē, delighting in dancing—terpsis, delight—terpein, to enjoy, choros, dancing.]

Terra, ter′a, n. earth.—ns. ', a composition of clay and sand used for statues, hardened like bricks by fire; ', agriculture; ', a person of humble origin: formerly the title of a scholar at Oxford who composed annually a satirical lampoon in which considerable license was allowed; ', a term frequently employed to denote continental land as distinguished from islands: (coll.) land as distinguished from water; ', pale catechu or gambier; ' an earthy deposit containing fertilising organic or mineral matter, any deposit containing prehistoric remains.—adjs. ', being in the earth; ', growing on land.—ns. ', a vivarium for land animals; ', a name given to a ferruginous red earth extensively developed in the limestone districts of south-eastern Europe, esp. in Istria and Dalmatia. [L. terra, earth; L. cocta, pa.p. of coquĕre, to cook; L. firmus, firm; It. amara, bitter; rosso, red.]

Terrace, ter′ās, n. a raised level bank of earth: any raised flat place: the flat roof of a house:—pl. (geol.) comparatively level strips of land near the sea, lakes, or rivers, with a sharp descent at the edge towards the water, showing an ancient water-level.—v.t. to form into a terrace. [Fr. terrasse—It. terrazza—L. terra, the earth.]

Terrain, ter′ān, n. (geol.) any series of rocks continuously related: any tract considered in relation to its fitness for some purpose. [Fr.,—L. terrenum.]

Terrapin, ter′a-pin, n. the popular name of many species of fresh-water and tidal tortoises of the family Emydidæ, natives of tropical and the warmer temperate countries. [Supposed to be Amer. Ind. in origin.]

Terraqueous, ter-ā′kwē-us, adj. consisting of land and water.—Also . [Coined from L. terra, earth, aqua, water.]

Terreen, ter-ēn′, n. less common form of tureen.

Terremotive, ter-e-mō′tiv, adj. seismic.

Terrene, te-rēn′, adj. pertaining to the earth: earthy: earthly.—adv. '.—n. '. [L. terrenus—terra, the earth.]

Terrestrial, te-res′tri-al, adj. pertaining to, or existing on, the earth: earthly: living on the ground: representing the earth.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. , terrestrial. [L. terrestris—terra, the earth.]

Terret, ter′et, n. one of the two round loops or rings on a pad-tree, through which the driving reins pass.—Also .

Terrible, ter′i-bl, adj. fitted to excite terror or awe: awful: dreadful.—ns. ', an inconveniently outspoken child—the Fr. enfant terrible; ', state of being terrible: terror, dread.—adv. . [L. terribilis—terrēre, to frighten.]

Terricolous, te-rik′ō-lus, adj. terrestrial.—Also ', '. [L. terra, earth, colĕre, to inhabit.]

Terrier, ter′i-ėr, n. a name originally applied to any breed of dog used to burrow underground, but now applied to any small dog—varieties are the Fox terrier, Scotch terrier (sometimes Skye terrier), Dandie Dinmont (from the stout Borderer in Scott's 'Guy Mannering'), the Irish terrier, Bedlington, &c.: a hole or burrow where foxes, rabbits, &c. secure themselves. [Fr. terrier—terre, the earth—L. terra.]

Terrier, ter′i-ėr, n. a register or roll of a landed estate. [O. Fr.,—L. terrarius—terra, land.]

Terrify, ter′i-fī, v.t. to cause terror in: to frighten greatly: to alarm:—pa.t. and pa.p. —adj. ', creating or causing terror: fitted to terrify: dreadful.—adv. '. [L. terrēre, to terrify, facĕre, to make.]

Terrigenous, te-rij′e-nus, adj. produced by the earth.

Terrine, te-rēn′, n. an earthenware vessel for containing some dainty: a tureen for soup. [Fr.,—L. terra, earth.]

Territory, ter′i-tō-ri, n. the extent of land around or belonging to a city or state: domain: (U.S.) a portion of the country not yet admitted as a State into the Union, and still under a provisional government.—adj. ', pertaining to territory: limited to a district.—v.t. ', to enlarge by addition of territory: to reduce to the state of a territory.—ns. ', a theory of church government according to which the ruler of a country has the natural right to rule also over the ecclesiastical affairs of his people; ', the possession of territory.—adv. '.—adj. ', possessed of territory. [L. territorium—terra, the earth.]

Terror, ter′or, n. extreme fear: an object of fear or dread—(Milt.) '.—adj. ', haunted with terror.—n. '.—v.t. ', to terrify: to govern by terror.—ns. ', one who terrorises; ', a state of terror: a state which impresses terror: an organised system of intimidation; ', one who rules by terror.—adjs. ', free from terror: harmless; ', ', ', seized with terror, terrified.—v.t. ', to smite with terror.—King of Terrors, death; Reign of Terror, or The Terror, the period of fever in the first French Revolution, during which the king, the queen, thousands of victims—the innocent and the guilty—the Girondists, Danton, Madame Roland, and at last Robespierre, were hurried to the guillotine. [L. terror—terrēre, to frighten.]

Terry, ter′i, n. a pile fabric with uncut loops.

Tersanctus. See Trisagion.

Terse, tėrs, adj. compact or concise, with smoothness or elegance: neat.—adv. '.—ns. ', conciseness, brevity; , act of wiping. [L. tersus—tergēre, tersum, to rub clean.]

Tertial, ter′shal, adj. of the third rank among the flight-feathers of a bird's wing.—n. a tertiary flight-feather.

Tertian, tėr′shi-an, adj. occurring every third day.—n. an ague or fever with paroxysms every third day. [L. tertianus—tertius, third—tres, three.]

Tertiary, tėr′shi-ar-i, adj. of the third degree, order, or formation: pertaining to the series of sedimentary rocks or strata lying above the chalk and other secondary strata, and abounding in organic remains—the Cainozoic: (ornith.) tertial.—n. one who, or that which, is tertiary.—n.pl. , a class in the R.C. Church, who, without entering into the seclusion of a monastery, aspire to practise in ordinary life all the substantial obligations of the scheme of virtue laid down in the Gospel. [L. tertiarius—tertius.]

Teruncius, te-run′shi-us, n. an ancient Roman coin, ¼ as, weighing 3 oz.

Teru-tero, ter′ōō-ter′ō, n. the Cayenne lapwing.

Tervy, ter′vi, v.i. (prov.) to struggle.

Terza-rima, ter′tsa-rē′ma, n. a form of Italian triplet in iambic decasyllables, in which the middle line of the first triplet rhymes with the first and third lines of the next triplet, as in Dante's Divina Commedia and Longfellow's translation of it.—n. , a musical composition for three voices. [It., terza, fem. of terzo, third, rima, rhyme.]

Tesho-lama. See Lama.

Tessera, tes′e-ra, n. one of the small square tiles or cut stones used in forming tessellated pavements:—pl. '—also ':—pl. '.—adjs. ', composed of, or like, tessellæ; ', ', ', made up of tesseræ.—v.t. ', to form into squares or lay with chequered work.—adj. '.—n. ', tessellated or mosaic work: the operation of making it. [L. tessella, dim. of tessera, a square piece.]



Test, test, n. a pot in which metals are tried and refined: any critical trial: means of trial: (chem.) anything used to distinguish substances or detect their presence, a reagent: standard: proof: distinction: a witness, testimony: the hard covering of certain animals, shield, lorica.—v.t. to put to proof: to examine critically.—ns. ', a bibulous paper saturated with some chemical compound that readily changes colour when exposed to certain other chemicals; ', a white plate or tile on which to try vitrifiable colours by heat: a glass plate with a series of finely ruled lines used in testing the resolving power of microscopic objectives; ', a cylinder of thin glass closed at one end, used in testing liquids.—n.pl. ', letters or words in type of different sizes for testing the sight.—Test Acts, acts meant to secure that none but rightly affected persons and members of the established religion shall hold office—especially those of 1673 and 1685. [O. Fr. test—L. testa, an earthen pot.]

Test, test, v.t. to attest legally and date.—v.i. to make a will.—adj. , capable of being given by will, capable of witnessing. [Fr. tester—L. testāri, to testify.]

Testa, tes′ta, n. the outer integument of a seed.

Testacea, tes-tā′sē-a, n.pl. shelled or crustaceous animals.—adjs. ' (also n.), ', consisting of, or having, a hard shell.—ns. ', a genus of molluscs belonging to the Pulmonifera, and represented in Britain by three species; ', descriptive testaceology; , conchology. [L. testaceus—testa, a shell.]

Testament, tes′ta-ment, n. that which testifies, or in which an attestation is made: the solemn declaration in writing of one's will: a will: a dispensation, as of the Mosaic or old and the Christian or new, one of the two great divisions of the Bible.—n. ', state of being testate.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to a testament or will: bequeathed or done by will.—adv. '.—adj. ', having made and left a will.—ns. ', a witnessing, a giving by will; ', one who leaves a will;—fem. '; , one of the clauses of an English deed, enumerating the operative words of transfer, statement of consideration, money, &c. [L. testamentum—testāri, to be a witness—testis, a witness.]

Testamur, tes-tā′mur, n. a certificate that one has passed an examination at an English university—from the opening word. [L., 'we testify.']

Tester, tes′tėr, n. a flat canopy, esp. over the head of a bed. [O. Fr. teste (Fr. tête), the head—L. testa, an earthen pot, the skull.]

Tester, tes′tėr, n. a sixpence—also '.—v.t. ' (Shak.), to present or reward with a sixpence. [O. Fr. teston—teste (Fr. tête), the head, from that of Louis XII. on it.]

Testicle, tes′ti-kl, n. a gland which secretes the seminal fluid in males, a testis, one of the stones.—adjs. ', having the testes concealed; ', pertaining to a testicle; ', ', shaped like a testicle.—n. ', a testicle, a rounded body resembling it:—pl. '. [L. testiculus, dim. of testis, a testicle.]

Testiere, tes-ti-ār′, n. complete armour for a horse's head. [O. Fr.]

Testify, tes′ti-fī, v.t. to bear witness: to make a solemn declaration: to protest or declare a charge (with against).—v.t. to bear witness to: to affirm or declare solemnly or on oath:—pa.t. and pa.p. —ns. ' (Scots law), a solemn written assertion; ', the act of testifying or of bearing witness; . [L. testificāri—testis, a witness, facĕre, to make.]

Testimony, tes′ti-mō-ni, n. evidence: declaration to prove some fact: proof: (B.) the two tables of the law: the whole divine revelation.—v.t. (Shak.) to witness.—adj. ', containing testimony.—n. a writing or certificate bearing testimony to one's character or abilities: a sum of money raised by subscription and presented in any form to a person as a token of respect.—v.t. ', to present with a testimonial. [L. testimonium—testāri, to witness.]

Testing, tes′ting, n. the act of trying for proof: the operation of refining gold and silver: chemical analysis.—Testing clause, in a Scotch deed, the last clause which narrates when and where the parties signed the deed, before what witnesses, by whose hand written, &c.

Testril, tes′tril, n. (Shak.) same as Tester, a sixpence.

Testudinal, tes-tū′din-al, adj. relating to, or resembling, the tortoise.—adjs. ', ', ', arched, vaulted, resembling the carapace of a tortoise.—n. ', a cover for the protection of Roman soldiers attacking a wall, formed by overlapping their oblong shields above their heads: any similarly shaped shelter for miners, &c.: an encysted tumour: the fornix: a kind of lyre, the lute. [L. testudo, -inis, the tortoise.]

Testy, tes′ti, adj. heady: easily irritated: fretful: peevish.—adv. '.—n. '. [From O. Fr. teste (Fr. tête), the head.]

Tetanus, tet′a-nus, n. an involuntary, persistent, intense, and painful contraction or cramp of more or less extensive groups of the voluntary muscles: lockjaw: the state of prolonged contraction of a muscle under stimuli repeated quickly.—adjs. '; '; '.—n. '.—v.t. '.—adj. '.—n. , a rare and little understood disease of the nervous system, occurring both in children and adults, characterised by recurring attacks of tonic spasm of various muscles, particularly those of the fingers and toes, associated with defective hygienic conditions, imperfect ventilation, poor diet, and in children with rickets. [L.,—Gr.,—tetanos, stretched—teinein, to stretch.]

Tetchy, Techy, tech′i, adj. touchy, peevish, fretful.—adv. ', in a tetchy or fretful manner.—n. ', the state of being tetchy or fretful. [Touchy.]

Tête, tāt, n. a head, head-dress.—n. Tête-à-tête a private confidential interview: a sofa for two.—adj. confidential, secret.—adv. in private conversation: face to face. [Fr.]

Tether, teth′ėr, n. a rope or chain for tying a beast, while feeding, within certain limits.—v.t. to confine with a tether: to restrain within certain limits. [M. E. tedir, acc. to Skeat, prob. Celt., Gael. teadhair, a tether, W. tid, a chain. The Low Ger. tider, Ice. tjóðir, are prob. borrowed.]

Tetrabranchiate, tet-ra-brang′ki-āt, adj. having four gills.—n.pl. .

Tetrachord, tet′ra-kord, n. a series of four sounds, forming a scale of two tones and a half.—adj. . [Gr. tetrachordos, four-stringed—tetra, for tetara=tessares, four, chordē, chord.]

Tetrachotomous, tet-ra-kot′ō-mus, adj. doubly dichotomous, arranged in four rows.—n. , a division into four parts. [Gr. tetracha, in four parts, temnein, to cut.]

Tetract, tet′rakt, adj. having four rays.—Also ', '. [Gr., tetra-, four, aktis, a ray.]

Tetrad, tet′rad, n. a group of four: (chem.) an atom, radical, or element having a combining power of four.—adjs. ', '.—n. , one who attaches mystic properties to the number four, one born in the fourth month or on the fourth day of the month.

Tetradactyl, tet-ra-dak′til. adj. having four fingers or toes—also '.—n. ', a four-toed animal.

Tetradecapod, tet-ra-dek′a-pod, adj. having fourteen feet.—n.pl. ', fourteen-footed crustaceans.—adj. '.

Tetragamy, te-trag′a-mi, n. marriage for the fourth time. [Gr., tetra-, four, gamos, marriage.]

Tetragon, tet′ra-gon, n. a figure of four angles.—adj. . [Gr. tetragonon—tetra-, four gōnia, an angle.]

Tetragram, tet′ra-gram, n. a word of four letters: the Tetragrammaton: (geom.) a quadrilateral.—n. , the name JeHoVaH as written with four Hebrew letters, regarded as a mystic symbol: similarly some other sacred word of four letters, as the Latin Deus. [Gr., tetra-, four, gramma, a letter.]

Tetragynous, tet-raj′i-nus, adj. (bot.) having four styles or pistils—also '.—n.pl. '.



Tetrahedron, tet-ra-hē′dron, n. a solid figure enclosed by four bases or triangles.—adjs. ', having four sides: bounded by four triangles; '.—n. , a solid of twenty-four triangular faces. [Gr., tetra-, four, hedra, a base.]

Tetralogy, te-tral′ō-ji, n. a group of four dramas, three tragic and one satiric, exhibited together at the festivals of Dionysos at Athens: any series of four related dramatic or operatic works.

Tetramera, te-tram′e-ra, n.pl. a division of beetles with four-jointed tarsi.—adj. ', four-parted.—n. ', division into four parts.—adj. , having four parts. [Gr., tetra-, four, meros, part.]

Tetrameter, te-tram′e-tėr, adj. having four measures, each of two iambic or trochaic feet.—n. a verse of four measures. [Gr. tetrametros—tetra-, four, metron, measure.]

Tetrandria, te-tran′dri-a, n. the fourth class of the Linnæan classification of plants, containing those with four stamens in a flower.—adjs. ', '. [Gr., tetra-, four, anēr, andros, a man.]

Tetrao, tet′rā-o, n. the chief genus of the family Tetraonidæ, which also includes quails and partridges. From these the grouse (forming a subfamily, Tetraoninæ) are distinguished. The genus Tetrao is represented by the Capercailzie and the Blackcock or Black Grouse. [L.,—Gr. tetraōn, a pheasant.]

Tetrapetalous, tet-ra-pet′a-lus, adj. (bot.) having four distinct petals or flower-leaves.

Tetraphyllous, tet-ra-fil′us, adj. having four leaves: consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets. [Gr., tetra-, four, phyllon, a leaf.]

Tetrapla, tet′ra-pla, n. a Bible consisting of four different versions in parallel columns, originally the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, containing four Greek versions (those of Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, and the Septuagint). [Gr. tetraplous, fourfold.]

Tetrapod, tet′ra-pod, n. an insect distinguished by having but four perfect legs.—adj. four-footed, with four legs—also '.—n. ', a group of four feet. [Gr., tetra-, four, pous, podos, foot.]

Tetrapolitan, tet-ra-pol′i-tan, adj. pertaining to a  or a group of four towns.—Tetrapolitan Confession, the Confession which the four cities of Strasburg, Constance, Memmingen, and Lindau presented to the Diet of Augsburg (11th July 1530), and, properly speaking, the first Confession of the Reformed Church.

Tetrapterous, te-trap′te-rus, adj. having four wings.—Also . [Gr., tetra-, four, pteron, a wing.]

Tetraptote, tet′rap-tōt, n. a noun with but four cases. [Gr., tetra-, four, ptōsis, a case.]

Tetrarch, tet′rärk, or tē′, n. under the Romans, the ruler of the fourth part of a province: a subordinate prince: the commander of a subdivision of a Greek phalanx.—ns. ', ', office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch: the fourth part of a province. [Gr., tetra-, four, archēs, a ruler.]

Tetrasemic, tet-ra-sē′mik, adj. (pros.) equivalent to four short syllables, as a dactyl, anapæst, or spondee. [Gr., tetra-, four, sēma, a sign.]

Tetraspermous, tet-ra-sper′mus, adj. four-seeded. [Gr., tetra-, four, sperma, seed.]

Tetraspore, tet′ra-spōr, n. a reproductive body, composed of four spores or germs, found in algæ.—adjs. ', '. [Gr., tetra-, four, spora, seed.]

Tetrastich, tet′ra-stik, n. a stanza, &c., of four lines, a quartet.—adjs. ', '. [Gr., tetra-, four, stichos, a row.]

Tetrastyle, tet′ra-stīl, n. a temple or other building having four front columns in its portico: a group of four pillars.—adj. having four pillars. [Gr., tetra-, four, stylos, a column.]

Tetrasyllable, tet′ra-sil-a-bl, n. a word of four syllables.—adjs. ', ', consisting of four syllables.

Tetratheism, tet′ra-thē-izm, n. the belief in four elements in the Godhead—the three persons of the Trinity and a divine essence out of which each of these originates. [Gr., tetra-, four, theos, God.]

Tett, tet, n. (obs.) a plait.

Tetter, tet′ėr, n. a popular name for several eruptive diseases of the skin.—v.t. to affect with such.—adj. . [A.S. teter.]

Tettix, tet′iks, n. a cicada: an ornament for the hair of that shape. [Gr., 'grasshopper.']

Teuch, Teugh, tūh, adj. a Scotch form of tough.

Teucrian, tū′kri-an, adj. relating to the ancient Trojans (Teucri) or to the Troad.—n. a Trojan.

Teuton, tū′ton, n. one of the ancient inhabitants of Germany, esp. of a tribe living north of the Elbe who invaded Gaul, along with the Cimbri, and were cut to pieces by Marius near Aix in 102 B.C.: one belonging to that division of the Aryans including High and Low Germans and Scandinavians.—adj. ', belonging to the race so called, including Germans, Scandinavians, English, &c.: also to their language.—ns. ', ', a Germanism; ', the act of Germanising.—v.t. and v.i. , to Germanise, to adopt German ways.—Teutonic Knights, one of the three military-religious orders of knighthood founded during the period of the Crusades, their distinguishing habiliment a white mantle with a black cross. [L. Teutones—Goth. thiuda, a nation. Cf. Dutch.]

Tew, tū, v.t. to make anything ready, to work up: to beat, mix, pound: to taw, as leather: to scourge, drub.—v.i. to work, to bustle, to potter about.—n. trouble, worry.

Text, tekst, n. the original words of an author: that on which a comment is written: a passage of Scripture on which a sermon is supposed to be based.—ns. ', a book containing the leading principles of a science; ', a large hand in writing—so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in large-hand; ', ', one ready in citing Scripture texts: one who adheres to the text.—adj. ', pertaining to, or contained in, the text: serving for a text.—adv. '.—ns. ', a textualist; ', the authoritative text, esp. of the Bible.—Textus receptus, the received text of the Greek Testament. [L. textus—texĕre, textum, to weave.]

Textile, teks′til, adj. woven: capable of being woven.—n. a woven fabric.—adj. , pertaining to weaving. [L. textilis—texĕre, textum, to weave.]

Texture, teks′tūr, n. anything woven, a web: manner of weaving or connecting: disposition of the parts of a body.—adj. . [L. textura—texĕre.]

Thack, thak, n. a Scotch form of thatch.—Under thack and rape, safely secured under thatch and rope, snug generally.

Thairm, thārm, n. (Scot.) an intestine: catgut, a musical string.

Thalamus, thal′a-mus, n. the receptacle of a flower, the thallus of a fungus: an inner room, nuptial chamber:—pl. '.—adjs. ', pertaining to the optic thalamus, a part of the brain near the origin of the optic nerve; ', having the parts of the flower inserted on the thalamus or receptacle.—n. ', the layer of reproductive cells in the apothecia of lichens:—pl. . [Gr., 'chamber.']

Thalassic, tha-las′ik, adj. pertaining to the smaller seas—opp. to Oceanic: (zool.) pelagic.—ns. ', ', the sovereignty of the seas; ', a student of the phenomena of the ocean.—adj. '.—ns. ', the science of the ocean, oceanography; ', a tide-gauge. [Gr. thalassa, the sea.]

Thaler, tä′lėr, n. a dollar, in Germany a silver coin worth about 3s. [Ger. Cf. Dollar.]

Thalia, thā-lī′a, n. one of the nine muses, who presided over pastoral and comic poetry.—adj. . [Gr. Thaleia, Thalia—thallein, to bloom.]

Thalictrum, thā-lik′trum, n. a genus of perennial herbs of the Crowfoot family, the meadow-rues: a plant of this genus. [Gr. thaliktron—thallein, to bloom.]

Thallium, thal′i-um, n. a metal closely resembling lead in colour and softness, but slightly heavier, first discovered in 1861, and so called from the presence of an intense green line in the spectrum of the flame in which it is volatilised.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. thallos, a green shoot.]

Thallus, thal′us, n. a vegetative body showing little or no differentiation into leaf, stem, and root, and characteristic of the ' or lower Cryptogamia, including algæ, fungi, and lichens.—adjs. ', of the form of a thallus; ', ', pertaining to a thallus.—n. ', a thallophyte.—adjs. ', belonging to the thallogens; ', ', resembling a thallus.—ns. ', a thallus; ', the branched shrub-like thallus of fruticulose lichens. [Gr. thallos, a young shoot.]