Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Papeterie Paternoster

Papeterie, pap-e-trē′, n. a box containing paper, &c., for writing purposes: stationery. [Fr.]

Paphian, pā′fi-an, adj. pertaining to Paphos in Cyprus, sacred to Aphrodite: lascivious.—n. a native of Paphos, a votary of Aphrodite: a whore.

Papier-mâché, pap′yā-mä′shā, n. a material consisting either of paper-pulp or of sheets of paper pasted together, which by a peculiar treatment resembles varnished or lacquered wood in one class of articles made of it, and in another class (chiefly architectural ornaments) somewhat resembles plaster. [Fr. papier—L. papyrus; mâché is pa.p. of Fr. mâcher, to chew—L. masticāre, to masticate.]

Papilionaceous, pa-pil-yo-nā′shus, adj. (bot.) having a flower shaped somewhat like a butterfly, as the bean, pea, &c. [L. papilio, -onis, a butterfly.]

Papilla, pa-pil′a, n. one of the minute elevations on the skin, esp. on the upper surface of the tongue and on the tips of the fingers, and in which the nerves terminate: (bot.) a nipple-like protuberance:—pl. '.—adjs. ', ', like a papilla, provided with papillæ; ', formed into a papilla, studded with papillæ.—v.i. and v.t. to become a papilla, to cover with such.—adjs. ', papillate: bearing one or more fleshy excrescences; ', like a papilla in form.—ns. ', inflammation of the optic papilla; ', a tumour formed by the hypertrophy of one papilla, or of several, including warts, corns, &c.—adjs. '; ', full of papillæ, warty—also '; ', finely papillose.—n. , a very small papilla, a verruca or a variole. [L., a small pustule, dim. of papula.]

Papillote, pap′il-ōt, n. a curl-paper, from its fancied resemblance to a butterfly. [Fr., from papillot, old form of papillon, butterfly—L. papilio.]

Papist, pā′pist, n. an adherent of the Pope: a name slightingly given to a Roman Catholic—(prov.) ', '.—n. ', popery.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to popery, or to the Church of Rome, its doctrines, &c.—adv. '.—n. , popery.

Papoose, pap-ōōs′, n. a N. Amer. Indian infant, usually wrapped up, fixed to a board, and thus carried by its mother or hung up for safety.—Also .

Pappus, pap′us, n. (bot.) the fine hair or down which grows on the seeds of some plants: the first hair on the chin.—adjs. ', bearing a pappus; ', , provided or covered with down. [L. pappus—Gr. pappos, down.]

Papuan, pap′ū-an, adj. pertaining to Papua or New Guinea.—n. an inhabitant of Papua: one of a race of black colour, dolichocephalic, with rough and frizzly hair, inhabiting many of the islands of the Pacific near Australia. [Malay.]

Papulose, pap′ū-lōs, adj. full of pimples—also '.—n. ', a small inflammatory pustule, a pimple:—pl. '.—adj. '.—ns. ', the development of papules; ', a pimple.—adj. , pimply. [L. papula, a pimple.]

Papyrus, pa-pī′rus, n. an Egyptian sedge, now scarcely found there, from the inner pith (byblos) of which the ancients made their paper: a manuscript on papyrus:—pl. '.—adjs. ', ', ', ', pertaining to the papyrus or to papyri: like paper in appearance and consistency; ', resembling paper, as the nests of certain wasps.—n. Papyrograph a hectograph or apparatus for producing copies of a written or printed document.—v.t. to produce by means of such.—adj. '.—n. '. [L.—Gr. papyros, prob. Egyptian.]

Par, pär, n. state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: state or value of bills, shares, &c. when they sell at exactly the price marked on them—i.e. without premium or discount: equality of condition.—v.t. to fix an equality between.—Par of exchange, the value of coin of one country expressed in that of another.—Above par, at a premium, or at more than the nominal value; At par, at exactly the nominal value; Below par, at a discount, or at less than the nominal value; Nominal par, the value with which a bill or share is marked, or by which it is known. [L. par, equal.]

Par, pär, n. Same as Parr.

Para, pa-rä′, n. a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in Turkey and Egypt, the 40th part of a piastre, and worth about 1 &frasl; 18 th of a penny in Turkey and 1 &frasl; 16 th in Egypt.

Parabaptism, par-a-bap′tizm, n. uncanonical baptism.

Parabasis, pa-rab′a-sis, n. the chief of the choral parts in ancient Greek comedy, usually an address from the poet to the public. [Gr., para, beside, basis—bainein, to walk.]

Parabema, par-a-bē′ma, n. in Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture, the chapel of the prothesis or the diaconicon, or sacristy, where divided by walls from the bema or sanctuary:—pl. '.—adj. '.

Parablast, par′a-blast, n. the supplementary or nutritive yolk of a meroblastic egg or metovum—as distinguished from the archiblast, or formative yolk.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, blastos, a germ.]

Parable, par′a-bl, n. a comparison: a fable or story of something which might have happened, told to illustrate some doctrine, or to make some duty clear: (B.) an apologue, proverb (Ps. lxxviii. 2, Hab. ii. 6).—v.t. to represent by a parable.—adjs. ', ', like a parable or a parabola: expressed by a parable: belonging to, or of the form of, a parabola.—adv. . [Gr. parabolē—paraballein, to compare—para, beside, ballein, to throw.]

Parablepsis, par-a-blep′sis, n. false vision.—Also . [Gr. para, beside, blepsis—bleptein, to see.]

Parabola, par-ab′o-la, n. (geom.) a curve or conic section, formed by cutting a cone with a plane parallel to its slope (for illustration, see Cone).—adjs. '; '.—n. , the solid which would be generated by the rotation of a parabola about its principal axis. [Gr. parabolē; cf. Parable.]

Parabolanus, par-a-bō-lā′nus, n. in the early Eastern Church, a lay assistant to the clergy for waiting on the sick. [Gr. parabolos, reckless.]

Parabole, par-ab′o-le, n. (rhet.) a parable, a comparison or similitude. [Gr.; cf. Parable.]

Paracelsian, par-a-sel′si-an, adj. of or relating to the famous Swiss philosopher and physician, Paracelsus (1490-1541), or resembling his theories or practice. The name was coined for himself by Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, and apparently implied a claim to be greater than Celsus.

Paracentesis, par-a-sen-tē′sis, n. (surg.) the perforation of a cavity with a trocar, &c., tapping. [Gr., para, beside, kentein, to pierce.]

Paracentral, par-a-sen′tral, adj. situated next a centrum.—adj. , approaching to the centre or receding from it.

Parachordal, par-a-kōr′dal, adj. (biol.) lying alongside the cranial part of the notochord. [Gr. para, beside, chordē, a chord.]

Parachromatism, par-a-krō′ma-tizm, n. colour-blindness. [Gr. para, beside, chroma, colour.]

Parachronism, par-ak′ron-izm, n. an error in dating an event by which it is made to appear later than it really was. [Gr., para, beside, chronos, time.]

Parachrose, par′a-krōs, adj. (min.) changing colour by exposure to weather. [Gr., para, beside, chroa, colour.]

Parachute, par′a-shōōt, n. an apparatus like an umbrella for descending safely from a balloon.—v.t. and v.i. to descend by means of such.—n. . [Fr., for par' à chute, from Fr. parer—L. parāre, to prepare, chute, a fall—L. cadĕre.]

Paraclete, par′a-klēt, n. the Comforter, Advocate, or Intercessor of John, xiv. 16, 26, 1 John, ii. 1, &c.—the Holy Ghost or Spirit.—ns. ', ', an office-book in the Greek Church containing the troparia of the whole ferial office for the year. [Through L., from Gr. paraklētos—parakalein, para, beside, kalein, to call.]

Paracme, pa-rak′mē, n. (biol.) the decadence of an evolutionary series of organisms after reaching its highest point of development. [Gr. para, beside, akmē, a point.]

Paracolpitis, par-a-kol-pī′tis, n. inflammation of the outer coat of the vagina. [Gr. para, beside, kolpos, the womb.]

Paracorolla, par-a-kō-rol′a, n. (bot.) a crown or appendage of a corolla, usually as a nectary. [Gr. para, beside, L. corolla.]

Paracrostic, par-a-krōs′tik, n. a poem with the first verse containing the initial letters of the others.

Paracusis, par-a-kū′sis, n. disordered hearing. [Gr. para, beside, akousis, hearing.]

Paracyanogen, par-a-sī-an′ō-jen, n. a substance obtained by heating mercury cyanide almost to redness.

Paracyesis, par-a-sī-ē′sis, n. extra-uterine pregnancy.

Paradactylum, par-a-dak′ti-lum, n. the side of a bird's toe. [Gr. para, beside, daktylos, a finger.]

Parade, par-ād′, n. the orderly arrangement of troops for exercise or inspection: a review of troops: the place where such a display takes place: that which is displayed: great or splendid show of any kind: a public walk or promenade.—v.t. to show off: to marshal in military order.—v.i. to march up and down as if for show: to pass in military order: to march in procession. [Fr.—Sp. parada—parar, to halt—L. parāre, -ātum, to prepare.]

Paradigm, par′a-dim, n. an example: model: (gram.) an example of the inflection of a word.—adjs. ', ', consisting of, or resembling, paradigms.—n. ', one who narrates the lives of religious persons by way of examples.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. paradeigma—para, beside, deiknynai, to show.]

Paradise, par′a-dīs, n. a park or pleasure-ground, esp. in ancient Persia: the garden of Eden: heaven: any place of great beauty or state of blissful delights: the happy abode of the righteous in heaven: (slang) the upper gallery in a theatre: (archit.) a small private apartment, a court in front of a church.—adjs. ', ', ', ', pertaining to, or resembling, paradise.—n. ', a Chinese species of Macropid often kept in aquaria for its beauty of form and colouring.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to, suitable to, or resembling paradise; ', , pertaining to paradise.—Bird Of Paradise, an Eastern bird closely allied to the crow, with splendid plumage. [Fr. paradis—L. paradisus—Gr. paradeisos, a park, prob. Persian.]

Parados, par′a-dos, n. earthworks behind a fortified place, protecting against a rear attack.

Paradox, par′a-doks, n. that which is contrary to received opinion, or that which is apparently absurd but really true.—n. '.—adjs. ', ', of the nature of a paradox: inclined to paradoxes, said of persons.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', a genus of trilobites; '; ', the quality of being paradoxical.—Hydrostatic paradox (see Hydrostatics). [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. paradoxon—para, contrary to, doxa, an opinion.]

Paradoxure, par-a-dok′sūr, n. a civet-like carnivore of Southern Asia and Malaysia, the palm-cat of India.—adj. , having a paradoxical or peculiarly curling tail.

Paræsthesia, par-es-thē′si-a, n. abnormal sensation. [Gr. para, beyond, aisthēsis, sensation.]

Paraffin, par′af-fin, n. a white, transparent, crystalline substance, obtained from shale, coal-tar, &c., much used instead of wax, tallow, &c. in making candles—so named as having little affinity—for an alkali—also '.—v.t. to coat or impregnate with paraffin.—ns. ', any of the mineral burning oils associated with the manufacture of paraffin; , unrefined paraffin. [Fr.,—L. parum, little, affinis, allied.]

Paraffle, pa-raf′l, n. (Scot.) any pretentious display.

Paragastric, par-a-gas′trik, adj. lying alongside the gastric cavity: pertaining to the paragaster or the cavity of the sac of a sponge.

Parage, par′āj, n. equality in law: a woman's portion at marriage. [Par.]

Paragenesis, par-a-jen′e-sis, n. hybridism.—adjs. '; ', originating with the germ or at the genesis of an individual. [Gr. para, beside, genesis, birth.]

Parageusia, par-a-gū′si-a, n. perverted sense of taste—also '.—adj. '. [Gr. para, beside, geusis, taste.]

Paraglenal, par-a-glē′nal, n. the coracoid of a fish—also adj. [Gr. para, beside, glēnē, a socket.]

Paraglobulin, par-a-glob′ū-lin, n. a globulin found in blood-serum, fibrino-plastin.—Also .

Paraglossa, par-a-glos′a, n. one of the two appendages of the ligula in insects.—adjs. '; ', provided with paraglossæ. [Gr. para, beside, glōssa, the tongue.]

Paragnathous, par-ag′nā-thus, adj. having both mandibles of equal length.—n. . [Gr. para, beside, gnathos, the jaw.]

Paragoge, par-a-gō′jē, n. the addition of a letter or a syllable to the end of a word, as amidst for amid, generical for generic—also called epithesis and ecstasis, as opposed to prosthesis and apocope.—adjs. ', ', forming a paragoge: relating to, or of the nature of, paragoge: added on: additional.—Paragogic future, the cohortative tense in Hebrew grammar—a lengthened form of the imperfect or future tense, usually confined to the first person, giving the sense of 'let me' or 'let us.' [L.,—Gr. from para, beyond, agein, to lead.]

Paragon, par′a-gon, n. a pattern or model with which comparisons are made: (Spens.) a companion or a rival: something supremely excellent: a size of printing-type intermediate between great-primer and double pica, equal to 20 points in the newer system.—v.t. to compare: to bring into comparison with: (Shak.) to surpass. [O. Fr., from Sp. compound prep. para con, in comparison with—L. pro, for, ad, to, con=cum, with.]

Paragram, par′a-gram, n. a play upon words: a pun.—n. , a punster. [Gr. para, beside, gramma, something written, graphein, to write.]

Paragraph, par′a-graf, n. a distinct part of a discourse or writing marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual distance from the margin: a short passage, or a collection of sentences with unity of purpose.—v.t. to form into paragraphs.—ns. ', ', one who writes in paragraphs, esp. for newspapers.—adjs. ', '.—adv. . [The mark ¶ is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., from Gr. paragraphos—para, beside, graphein, to write.]

Paraheliotropism, par-a-hē-li-ot′rō-pizm, n. the diurnal sleep of plants.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, hēlios, the sun, trepein, to turn.]

Parakeet. See Paroquet.

Paraleipsis, par-a-līp′sis, n. (rhet.) a figure by which one fixes attention on a subject by pretending to neglect it, as, 'I will not speak of his generosity, his gentleness of disposition, or his reverence for sacred things.' [Gr., from paraleipein, to leave on one side—para, beside, leipein, to leave.]

Paralipomena, par-a-li-pom′e-na, n.pl. things passed over, but given in a supplement, specially the name given in the Septuagint to the First and Second Books of Chronicles, a recapitulation of Second Samuel and the Books of Kings. [Late L.,—Gr. paraleipomena—paraleipein, to pass over.]

Parallax, par′a-laks, n. an apparent change in the position of an object caused by change of position in the observer: (astron.) the difference between the apparent and real place of a star or other celestial object.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. parallaxis—para, beside, allassein, to change—allos, another.]

Parallel, par′al-lel, adj. side by side: (geom.) extended in the same direction and equi-distant in all parts: with the same direction or tendency: running in accordance with: resembling in all essential points: like or similar.—n. a line equi-distant from another at all points: a line drawn across a map or round a globe at right angles to the axis, marking latitude: likeness: a comparison: counterpart: (pl.) trenches, dug parallel to the outline of a besieged fortress to protect the besiegers (mil.).—v.t. to place so as to be parallel: to correspond, or to make to correspond, to:—pr.p. or  pa.p.  or —n. ', state of being parallel: resemblance: comparison: likeness of form or meaning, as of two statements, clauses, or verses.—adj. ', of the nature of, or involving, parallelism.—adv. .—Parallel bars, a pair of bars securely fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ feet apart, used in gymnastics to strengthen the arms; Parallel forces, forces which act in parallel lines, having a single resultant, readily found by the method of moments; Parallel motion, a name given to any linkage by which circular motion may be changed into straight-line motion; Parallel rulers, a mathematical instrument for drawing parallel lines. [Fr.,—L. parallelus—Gr. parallēlos—para, beside, allēlōn, of one another—allos, another.]

Parallelepiped, par-al-lel-e-pī′ped, n. a regular solid, the opposite sides and ends of which form three pairs of equal parallelograms.—Also ', improperly ', . [L.,—Gr. parallēlepipedon—parallēlos, epipedon, a plane surface—epi, on, pedon, the ground.]

Parallelogram, par-al-lel′ō-gram, n. a plane four-sided figure, the opposite sides of which are parallel and equal.—adjs. ', ', ', '. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. parallēlos, side by side, gramma, a line—graphein, to write.]

Paralogism, par-al′ō-jizm, n. reasoning beside the point: a conclusion not following from the premises—also '.—v.i. ', to reason falsely. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. paralogismos—para, beside, logismos—logos, discourse.]

Paralyse, par′a-līz, v.t. to strike with paralysis or palsy: to make useless: to deaden the action of: to exhaust.—n. ', a loss of the power of motion, sensation, or function in any part of the body: palsy: loss of energy: state of being crippled.—adj. ', of or pertaining to paralysis: afflicted with or inclined to paralysis.—n. one who is affected with paralysis.—General paralysis, dementia paralytica. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. paralyein, paralysein—para, beside, lyein, loosen.]

Paramagnetic, par-a-mag-net′ik, adj. See under Diamagnetic.

Paramastoid, par-a-mas′toid, adj. situated near the mastoid, paroccipital.—n. a paramastoid process.

Paramatta, par-a-mat′a, n. a fabric like merino made of worsted and cotton. [From Paramatta in New South Wales.]

Paramecium, par-a-mē′si-um, n. an infusorian in pond water or vegetable infusions—also Slipper Animalcule:—pl. . [Gr. paramēkēs, long-shaped, para, beside, mēkos, length.]

Paramenia, par-a-mē′ni-a, n.pl. disordered menstruation. [Gr. para, beside, mēn, a month.]

Paramere, par′a-mēr, n. (biol.) a radiated part or organ: either half of a bi-laterally symmetrical animal—usually Antimere.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, meros, a part.]

Parameter, par-am′ē-tėr, n. (geom.) the constant quantity which enters into the equation of a curve: in conic sections, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate diameter. [Gr. para, beside, metron, measure.]

Paramnesia, par-am-nē′si-a, n. false memory. [Gr. para, beside, mim-nēskein, to remind.]

Paramo, par′a-mō, n. a bare wind-swept elevated plain. [Sp.]

Paramorph, par′a-morf, n. (min.) a pseudomorph formed by a change in molecular structure without change of chemical composition.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', '. [Gr. para, beside, morphē, form.]

Paramount, par′a-mownt, adj. superior to all others: chief: of the highest order or importance—opp. to Paravail.—n. the chief: a superior.—adv. . [O. Fr. par amont, par—L. prep. per; cf. Amount.]

Paramour, par′a-mōōr, n. a lover of either sex, now usually in the illicit sense. [Fr. par amour, by or with love—L. per amorem.]

Paranema, par-a-nē′ma, n. (bot.) paraphysis.—adj. . [Gr. para, about, nēma, a thread.]

Parang, par′ang, n. a heavy Malay knife. [Malay.]

Parangon, pa-rang′gon, n. a jeweller's term for a gem of remarkable excellence. [Fr.]

Paranœa, par-a-nē′a, n. chronic mental derangement—also '.—ns. ', '.—adj. '. [Gr. para, beside, noein, to think.]

Paranthelion, par-an-thē′li-on, n. a diffuse whitish image of the sun, having the same altitude, at an angular distance of about 120°—due to reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. [Gr. para, beside, anti, against, hēlios, the sun.]

Paranucleus, par-a-nū′klē-us, n. (biol.) an accessory nucleus in some protozoans.—adjs. ', '.—n. , a mass of substance extruded from the nucleus, in pollen and spore mother-cells before division.

Paranymph, par′a-nimf, n. a friend of the bridegroom who escorted the bride on the way to her marriage: a bride's-man: one who countenances and supports another. [Gr. para, beside, nymphē, a bride.]

Parapeptone, par-a-pep′tōn, n. a proteid compound formed in gastric digestion, acid albumen.

Parapet, par′a-pet, n. a rampart breast-high, to protect soldiers on a wall from the fire of an enemy: a breast-high wall on a bridge, house-roof, a platform, &c., to prevent persons from falling over.—adj. , having a parapet. [Fr.,—It. parapetto—It. parare, to adorn—L. parāre, to prepare, It. petto—L. pectus, the breast.]

Paraph, par′af, n. a mark or flourish under one's signature.—v.t. to append a paraph to, to sign with initials. [Paragraph.]

Paraphasia, par-a-fā′zi-a, n. a form of aphasia in which one word is substituted for another.

Paraphernalia, par-a-fėr-nāl′i-a, n.pl. ornaments of dress of any kind: trappings: that which a bride brings over and above her dowry: the clothes, jewels, &c. which a wife possesses beyond her dowry in her own right. [Late L. parapherna—Gr., from para, beyond, phernē, a dowry—pherein, to bring.]

Paraphimosis, par-a-fī-mō′sis, n. strangulation of the glans penis by constriction of the prepuce.

Paraphonia, par-a-fō′ni-a, n. in Byzantine music, a melodic progression by consonances (fourths and fifths): an abnormal condition of the voice: an alteration of the voice, as at puberty. [Gr. para, beside, phōnē, the voice.]

Paraphragm, par′a-fram, n. a kind of lateral diaphragm in Crustacea.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, phrassein, to fence.]

Paraphrase, par′a-frāz, n. a saying of the same thing in other words, often more fully and more clearly: an explanation of a passage: a loose or free translation: (Scot.) one of a certain number of Scripture passages turned into verse for use in the service of praise.—v.t. to say the same thing in other words: to render more fully: to interpret or translate freely.—v.i. to make a paraphrase.—n. ', one who paraphrases.—adjs. ', ', of the nature of a paraphrase: more clear and ample than the original passage: free, loose, diffuse.—adv. '.—Paraphrastic conjugation, one composed of the verb sum (am) with participial forms of the verbs conjugated (amaturus sum, &c.). [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. paraphrasis—para, beside, phrasis, a speaking—phrazein, to speak.]

Paraphyllum, par-a-fil′um, n. (bot.) a small foliaceous organ between the leaves of some mosses. [Gr. para, beside, phyllon, a leaf.]

Paraphysis, pa-raf′i-sis, n. an erect sterile filament accompanying the sexual organs of some cryptogamous plants:—pl. .

Paraplegia, par-a-plē′ji-a, n. a form of spinal paralysis in which voluntary motion and sensation are interrupted below the level of the affected part of the spinal cord, while reflex movements may be preserved and certain forms even increased.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. para, beside, plēssein, to strike.]

Parapleurum, par-a-plōō′rum, n. one of the pleura or sternal side-pieces in a beetle, &c.—Also . [Gr. para, beside, pleuron, side.]

Parapodium, par-a-pō′di-um, n. one of the jointless lateral appendages of an annelid:—pl. . [Gr. para, beside, pous, podos, a foot.]

Parapophysis, par-a-pof′i-sis, n. the inferior or anterior process on the side of a vertebra—the superior or posterior one being a diapophysis.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, apophysis, an offshoot.]

Parapsis, pa-rap′sis, n. (entom.) one of the two lateral parts of the mesoscutum of the thorax.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, hapsis, a loop.]

Parapsis, pa-rap′sis, n. a disordered sense of touch.—Also . [Gr. para, beside, hapsis, a touching.]

Parapterum, pa-rap′te-rum, n. (entom.) the third sclerite of each pleuron, or lateral segment of each thoracic somite—the first and second, the episternum, and the epimeron: in birds, the scapular and adjoining feathers of the wing.—adj. . [Gr. para, beside, pteron, a wing.]

Paraquito, par-a-kē′to, n. Same as Paroquet, Parrakeet.

Pararctalia, par-ark-tā′li-a, n. the northern temperate realm of the waters of the globe.—adj. .

Pararthria, pa-rär′thri-ä, n. disordered articulation of speech. [Gr. para, beside, arthron, a joint.]

Parasang, par′a-sang, n. a Persian measure of length, containing 30 stadia, equal to about 3¾ miles. [Gr. parasangēs—Pers. farsang.]

Parascenium, par-a-sē′ni-um, n. in the Greek theatre, one of the wings on either side of the proscenium:—pl. . [Gr.]

Parasceve, par′a-sēv, n. the eve before the Jewish Sabbath when the preparations are made: sometimes applied to Good-Friday: (obs.) preparation.—adj. . [Gr. paraskeuē, preparation—para, beside, skeuē, equipment.]

Paraschematic, par-a-skē-mat′ik, adj. imitative. [Gr. para, beside, schēma, a scheme.]

Paraselene, par-a-se-lē′nē, n. a mock moon, seen in connection with a lunar rainbow (cf. Parahelion):—pl. '.—adj. '. [Gr. para, beside, selēnē, the moon.]

Parasite, par′a-sīt, n. one who frequents another's table: a hanger-on: a sycophant: (bot.) a plant growing upon and nourished by the juices of another: (zool.) an animal which lives on another—its host.—adjs. ', ', like a parasite: fawning: acting as a sycophant: living on other plants or animals.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', that which destroys parasites; '; '; '. [Fr.,—L. parasītus—Gr. parasitos—para, beside, sitos, corn.]

Parasol, par′a-sol, n. a small umbrella used by women as a shade from the sun.—v.t. to shelter from the sun. [Fr.,—It. parasole—parare, to keep off—L. parāre, to prepare, sol, solis, the sun.]

Parasphenoid, par-a-sfē′noid, n. a bone which in some Vertebrata underlies the base of the skull from the basi-occipital to the presphenoidal region.—adj. lying under or alongside the sphenoid.

Parasynthesis, par-a-sin′the-sis, n. the principle of forming words by a combined process of derivation and composition with a particle.—adj. '.—n. ', a word so formed:—pl. .

Parataxis, par-a-tak′sis, n. (gram.) the arrangement of clauses or propositions without connectives. [Gr.]

Parathesis, pa-rath′e-sis, n. (gram.) apposition: (philol.) the setting side by side of things of equivalent grade in the monosyllabic or isolating languages: (rhet.) a parenthetic notice of something to be afterwards explained: in the Eastern Church, a prayer of the bishop over converts or catechumens. [Gr.]

Paratonic, par-a-ton′ik, adj. retarding a plant's growth. [Gr. para, beside, teinein, to stretch.]

Paravail, par′a-vāl, adj. inferior: lowest, said of a feudal tenant: of least account—opp. to Paramount. [O. Fr. par aval, below—L. per, through, ad, to, vallem, a valley.]

Paravant, Paravaunt, par′a-vänt, adv. (Spens.) in front, first, beforehand. [O. Fr. paravant—par, through, avant, before—L. ab, from, ante, before.]

Parbake, pär′bāk, v.t. to bake partially. [Formed on analogy of parboil.]

Parboil, pär′boil, v.t. to boil slightly or in part—as if from part and boil.

Parbreak, pär′brāk, v.t. or v.i. (Spens.) to throw out, to vomit.—n. (Spens.) vomit. [Fr. par—L. per, through, and break.]



Parbuckle, pär′buk'l, n. a purchase made by looping a rope in the middle to aid in rolling casks up or down an incline, or in furling a sail by rolling the yards: a sling made by passing both ends of a rope through its bight.—v.t. to hoist or lower by a parbuckle:—pr.p. pa.p.  [Prob. L. par, equal, and buckle.]

Parcæ, pär′sē, n.pl. the Fates.

Parcel, pär′sel, n. a little part: a portion: a quantity, as of single articles: a number forming a group or a lot: a package.—v.t. to divide into portions:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —n. ' (Shak.), one partly a bawd.—adjs. ' (Tenn.), partially bearded; ', partially gilded.—n. ', a place where parcels are received for despatch and delivery.—Parcels post, that department of the post-office which takes charge of the forwarding and delivery of small parcels. [Fr. parcelle (It. particella)—L. particula, dim. of pars, partis, a part.]

Parcenary, par′se-nā-ri, n. co-heirship.—n. , a co-heir.

Parch, pärch, v.t. to burn slightly: to scorch.—v.i. to be scorched: to become very dry.—adj. Parched, scorched.—adv. '.—n. '. [M. E. parchen, either a variety of per(s)chen=peris(c)hen, to kill, or from perchen, to pierce.]

Parchment, pärch′ment, n. the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on.—Parchment paper, or Vegetable parchment (see Paper).—Virgin parchment, a fine kind of parchment made from the skins of new-born lambs or kids. [Fr. parchemin—L. pergamena (charta, paper)—from Gr. Pergamos.]

Pard, pärd, n. (slang) a partner, mate.

Pard, pärd, n. the panther: the leopard: in poetry, any spotted animal.—n.  (Spens.). [L. pardus—Gr. pardos, the panther, the leopard.]

Pardieu, pär′dū, Pardi, Pardy, adv. (Spens.) in truth: certainly. [Fr., by God—par—L. per, through, by, Dieu—L. deus, God.]

Pardon, pär′don, v.t. to forgive, said either of an offender or of a crime: to pass by without punishment or blame: to set free from punishment: to let off without doing something.—n. forgiveness, either of an offender or of his offence: remission of a penalty or punishment: a warrant declaring a pardon: a papal indulgence.—adj. ', that may be pardoned: excusable.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. ', one who pardons: formerly, one licensed to sell papal indulgences.—p.adj. , disposed to pardon: forgiving: exercising the right or power to pardon: conferring authority to grant pardon.—Pardon me, excuse me—used in apology and to soften a contradiction. [Fr. pardonner—Low L. perdonāre—L. per, through, away, donāre, to give.]

Pardy, pär′di, adv. A form of pardieu.

Pare, pār, v.t. to cut or shave off: to trim, or to remove by cutting: to diminish by littles.—n. , one who, or that which, pares. [Fr. parer—L. parāre, to prepare.]

Paregoric, par-ē-gor′ik, adj. soothing, lessening pain.—n. a medicine that soothes pain: tincture of opium. [L.,—Gr. parēgorikos—parēgorein, to exhort.]

Pareil, par-el′, n. an equal. [Fr.,—L. par, equal.]

Pareira, pa-rā′ra, n. a tonic diuretic drug derived from various South and Central American plants. [Braz.]

Parella, pa-rel′la, n. a crustaceous lichen yielding archil, cudbear, and litmus.—Also . [Fr. parelle.]

Parembole, pa-rem′bō-lē, n. (rhet.) an inserted phrase modifying or explaining the thought of the sentence—closer to the context than a parenthesis. [Gr.]

Parenchyma, pa-reng′ki-mä, n. the soft cellular tissue of glandular and other organs, as the pith in plants or the pulp in fruits.—adjs. ', ', . [Gr., para, beside, engchein, to pour in.]

Parenesis, pa-ren′e-sis, n. persuasion.—adjs. ', ', hortatory. [Gr. parainesis, exhortation, para, beside, ainein, to praise.]

Parent, pār′ent, n. one who begets or brings forth: a father or a mother: one who, or that which, produces: an author: a cause.—n. ', descent from parents: birth: extraction: rank or character derived from one's parents or ancestors: relation of parents to their children.—adj. ', pertaining to, or becoming, parents: affectionate: tender.—adv. '.—ns. ', state of being a parent: duty or feelings of a parent; ', one who kills a parent.—adj. ', without a parent. [Fr., 'kinsman'—L. parens, for pariens, -entis, pr.p. of parĕre, to bring forth.]

Parenthesis, pa-ren′the-sis, n. a word, phrase, or sentence put in or inserted in another which is grammatically complete without it: (pl.) the marks used to mark off a parenthesis:—pl. ' (-sēz).—v.i. '.—adjs. ', ', of the nature of a parenthesis: expressed in a parenthesis: using parentheses.—adv. . [Gr.,—para, beside, en, in, thesis, a placing—tithenai, to place.]

Parergon, pa-rėr′gon, n. a by-work, any work subsidiary to another. [Gr.,—para, beside, ergon, work.]

Paresis, par′e-sis, n. a diminished activity of function—a partial form of paralysis.—adj. . [Gr., parienai, to relax.]

Parfay, pär-fā′, interj. by or in faith. [Fr.]

Parfilage, pär′fi-lāj, n. the unravelling of woven fabrics, to save gold or silver threads. [Fr.]

Parfleche, pär-flesh′, n. rawhide of buffalo-skin stripped of hair and dried on a stretcher: a wallet, tent, &c. of such material. [Canadian Fr.,—Ind.]

Pargasite, pär′ga-sīt, n. a dark-green crystallised variety of amphibole or hornblende.

Parget, pär′jet, n. (Spens.) the plaster of a wall: paint.—v.t. to plaster: to paint.—ns. '; ', . [L. paries, parietis, a wall; or Low L. spargitāre, to sprinkle—L. spargĕre.]

Parhelion, par-hē′li-un, n. a bright light caused by refraction of light through ice crystals floating in the air, sometimes seen near the sun, and sometimes opposite to the sun, when it is called anthelion:—pl. '.—adjs. ', . [Gr. para, beside, hēlios, the sun.]

Pariah, pār′i-a, n. a member of a caste in southern India, lower than the four Brahminical castes: one who has lost his caste: an outcast. [Tamil.]

Parian, pā′ri-an, adj. pertaining to or found in the island of Paros, in the Ægean Sea.—n. an inhabitant of Paros: a fine porcelain for statuettes, resembling marble.—Parian marble, a fine marble found in Paros, much used by the ancients for statues.

Paridigitate, par-i-dij′i-tāt, adj. having an even number of digits.

Parietal, pa-rī′et-al, adj. pertaining to a wall or walls: (anat.) forming the sides: (bot.) growing from the inner lining of an organ, and not from the axis, as seeds in the ovary.—n. one of the bones of the skull. [L. parietalis—paries, parietis, a wall.]

Paring, pār′ing, n. act of trimming or cutting off: that which is pared off: rind: the cutting off of the surface of grass land for tillage.

Paripinnate, par-i-pin′āt, adj. (bot.) equally pinnate.

Parish, par′ish, n. a district under one pastor: an ecclesiastical district having officers of its own and supporting its own poor: the people of a parish.—adj. belonging or relating to a parish: employed or supported by the parish.—n. , one who belongs to or is connected with a parish: a member of a parish church.—Parish clerk, the clerk or recording officer of a parish: the one who leads the responses in the service of the Church of England; Parish priest, a priest who has charge of a parish; Parish register, a book in which the births, marriages, and deaths of a parish are registered. [Fr. paroisse—L. parœcia—Gr. paroikia—paroikos, dwelling beside—para, beside, oikos, a dwelling.]

Parisian, par-iz′i-an, adj. of or pertaining to Paris.—n. a native or resident of Paris:—fem. .—Paris doll, a small figure dressed in the latest fashions, sent out by Paris modistes.

Parisyllabic, par-i-si-lab′ik, adj. having the same number of syllables.

Paritor, par′i-tor, n. Same as Apparitor.

Parity, par′i-ti, n. state of being equal in rank, position, quality, &c.: resemblance: analogy. [Fr. parité—L. paritas—par, equal.]

Park, pärk, n. an enclosed piece of land for a special purpose, as for wild beasts: a grass field: a tract of land surrounding a mansion: a piece of ground enclosed for recreation: (mil.) a space in an encampment occupied by the artillery; hence, a collection of artillery, or stores in an encampment.—v.t. to enclose: to bring together in a body, as artillery.—n. , the keeper of a park. [A.S. pearroc, prob. modified by Fr. parc.]

Parlance, pär′lans, n. speaking: conversation: peculiar manner of conversation.—adj. and adv. ', declamatory in style: in recitative.—v.i. Parle (Shak.), to talk.—n. (Shak.) talk, conversation.—v.i. ', to speak with another: to confer on some important point: to treat with an enemy.—n. talk: a conference with an enemy in war. [Fr. parler—L. parabola—Gr. parabolē, a parable, word.]

Parliament, pär′li-ment, n. a meeting for deliberation: the supreme legislature of Great Britain, also of some of her colonies: in France, down to the Revolution, one of certain superior and final courts of judicature, in which also the edicts of the king were registered before becoming law.—adjs. ', adhering to the Parliament in opposition to Charles I.; ', pertaining to parliament: enacted or done by parliament: according to the rules and practices of legislative bodies.—Parliamentary agent, a person employed by private persons or societies for drafting bills or managing business to be brought before parliament; Parliamentary borough, a borough having the right of sending a member or members to parliament; Parliamentary train, a train which, by act of parliament, runs both ways along a line of railway, at least once each day, at the rate of one penny per mile.—Act of parliament, a statute that has passed through both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and received the formal royal assent. [Fr. parlement—parler, to speak.]

Parlour, pär′lur, n. an ordinary family sitting-room: a room for receiving guests in.—n. , a pupil at a boarding-school who enjoys particular privileges. [Fr., parloir—parler, to speak.]

Parlous, pär′lus, adj. perilous, venturesome, notable.—adv. . [Perilous.]

Parmacety, par-mas-it′i, n. (Shak.) a corr. of spermaceti.

Parmesan, par-me-zan′, adj. pertaining to Parma.—n. Parmesan cheese.

Parnassus, par-nas′us, n. a mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses.—adj. .—Grass of Parnassus, a plant with beautiful white or yellowish flowers.

Parnellism, pär′nel-izm, n. the plans and methods of agitation used by Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91) for the purpose of promoting 'Home Rule' for Ireland.—n. , one of the followers of C. S. Parnell.—adj. of or pertaining to the nationalist movement led by Parnell.

Paroccipital, par-ok-sip′i-tal, adj. situated near the occiput.

Parochial, par-ō′ki-al, adj. of or relating to a parish: restricted or confined within narrow limits—of sentiments, tastes, &c.—v.t. ', to form into parishes.—n. ', a system of local government which makes the parish the unit—hence provincialism, narrowness of view.—adv. .—Parochial Board (in Scotland), the board in each parish which relieves the poor. [L. parochialis—parochia, a variant of parœcia.]

Parody, par′o-di, n. an imitation of a poem in which its words and ideas are so far changed as to produce a ridiculous effect.—v.t. to turn into parody, to make a parody of:—pa.p. —adjs. ', '.—n. , one who writes a parody. [L.,—Gr. parōdia—para, beside, ōdē, an ode.]

Parole, par-ōl′, n. word of mouth: (mil.) word of honour (esp. by a prisoner of war, to fulfil certain conditions): the daily password in a camp or garrison.—adj. given by word of mouth: oral—opp. to Documentary, as parole evidence. [Fr.,—L. parabola, a parable, saying.]

Paronomasia, par-ō-nō-mā′zhi-a, n. a rhetorical figure in which words similar in sound but different in meaning are set in opposition to each other: a play upon words—also '.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', , a paronymous word—opp. to Homonym.—adj. ', formed by a slight change of word or name: derived from the same root: having the same sound, but different in spelling and meaning.—n. ', quality of being paronymous. [Gr. para, beside, onoma, name.]

Paroquet, Parroquet, par′o-ket, n. a small long-tailed tropical and subtropical parrot.—Also . [Fr. perroquet—Pierrot, dim. of Pierre, Peter.]

Parosmia, pa-ros′mi-a, n. a perversion of the sense of smell. [Gr. para, beside, osmē, smell.]

Parotid, par-ot′id, n. the largest of the three pairs of salivary glands, situated immediately in front of the ear—also '.—adj. ', auricular, situated about the outer ear.—ns. ', ', inflammation of the parotic gland. [L.,—Gr. parōtis, -idos—para, beside, ous, ōtos, ear.]

Paroxysm, par′oks-izm, n. a fit of acute pain occurring at intervals: a fit of passion: any sudden violent action.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to, or occurring in, paroxysms. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. paroxysmos—para, beyond, oxys, sharp.]

Paroxytone, par-ok′si-tōn, adj. having the acute accent on the last syllable but one.—n. a word with an acute accent on the second last syllable.—v.t. to accent a word in this way.



Parquet, pär-ket′, n. the part of the floor of a theatre, &c., behind the musicians' seats, but not under the gallery: the pit or the whole of the floor of a theatre: parquetry.—n. , woodwork inlaid with figures, for floors. [Fr. parquet, an inlaid floor, dim. of parc, an enclosure.]

Parr, pär, n. a young salmon.

Parrakeet, par′a-kēt, n. Same as Paroquet.

Parrhesia, pa-rē′si-a, n. boldness of speech. [Gr.]

Parricide, par′ri-sīd, n. the murder of one's own father or mother: the murder of a parent: the murder of any one to whom reverence is due.—adj. , pertaining to, or committing, parricide. [Fr.,—L. parricida (for patri-cida)—pater, patris, father, cædĕre, to slay.]

Parrot, par′rut, n. one of a family of tropical and subtropical birds, with brilliant plumage and a hooked bill, remarkable for their faculty of imitating the human voice: a repeater of the words of others.—v.t. and v.i. to repeat by rote.—ns. ', a kind of coal which crepitates in burning; '; ', a name applied to various fishes, from their colours or the shape of their jaws; ', servile imitation. [Contr. of Fr. perroquet.]

Parry, par′i, v.t. to ward or keep off: to turn aside: to avoid:—pa.t. and pa.p. —n. a turning aside of a blow or a thrust: a defensive movement of any kind. [Fr. parer—L. parāre, to prepare, in Low L. to keep off.]

Parse, pärs, v.t. (gram.) to tell the parts of speech of a sentence and the relations of the various words to each other.—n. . [L. pars (orationis), a part of speech.]

Parsee, Parsi, pär′sē, n. one of the surviving remnant of Zoroastrianism which took refuge in India in the 7th century: a fire-worshipper.—n. . [Pers. Pārsī—Pārs, Persia.]

Parsimony, pär′si-mun-i, n. sparingness in the spending of money: frugality: niggardliness.—adj. ', sparing in the use of money: frugal to excess: niggardly: covetous.—adv. '.—n. . [Fr.,—L. parsimonia, parcimonia—parcĕre, to spare.]

Parsley, pärs′li, n. a bright-green herb, with finely divided, strongly scented leaves, used in cookery. [Fr. persil—L. petroselinum—Gr. petroselinon—petros, a rock, selinon, a kind of parsley.]

Parsnip, Parsnep, pärs′nip, n. an edible plant with a carrot-like root. [O. Fr. pastenaque—L. pastinaca—pastinum, a dibble.]

Parson, pär′sn, n. the priest or incumbent of a parish: a clergyman: one who is licensed to preach.—n. , the residence of the minister of a parish: (orig.) the house, lands, tithes, &c. set apart for the support of the minister of a parish.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to or like a parson. [O. Fr. persone—L. persōna, a person.]

Part, pärt, n. something less than the whole: a portion: a quantity or number making up with others a larger quantity or number: a fraction: a member or essential part of a whole: a proportional quantity: one's share: interest: side or party: action: character taken by an actor in a play: (math.) a quantity which taken a certain number of times will equal a larger quantity: an exact divisor: (mus.) one of the melodies of a harmony: (pl.) qualities: talents.—v.t. to divide: to make into parts: to put or keep asunder.—v.i. to be separated: to be torn asunder: to have a part or share.—adj. ' (Shak.), endowed with parts or abilities: (bot.) deeply cleft, as a leaf.—n. '.—adv. , in part: in some degree.—Part of speech (gram.), one of the various classes of words.—For my part, as far as concerns me; For the most part, commonly; In bad, or ill, part, unfavourably; In good part, favourably; Take part in, to share or to assist in; Take part with, to take one's side. [Fr.,—L. pars, partis.]

Partake, pär-tāk′, v.i. to take or have a part, either absolutely, or with of or in before the thing shared, as food, &c.: to have something of the nature or properties, &c.: to be admitted: (Shak.) to make common cause.—v.t. to have a part in: to share: (Shak.) to communicate:—pr.p. pa.t.  pa.p. —ns. ', one who shares in along with others: a partner: an accomplice; ', a sharing: (law) a combination in an evil design. [Part and take.]

Partan, par′tan, n. (Scot.) a small edible sea-crab. [Gael.]

Parterre, par-ter′, n. an arrangement of flower-plots with spaces of turf or gravel between for walks: the pit of a theatre, esp. beneath the galleries. [Fr.,—L. per terram, along the ground.]

Parthenogenesis, pär-the-nō-jen′e-sis, n. reproduction without renewed impregnation by a male, as in aphids or plant-lice, &c.—also '.—adjs. ', . [Gr. parthenos, a virgin, genesis, production.]

Parthenon, pär′the-non, n. the temple of Athēnē Parthĕnos, on the Acropolis at Athens. [Gr. Parthenōn—parthenos, a virgin.]

Parthian, par′thi-an, adj. of or belonging to Parthia, in Persia.—A Parthian shot, a shot or blow given while pretending to fly, a parting shot.

Partial, pär′shal, adj. relating to a part only: not total or entire: inclined to favour one person or party: having a preference: (bot.) subordinate.—v.t. ' (Shak.), to render partial.—ns. ', the doctrine of the Partialists; ', one who holds that the atonement of Christ was made only for a part of mankind; ', state or quality of being partial: liking for one thing more than for others.—adv. .[Fr.,—Low L. partialis—L. pars, a part.]

Partible, pär′ti-bl, adj. that may be parted: separable.—n. .

Partibus, par′ti-bus, n. in Scots law, a note on the margin of a summons, giving name and designation of the pursuer.—In partibus infidelium, a phrase applying formerly to bishops who were merely titular, without regular jurisdiction, their function to assist some other bishop or to act as delegates of the Pope where no hierarchy had as yet been established.

Participate, pär-tis′i-pāt, v.i. to partake: to have a share.—v.t. to receive a part or share of.—n.  , one who, although not present, helps in any way the commission of a crime, or who after the deed assists or hides the person who did it.—adjs. ', capable of being participated in or shared; ', participating: sharing.—n. a partaker.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', capable of participating.—n. ', one who partakes with another: a sharer. [L. participāre, -ātum—pars, part, capĕre, to take.]

Participle, pär′ti-si-pl, n. a word having the value of an adjective but regularly formed from a verb.—adj. ', having the nature of a participle: formed from a participle.—adv. '.[L.,—participium—particeps—pars, a part, capĕre, to take.]

Particle, pär′ti-kl, n. a little part: a very small portion: (physics) the minutest part into which a body can be divided: an atom: (gram.) an indeclinable word, as a preposition, a conjunction, an interjection: a word that can only be used in composition, as wise in sidewise: (R.C. Church) a crumb of consecrated bread, also the 'smaller breads' used in the communion of the laity.—adj. ', relating to a part of anything: pertaining to a single person or thing: individual: special: worthy of special attention: concerned with or marking things single or distinct: exact: nice in taste: precise.—n. a distinct or minute part: a single point: a single instance: (pl.) details.—n. '.—v.t. ', to mention the particulars of: to enumerate in detail: to give a special description of.—v.i. to mention or attend to single things or minute details.—ns. ', attention to one's own interest or party: a particular or minute description: the doctrine that salvation is offered only to particular individuals, the elect, and not freely to the whole race on condition of faith; ', one who holds the doctrine of particularism.—adj. '.—n. ', quality of being particular: minuteness of detail: a single act or case: a single or a minute circumstance: something peculiar or singular.—adv. ', in an especial manner: in a high degree: (B.) in detail.—n. '.—adj. ', having the form of a small particle.—In particular, specially, distinctly. [Fr.,—L. particula, dim. of pars, partis, a part.]

Partim, part′im, adv. in part. [L.]

Parting, pärt′ing, adj. putting apart: separating: departing: given at parting.—n. the act of parting: a division: a point or a line of division: the division of the hair on the head in dressing it: (geol.) a division of a mineral into layers: a snapping or breaking under a great strain, as of a cable.—n. , a drinking-cup with two handles on opposite sides.

Partisan, pär′ti-zan, n. an adherent of a party or a faction: one who is too strongly devoted to his own party or sect to be able to understand or to judge fairly of others.—adj. adhering to a party.—n. . [Fr. (It. partigiano),—L. partīri.]

Partisan, pär′ti-zan, n. a kind of halberd or long-handled weapon, common in the Middle Ages: a soldier armed with such a weapon. [O. Fr. pertuisane, which is perh. from Old High Ger. parta a battle-axe, seen in halberd.]

Partition, par-tish′un, n. act of parting or dividing: state of being divided: separate part: that which divides: a wall between apartments: the place where separation is made.—v.t. to divide into shares: to divide into parts by walls.—adjs. ', divided into parts: (bot.) parted nearly to the base; ', parting: dividing: distributive.—n. (gram.) a word denoting a part or partition.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. partitio—partīri, divide.]

Partlet, pärt′let, n. a ruff or band worn round the neck or shoulders by women: a hen, from its habit of ruffling the feathers round its neck. [Prob. O. Fr. Pertelote, a woman's name.]

Partner, pärt′nėr, n. a sharer: an associate: one engaged with another in business: one who plays on the same side in a game: one who dances with another: a husband or wife.—v.t. (Shak.) to join as a partner.—ns. ', state of being a partner: a contract between persons engaged in any business; ', one who has money invested in a business, but takes no part in its management.

Partridge, pär′trij, n. a genus of gallinaceous birds preserved for game.—n. , a hard variegated wood, from Brazil and the West Indies, used in cabinet-work. [Fr. perdrix—L. perdix, perdicis—Gr. perdix.]

Part-singing, pärt′-sing-ing, n. act or practice of singing different parts in harmony.—n. , a song sung in parts.

Parture, pärt′ūr, n. (Spens.) departure.

Parturient, pär-tū′ri-ent, adj. bringing, or about to bring, forth young: fruitful.—n. ', act of bringing forth.—adj. '. [L. parturiens, -entis, pr.p. of parturīre—parĕre, to bring forth.]

Party, pär′ti, n. a part of a greater number of persons: a faction: a company met for a particular purpose, as a dinner party, a pleasure party, &c.: an assembly: one concerned in any affair: the person or persons on either side in a law-suit: (colloq.) a single individual spoken of: (mil.) a detachment of soldiers.—adj. belonging to a party and not to the whole: consisting of different parties, parts, or things: (her.) parted or divided.—adjs. ', having on a coat of various colours; ', coloured differently at different parts.—ns. ', devotion to party; ', a jury half of natives and half of aliens; ', a member of a party: a partisan; ', politics viewed from a party stand-point, or arranged to suit the views or interests of a party; ', the unreasonable spirit shown by a party-man toward those who do not belong to his party.—adj. '.—ns. ', a joint verdict; ', a wall between two adjoining properties, built half on one and half on the other: a wall separating one house from another. [O. Fr. partir—L. partīri, to divide—pars, a part.]

Parure, pa-rür′, n. a set of ornaments, &c. [Fr.]

Parvanimity, par-va-nim′i-ti, n. littleness of mind.

Parvenu, pär′ve-nū, n. an upstart: one newly risen into notice or power.—adj. like a parvenu. [Fr., pa.p. of parvenir—L. pervenīre, to arrive at—per, through, venīre, to come.]

Parvis, Parvise, pär′vis, n. a porch, or an enclosed space before a church: a room over a church porch used as a store, or schoolroom, or as an ecclesiastic's chamber. [O. Fr.,—Low L. paravisus, corr. of Gr. paradeisos; cf. Paradise.]

Pas, pä, n. a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, as in 'Pas seul'=a dance by one person, 'Pas deux'=a dance of two persons.—Pas d'armes, a joust, a tilt, or a tourney.—Have the pas of one, to take precedence of him. [Fr.]

Pasch, pask, n. the Jewish Passover: Easter.—adj. ', pertaining to the Passover, or to Easter.—ns. ', a large candle blessed and placed on the altar on the day before Easter; ' (see Pasque); ', the lamb slain and eaten at the Jewish Passover; , an Easter-egg.—Pasch of the Cross, Good-Friday; Paschal controversy, a long dispute in the early church about the proper time for celebrating Easter. [A.S. pascha—L.,—Gr.,—Heb. pesach, the Passover—pasach, to pass over.]

Pascuage, pas′kū-āj, n. the grazing or pasturing of cattle.—adjs. ', '. [L. pascuum, pasture—pascĕre, to feed.]

Pash, pash, v.t. (Shak.) to strike, to dash, to crush.—n. a blow. [Perh. imit.]

Pash, pash, n. (Shak.) the head, the face.

Pasha, Pacha, pash′ä, n. a title given to Turkish officers who are governors of provinces or hold high naval and military commands.—ns. ', ', the jurisdiction of a pasha. [Turk.,—Pers. pāshā, pādshāh.]

Pasigraphy, pa-sig′ra-fi, n. a system of language-signs universally intelligible.—adjs. ', '.—n. , universal speech. [Gr. pas, all, graphein, to write.]

Pasque-flower, pask′-flow′ėr, n. one of several genera of anemone, blooming about Easter—also Campana and Dane-flower.

Pasquin, pas′kwin, n. a lampoon or satire—also '.—v.t. and v.i. to lampoon or satirise—also '.—ns. ', ', ', a lampooner; ', a lampoon.—v.t. to lampoon. [Pasquino, a sarcastic tailor in Rome in the 15th century, near whose house a mutilated statue was dug up just after his death, on which lampoons were posted.]

Pass, pas, v.i. to pace or walk onward: to move from one place or state to another: to travel: to change: to circulate: to be regarded: to go by: to go unheeded or neglected: to elapse, as time: to be finished: to move away: to disappear: (B.) to pass away: to go through an examination or an inspection: to be approved: to meet with acceptance: to happen: to fall, as by inheritance: to flow through: to thrust, as with a sword: to run, as a road.—v.t. to go by, over, beyond, through, &c.: to spend: to omit: to disregard: to surpass: to enact, or to be enacted by: to cause to move: to send: to transfer: to give forth: to cause to go from one person or state to another: to approve: to undergo successfully: to give circulation to: (fencing) to thrust:—pa.p. passed and past.—n. a way through which one passes: a narrow passage, esp. over or through a range of mountains: a narrow defile: a passport: state or condition: a written permission to go out or in anywhere: a ticket: (fencing) a thrust: success in any examination or other test, a certificate of having reached a certain standard—without honours.—adj. ', that may be passed, travelled over, or navigated: that may bear inspection: that may be accepted or allowed to pass: a little above the common: tolerable.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. ', a book that passes between a trader and his customer, in which credit purchases are entered: a bank-book; ', a ticket of admission to a place, or of readmission when one goes out intending to return; ', one who passes; ', one who passes by or near; ', a key enabling one to enter a house: a key for opening several locks.—adj. ', having no pass: impassable.—ns. ', one who gains a degree or pass without honours at a university; ', a warrant of protection and permission to travel; ' (mil.), a private word by which a friend is distinguishable from a stranger, enabling one to pass or enter a camp, &c.—Pass muster, to go through an inspection without fault being found; Pass off, to impose fraudulently, to palm off; Pass on, to go forward: to proceed; Pass on, or upon, to come upon, to happen to: to give judgment or sentence upon: to practise artfully, to impose upon, to palm off; Pass over, or by, to go to the other side of: to cross, to go past without visiting or halting: to overlook, to disregard; Pass the time of day, to exchange any ordinary greeting of civility; Pass through, to undergo, experience.—Bring to pass, to cause to happen; Come to pass, to happen. [O. Fr. passer—It. passare—passus, a step.]

Passade, pa-sād′, n. (Shak.) a push or thrust with a sword: the motion of a horse turning backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground.—Also .

Passage, pas′āj, n. act of passing: a moving from one place or state to another: a journey, as in a ship: course: time occupied in passing: means of passing in or out: a way: entrance: enactment of a law: right of passing: price paid for passing or for being conveyed between two places: occurrence, any incident or episode: a single clause or part of a book, &c.: a modulation in music: (B.) a mountain-pass: ford of a river: (zool.) migratory habits.—v.i. to cross: to walk sideways, of a horse.—Passage of arms, any feat of arms: a quarrel, esp. of words.—Bird of passage, a bird that passes from one climate to another at the change of the seasons.

Passamezzo. See Passy-measure.

Passant, pas′ant, adj. (her.) walking. [Fr.]

Passé, pas-sā′, adj. past one's best, faded, past the heyday of life: nearly out of date:—fem. Passée. [Fr., pa.p. of passer, to pass.]

Passementerie, pas-men-te-rē′, n. trimming for dresses, as beaded lace. [Fr.]

Passenger, pas′en-jėr, n. one who passes: one who travels in some public conveyance.—Passenger pigeon, a species of pigeon, a native of North America, having a small head and short bill, a very long, wedge-shaped tail, and long and pointed wings; Passenger train, a railway-train for the conveyance of passengers. [O. Fr. passagier (Fr. passager), with inserted n, as in messenger, nightingale.]

Passe-partout, pas′-par-tōō′, n. a means of passing anywhere: a master-key: a kind of simple picture-frame, usually of pasteboard, within which the picture is fixed by strips of paper pasted over the edges. [Fr., a 'master-key,' from passer, to pass, par, over, tout, all.]

Passepied, pas′pyā, n. a dance like the minuet, but quicker. [Fr.]

Passeres, pas′e-rez, n.pl. the name given by Cuvier to the order of birds otherwise called Insessores, comprising more than half of all the birds.—adj. , relating to the Passeres, an order of which the sparrow is the type. [L. passer, a sparrow.]

Passible, pas′i-bl, adj. susceptible of suffering, or of impressions from external agents.—ns. ', ', the quality of being passible.—adv. , in a passible manner. [L. passibilis—pati, passus, to suffer.]

Passim, pas′im, adv. here and there. [L.]

Passimeter, pa-sim′e-ter, n. a pocket pedometer.

Passing, pas′ing, adj. going by, through, or away: happening now: surpassing.—adv. exceedingly: very.—ns. ', a bell tolled immediately after a person's death, originally to invite prayers for the soul passing into eternity; ' (mus.), a smaller note marking a tone introduced between two others, to effect a smooth passage from the one to the other, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

Passion, pash′un, n. power of feeling pain or suffering: strong feeling or agitation of mind, esp. rage: ardent love: eager desire: state of the soul when receiving an impression: suffering or passive condition, as opposed to Action: the sufferings, esp. the death, of Christ: (pl.) excited conditions of mind.—ns. ', a genus of climbing herbs or shrubs, the passion-flowers; ', ', a book containing accounts of the sufferings of saints and martyrs.—adjs. ', influenced by passion; ', moved by passion: showing strong and warm feeling: easily moved to anger: intense.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', moved by passion: expressing passion.—ns. ', a flower so called from a fancied resemblance to a crown of thorns, the emblem of Christ's passion; ' (R.C.), one of a religious congregation devoted to the commemoration of the Passion of Christ by missions, &c.—adj. ', free from passion: not easily excited to anger.—n. ', music to which words describing the sufferings and death of Christ are set.—adj. ' (Tenn.), pale with passion.—ns. ', a religious drama representing the sufferings and death of Christ; ', the fifth Sunday in Lent; ', name commonly given in England to Holy-week (as being the week of Christ's passion); but, according to proper rubrical usage, the week preceding Holy-week. [Fr.,—L. passio, passionis—passus, pa.p. of pati, to suffer.]

Passive, pas′iv, adj. suffering, unresisting: not acting: (gram.) expressing the suffering of an action by the subject of the verb.—adv. '.—ns. ', , inactivity: patience: tendency of a body to preserve a given state, either of motion or of rest. [Fr.,—L. passivus—pati, suffer.]

Passman. See Pass.

Passover, pas′ō-vėr, n. annual feast of the Jews, to commemorate the destroying angel passing over the houses of the Israelites when he slew the first-born of the Egyptians.—adj. pertaining to the Passover.

Passy-measure, pas′si-mezh′ūr, n. (Shak.) an old stately kind of dance, called also Passamezzo. [It. passamezzo—passare, to pass—passo—L. passus, a pace, mezzo—L. medius, the middle.]

Past, past, pa.p. of Pass.—adj. gone by: elapsed: ended: now retired from service: in time already passed.—prep. farther than: out of reach of: no longer capable of.—adv. by.—The past, that which has passed, esp. time.

Paste, pāst, n. a mass of anything made soft by wetting: flour and water forming dough for pies, &c.: a cement made of flour, water, &c.: a fine kind of glass for making artificial gems.—v.t. to fasten with paste.—n. , a stiff board made of sheets of paper pasted together, &c.—adj. made of such, unsubstantial. [O. Fr. paste (Fr. pâte)—Late L. pasta—Gr. pastē, a mess of food—pastos, salted—passein, to sprinkle.]

Pastel, pas′tel, n. chalk mixed with other materials and various colours for crayons, a drawing made with such, also the art: woad.—n. .[Fr. pastel—It. pastello—L. pastillus, a small loaf—pascĕre, pastum, to feed.]

Pastern, pas′tėrn, n. the part of a horse's foot from the fetlock to the hoof, where the shackle is fastened. [O. Fr. pasturon (Fr. pâturon)—O. Fr. pasture, pasture, a tether for a horse.]

Pasteurism, pas-tėr′izm, n. the method of inoculation with the attenuated virus of certain diseases, esp. hydrophobia, as introduced by Louis Pasteur (1822-95).—adj. '.—n. ', a method of arresting the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at least 140° F.—v.t. .

Pastiche, pas-tēsh′, n. a mixture of many parts of different kinds, used of music, painting, &c.: a work in literature or art in direct imitation of another's style.—Also . [It. pasticcio.]

Pastil, pas′til, n. Same as Pastel.

Pastille, pas-tēl′, n. a small cone of charcoal and aromatic substances, burned either as incense, or as a means of diffusing an agreeable odour: a small aromatic confection: a paper tube containing a firework which causes a small wheel to rotate in burning: (art) the same as pastel—also '.—n. '.[Fr.,—L. pastillus, a small loaf.]

Pastime, pas′tīm, n. that which serves to pass away the time: amusement: recreation.

Pastor, pas′tur, n. one who has care of a flock: a shepherd: a clergyman.—adj. ', relating to shepherds or to shepherd life: rustic: of or pertaining to the pastor of a church: addressed to the clergy of a diocese by their bishop.—n. a poem which describes the scenery and life of the country: a letter or an address by a pastor to his people, or by a bishop to his clergy: (mus.) a simple melody.—n. ', pastoral character.—adv. '.—ns. ', ', the office of a pastor: the time during which one has been a pastor: the whole body of pastors in one church or district.—adj. ', becoming a pastor.—Pastoral address, or letter (see Pastoral, n.); Pastoral charge, position of a pastor: the church, &c., over which a pastor is placed: an address to a newly ordained minister; Pastoral epistles, those in the New Test. to Timothy and Titus; Pastoral staff, a tall staff borne as an emblem of episcopal authority, headed like a shepherd's crook, or having a T-shaped head; Pastoral theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors; Pastoral work, the work of a pastor in visiting his people. [L., pascĕre, pastum, to feed.]

Pastor, pas′tur, n. a beautiful bird allied to the starlings, native to Western Asia.

Pastorale, pas-tō-rä′le, n. a variety of opera or cantata characterised by the idyllic or pastoral element: a vocal or instrumental piece intended to suggest pastoral life: one of the simple traditional open-air dramas still kept up among the Basques: one of the figures of a quadrille.—Also .

Pastry, pās′tri, n. articles made of paste or dough: crust of pies, tarts, &c.: act or art of making articles of paste.—n. , one who cooks or sells pastry. [Paste.]

Pasture, past′ūr, n. grass for grazing: ground covered with grass for grazing.—v.t. to feed on pasture: to supply with grass.—v.i. to feed on pasture: to graze.—adj. ', that can be pastured: fit for pasture.—ns. ', the business of feeding or grazing cattle: pasture-land: grass for feeding; ', land appropriated to pasture.—adj. ', destitute of pasture. [O. Fr. pasture (Fr. pâture)—L. pastura—pascĕre, pastum, to feed.]

Pasty, pās′ti, adj. like paste.—n. a small pie of meat and crust baked without a dish.

Pat, pat, n. a light, quick blow, as with the hand.—v.t. to strike gently: to tap:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —Pat on the back, to mark approval by patting on the back, to patronise. [Imit.]

Pat, pat, n. a small, moulded lump of butter. [Celt., as Ir. pait, a lump.]

Pat, pat, adj. fitly: at the right time or place.—adv. ', fitly, conveniently.—n. ', fitness, appropriateness. [Pat, a light blow.]

Patagium, pat-ā-jī′um, n. the wing-membrane of a bat, &c.: the parachute of a flying squirrel, &c.: the fold of integument between the upper arm and the forearm of a bird: one of the scales affixed to the pronotum of lepidopterous insects—the tegula. [L., 'a gold edging.']

Patamar, pat′a-mär, n. a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel, and great stem and stern rake.

Patavinity, pat-a-vin′i-ti, n. the style of Padua (L. Patavium), esp. the diction of Livy, a native of Patavium, hence provincialism generally.

Patch, pach, v.t. to mend by putting in a piece: to repair clumsily: to make up of pieces: to make hastily.—n. a piece sewed or put on to mend a defect: anything like a patch: a small piece of ground: a plot: (Shak.) a paltry fellow, a fool—properly a jester: (print.) an overlay to obtain a stronger impression: a small piece of black silk, &c., stuck by ladies on the face, to bring out the complexion by contrast—common in the 17th and 18th centuries.—adj. '.—ns. ', a fancy box for holding the patches worn on the face, generally having a mirror inside the lid; ', one who patches; ' (Shak.), bungling work; ', work formed of patches or pieces sewed together: work patched up or clumsily executed.—adj. ', covered with patches: inharmonious, incongruous.—Not a patch on, not fit to be compared with. [Low Ger. patschen; prob. conn. with piece.]

Patchocke, pach′ok, n. (Spens.) a clown. [Patch.]

Patchouli, pa-chōō′li, n. a perfume got from the dried branches of the patchouli shrub, 2-3 ft. high: the plant itself.—Also . [Tamil, patchei, gum, elei, a leaf.]

Pate, pāt, n. the crown of the head: the head.—adj. , having a pate. [Through O. Fr., from Ger. platte, a plate; cf. Low L. platta, tonsure.]

Pâté, pä-tā′, n. pie: pasty.—Pâté de foie gras, pasty of fat goose liver: Strasburg pie. [Fr.]

Patella, pa-tel′la, n. a little dish or vase: the knee-pan: a genus of gasteropodous univalve molluscs: the limpet.—adjs. ', pertaining to the patella or knee-cap; ' or '; ', of the form of a small dish or saucer. [L., dim. of patina, a pan.]

Paten, pat′en, n. the plate for the bread in the Eucharist. [Fr.,—L. patina, a plate—Gr. patanē.]

Patent, pā′tent, or pat′ent, adj. lying open: conspicuous: public: protected by a patent: (bot.) spreading: expanding.—n. an official document, open, and having the Great Seal of the government attached to it, conferring an exclusive right or privilege, as a title of nobility, or the sole right for a term of years to the proceeds of an invention: something invented and protected by a patent.—v.t. ', to grant or secure by patent.—adj. ', capable of being patented.—ns. ', one who holds a patent, or to whom a patent is granted—also '; ', a kind of leather to which a permanently polished surface is given by a process of japanning; ', one who grants or who secures a patent; ', the exclusive right reserved by letters-patent.—n.pl. ', the register of letters-patent issued in England.—Patent medicine, a medicine sold under the authority of letters-patent, any proprietary medicine generally on which stamp-duty is paid; Patent office, an office for the granting of patents for inventions; Patent outside, or inside, a newspaper printed on the outside or inside only, sold to a publisher who fills the other side with his own material, as local news, &c. [Fr.,—L. patens, -entis, pr.p. of patēre, to lie open.]

Patera, pat′e-rä, n. a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial libation among the Romans: (archit.) the representation of such in bas-relief in friezes, &c.—often applied loosely to rosettes and other flat ornaments:—pl. ' (-rē).—adj. '. [L.,—patēre, to lie open.]

Patercove, pat′ėr-kōv, n. Same as Patrico.

Paterero, pat-e-rā′ro, n.:—pl.  (-rōz). Same as Pederero.

Paterfamilias, pā-tėr-fa-mil′i-as, n. the father or head of a family or household:—pl. . [L. pater, a father, familias, arch. form of familiæ, gen. of familia, a household.]

Paternal, pa-tėr′nal, adj. fatherly: showing the disposition of a father: derived from a father: hereditary.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. , state of being a father: fatherhood: the relation of a father to his children: origination or authorship. [Fr. paternel—Low L. paternalis—L. paternus—pater (Gr. patēr), a father.]

Paternoster, pā′tėr-nos-tėr, or pat-ėr-nos′tėr, n. the Lord's Prayer: every eleventh bead in a R.C. rosary, at which, in telling their beads, the Lord's Prayer is repeated: the whole rosary: anything made of objects strung together like a rosary, esp. a fishing-line with hooks at intervals: (archit.) an ornament shaped like beads, used in astragals, &c. [L. Pater noster, 'Our Father,' the first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin.]