Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/P Paper



the sixteenth letter of our alphabet, its sound the sharp labial mute, interchanging with other labials, esp. with b, the flat labial mute: P=400; ( P )=400,000: the chemical symbol for phosphorus: (math.) the Greek Π=a continued product, while small π denotes the ratio of the circumference to the diameter.—Mind one's p's and q's (see Mind).

Pa, pä, n. papa, a child's name for father.

Pabouche, pa-bōōsh′, n. a slipper.—Also Baboosh.

Pabulum, pab′ū-lum, n. food of any kind, especially that of animals and plants: provender: fuel: nourishment for the mind.—adjs. ', ', of or pertaining to food: fit for food: affording food. [L.,—pascĕre, to feed.]

Paca, pak′a, n. the spotted cavy of South America. [Sp. and Port., the spotted cavy—Braz. pak, paq.]

Pacable, pā′ka-bl, adj. that may be calmed or quieted: willing to forgive.—adj. '.—n. '. [L. pacāre, to make at peace—pax, peace.]

Pace, pās, n. a stride: the space between the feet in walking, 30 inches, a step: gait: rate of walking (of a man or beast): rate of speed in movement or work, often applied to fast living: mode of stepping in horses in which the legs on the same side are lifted together: amble: (obs.) a passage.—v.t. to measure by steps: to cause to progress: to train in walking or stepping.—v.i. to walk: to walk slowly: to amble.—adj. Paced, having a certain pace or gait.—ns. ', one who sets the pace, as in a race; ', one who paces: a horse whose usual gait is a pace.—Keep, or Hold, pace with, to go as fast as: to keep up with. [Fr. pas—L. passus, a step—pandĕre, passum, to stretch.]

Pace, pā′sē, prep. with or by the leave of (expressing disagreement courteously). [L., abl. of pax, peace.]

Pacha, Pachalic. See Pasha, Pashalic.

Pachy-, pak′i-, thick, in combination, as adjs. ', ', having thick digits; ', thick-skinned—n. one of an order of non-ruminant, hoofed mammals, thick-skinned, as the elephant:—pl. ', or '.—adj. ', thick-skinned: insensible to impressions.—n. ', a form of elephantiasis in which the skin becomes thick and warty.—adj. '.—ns. ', a thickening of the blood—also '; ', a genus of fungi consisting of tuber-like growths, some of which are now referred to the genus Polyporus—also Tuckahoe, Tuckahoe truffle, or Indian bread; ', a thickening of the skin.—adj. '.—n. ', an instrument for measuring small thicknesses, as of paper.—adjs. ', with thick teeth; ', with thick ears, as a bat—also n.; ', having thick feet; ', having thick wings or fins.—ns. ', a South American fossil genus of gigantic edentate mammals; ', a genus of locusts, embracing the dreaded Migratory Locust (Pachytylus migratorius). [Gr. pachys, thick.]

Pacify, pas′i-fī, v.t. to make peaceful: to appease: to bring back peace to: to calm; to soothe.—adjs. ', that may be pacified; ', peacemaking: appeasing: peaceful: mild: tranquil.—n. the ocean between Asia and America, so called by its discoverer Magellan because he sailed peacefully over it after weathering Cape Horn.—adj. ', pacific (obs. except in phrase Letters pacifical, letters recommending the bearer as one in peace and fellowship with the church—also Letters of peace, Pacificæ).—adv. '.—v.t. ', to give peace to.—ns. ', the act of making peace, esp. between parties at variance; ', ', a peacemaker.—adj. , tending to make peace. [Fr. pacifier—L. pacificāre—pax, pacis, peace, facĕre, to make.]

Pack, pak, n. a bundle made to be carried on the back: a collection, stock, or store: a bundle of some particular kind or quantity, as of wool, 480 or 240 lb.: the quantity of fish packed: a complete set of cards: a number of animals herding together or kept together for hunting: a number of persons combined for bad purposes: any great number: a large extent of floating and broken ice: a wet sheet for folding round the body to allay inflammation, fever, &c.—v.t. to press together and fasten up: to place in order: to crowd: to assort, bring together, select, or manipulate persons, cards, &c. for some unjust object: to send away, as from one's presence or employment: to surround a joint, &c., with any substance to prevent leaking, &c.—v.i. to store things away anywhere for safe keeping, &c.: to settle into a firm mass: to admit of being put into compact shape: to depart in haste.—ns. ', the act of packing, also something packed: a bundle or bale: a charge made for packing; ', a beast of burden used to carry goods on its back; ' (-sinsh), a wide girth of canvas, &c., having a hook and ring attached for adjusting the load of a pack-animal; ', a cloth in which goods are tied up: packsheet; ', one who packs: one who cures and packs provisions: any device to fill the space between the tubing and the sides of an oil-well, &c.; ', a small package: a ship or vessel employed in carrying packets of letters, passengers, &c.: a vessel plying regularly between one port and another (also ', ', &c.).—v.t. to bind in a packet or parcel: to send in a packet.—ns. ', the day of the departure or arrival of a mail-ship; ' (see Note-paper); ', a horse used to carry goods in panniers: a drudge; ', a collection of large pieces of floating ice; ', the act of putting into packs or of tying up for carriage: material for packing: anything used to fill an empty space, or to make a joint close, as the elastic ring round a moving rod or piston to make it a tight fit; ', ', a box in which goods are packed: a hollow place round the opening of a steam cylinder, filled with some soft substance which, being pressed hard against the piston-rod, makes it a tight fit; ', or Sack-needle, a strong needle for sewing up packages; ', a strong and thick kind of wrapping-paper; ', a press for squeezing goods into small compass for packing; ', or ', coarse cloth for packing goods; ', the load an animal can carry on its back; ', a peddler or a man who carries a pack; ', a mule used for carrying burdens; ', a saddle for packs or burdens; ', a coarse thread used to sew up packages; ', a train of loaded pack-animals; , a narrow path fit for pack-horses.—Pack a jury, meeting, &c., to fill up with persons of a particular kind for one's own purposes.—Send one packing, to dismiss summarily. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. and Ir. pac, Bret. pak, a bundle; cf. Ger. pack, Dut. pak.]

Pack, pak, adj. (Scot.) intimate, confidential.

Packfong, an incorrect form of paktong (q.v.)

Paco, pā′ko, n. same as Alpaca:—pl. .

Pact, pakt, n. that which is agreed on: an agreement: a contract—also '.—adj. '.—Pactum illicitum, an unlawful agreement. [L. pactum—pacisci, pactus, to contract.]

Pad, pad, n. a thief on the high-road (more commonly Footpad): (abbrev. from pad-horse) a horse for riding on the road: an easy-paced horse.—v.i. to walk on foot: to trudge along: to rob on foot:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —adj. ', keeping company with thieves.—n. ', a low lodging-house inhabited by thieves.—Stand pad, to beg by the roadside. [Dut. pad, a path.]

Pad, pad, n. anything stuffed with a soft material, to prevent friction or pressure, or for filling out: a soft saddle, cushion, &c.: a number of sheets of paper or other soft material fastened together for writing upon: the fleshy, thick-skinned under-surface of the toes of many animals, as the fox: a fox's foot generally: the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant: (pl.) thick watered ribbon for watch-guards.—v.t. to stuff with anything soft: to fix colours in cloth:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. —ns. ', a cloth covering a horse's loins; ', one who pads or cushions; ', the soft stuffing of a saddle, &c.: matter of less value introduced into a book or article in order to make it of the length desired: the process of mordanting a fabric; ', a working elephant, distinguished from a war or hunting one; ', a treeless, padded saddle; ', the wooden or metal frame to which harness-pads are attached. [A variant of pod, orig. sig. 'a bag.']

Paddle, pad′l, v.i. to dabble in water with the hands or the feet: to touch or toy with the fingers: to beat the water as with the feet: to row: to move in the water as a duck does: (slang) to make off.—v.t. to move by means of an oar or paddle: to finger, toy with.—n. a short, broad, spoon-shaped oar, used for moving canoes: the blade of an oar: one of the boards at the circumference of a paddle-wheel.—ns. ', one of the large timbers at the side of a paddle-wheel; ', one of the floats on the circumference of a paddle-wheel; ', a wooden box covering the upper part of the paddle-wheel of a steamer; ', one who paddles; ', the axle on which the paddle-wheels of a steamer turn; ', the wheel of a steam-vessel, which by turning in the water causes it to move forward; , the light, strong wood of a Guiana tree of the dogbane family. [For pattle, freq. of pat.]

Paddle, pad′l, n. (B.) a little spade.—n. , a spade for clearing a ploughshare. [Prob. from spaddle; cf. Spade.]

Paddock, pad′uk, n. a toad or frog.—n. , a toadstool. [Dim. of M. E. padde, a toad—Ice. padda.]

Paddock, pad′uk, n. a small park under pasture, immediately adjoining the stables of a domain: a small field in which horses are kept. [A.S. pearroc, a park—sparran (Ger. sperren), to shut.]

Paddy, pad′i, n. rice in the husk.—ns. ', the Java sparrow or rice-bird; ', a field where rice is grown. [East Ind.]

Paddy, pad′i, n. a familiar name for an Irishman, from St Patrick: a drill used in boring wells, with cutters that expand on pressure.—n. , a nurse's word for a slap.

Padella, pa-del′la, n. a shallow vessel filled with fat, in the centre of which a wick has been placed—used in illuminations. [It., a frying-pan.]

Pademelon, pad′ē-mel-on, n. a brush kangaroo or wallaby.—Also ', '.

Padishah, pä′di-sha, n. chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan of Turkey or of the Sovereign of Great Britain as ruler of India. [Pers. pād, master, shāh, king; cf. Pasha.]

Padlock, pad′lok, n. a movable lock with a link turning on a hinge or pivot at one end, to enable it to pass through a staple or other opening, and to be pressed down to catch the bolt at the other end.—v.t. to fasten with a padlock. [Prob. prov. Eng. pad, a basket, and lock.]

Padma, pad′ma, n. the true lotus.

Pad-nag, pad′-nag, n. an ambling nag.

Padre, pä′dre, n. father, a title given to priests in some countries.—n. ', a person who jobs out hand-organs, or who gets children to beg for him:—pl. '. [It. and Sp.,—L. pater, a father.]

Paduan, pad′ū-an, adj. and n. belonging to Padua: one of the clever imitations of old Roman bronze coins made at Padua in the 16th century: a Spanish dance, the pavan.

Paduasoy, pad′ū-a-soi, n. a smooth silk originally manufactured at Padua, used in the 18th century, also a garment of the same. [Fr. soie de Padoue.]

Pæan, pē′an, n. a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and Ares.—n. ', a foot of four syllables, one long, three short.—adj. '. [L.,—Gr. Paian or Paiōn, an epithet of Apollo.]

Pædagogy, Pædagogics, Pædobaptism, Pædobaptist. See Pedagogy, Pedagogics, Pedobaptism, Pedobaptist.

Pænula, pē′nū-la, n. a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen outer garment covering the whole body, worn on journeys and in rainy weather.

Pæonin, pē′ō-nin, n. a red colouring matter obtained from yellow coralline.

Pæony, pē′o-ni, n. Same as Peony.

Paff, paf, n. a meaningless word, used with piff to indicate jargon.

Pagan, pā′gan, n. a heathen: one who does not worship the true God.—adj. heathenish: pertaining to the worship of false gods.—v.t. ', to render pagan or heathen: to convert to paganism.—adj. ', heathenish.—n. , heathenism: the beliefs and practices of the heathen. [L. paganus, a rustic, heathen, because the country-people were later in becoming Christians than the people of the towns—pagus, a district—pangĕre, to fix.]

Page, pāj, n. a boy attending on a person of distinction: a young lad employed as attendant: a contrivance for holding up a woman's skirt in walking.—n. , condition of a page. [Fr. page; acc. to Littré, prob. from Low L. pagensis, a peasant—L. pagus, a village; acc. to Diez, but hardly with probability, through the It. paggio, from Gr. paidion, dim. of pais, paidos, a boy.]

Page, pāj, n. one side of a written or printed leaf—4 pages in a folio sheet, 8 in a quarto, 16 in an octavo, 24 in a duodecimo, 36 in an octodecimo: a book, record, or source of knowledge: the type, illustrations, &c. arranged for printing one side of a leaf: (pl.) writings.—v.t. to number the pages of.—adj. '.—v.t. ', to mark with consecutive numbers, to page.—ns. ', the act of paging a book: the figures and marks that indicate the number of pages; ', the marking or numbering of the pages of a book. [Fr.,—L. pagina, a thing fastened—pangĕre, to fasten.]

Pageant, paj′ant, or pā′-, n. a showy exhibition: a spectacle: a fleeting show: (orig.) a platform on four wheels for the purpose of representing plays, &c.—adj. showy: pompous.—n. , splendid display: pompous spectacle. [M. E. pagent (with excrescent -t), from an older form pagen or pagin—Low L. pagina, a stage—L. pagina, a slab—pangĕre, to fix; cf. Page (2).]

Pagoda, pa-gō′da, n. an idol-house: an Indian idol: its temple: a gold coin formerly current in India, so called because the figure of a pagoda was stamped upon it—also '.—n. ', the mineral which the Chinese carve into figures of pagodas, &c. [Port., a corr. of Pers. but-kadah, an idol-temple.]

Pagode, pa-gōd′, n. a funnel-shaped sleeve worn by both sexes in the first half of the 18th century.

Pagus, pā′gus, n. a country district with scattered hamlets, also its fortified centre: among the early Teutons, a division of the territory larger than a village, like a wapentake or hundred.

Pah, pä, interj. an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust.

Pahlavi. Same as Pehlevi.

Paid, pād, pa.t. and pa.p. of pay.

Paideutics, pā-dū′tiks, n.sing. the science or theory of teaching.—n. , the scientific study of the child. [Gr. paideutikos—paideuein, to teach—pais, paidos, a child.]

Paigle, Pagle, pā′gl, n. (obs.) the cowslip or primrose.

Paik, pāk, n. (Scot.) a beating.

Pail, pāl, n. an open vessel of wood, &c., for holding or carrying liquids.—n. , as much as fills a pail. [O. Fr. paile, paele—L. patella, a pan, dim. of patera—patēre, to be open.]

Paillasse, pa-lyas′, n. a small bed, originally made of chaff or straw: an under mattress of straw.—n. Paillasson a form of straw bonnet. [Fr.,—paille, straw—L. palea, chaff.]

Paillette, pa-lyet′, n. a piece of metal or coloured foil used in enamel-painting: a sponge.—n. Paillon a bright metal backing for enamel, &c. [Fr.]

Pain, pān, n. suffering coming as the punishment of evil-doing: suffering either of body or mind: anguish: great care or trouble taken in doing anything: (pl.) labour: care: trouble: the throes of childbirth.—v.t. to cause suffering to: to distress: to torment: to grieve.—adjs. Pained, showing or expressing pain: (B.) in pain, in labour; ', full of pain: causing pain: requiring labour, pain, or care: (arch.) hard-working, painstaking: distressing: difficult.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. ', without pain.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', one who takes pains or care: a laborious worker.—adj. ', taking pains or care: laborious: diligent.—n. careful labour: diligence.—Under pain of, subject to the penalty of. [Fr. peine—L. pœna, satisfaction—Gr. poinē, penalty.]

Painim, pā′nim. See Paynim.

Paint, pānt, v.t. to cover over with colour: to represent in a coloured picture: to describe in words: to adorn.—v.i. to practise painting: to lay colours on the face, to blush: ('slang') to tipple.—n. a colouring substance: anything fixed with caoutchouc to harden it.—adj. ', that may be painted.—ns. ', a box in which different paints are kept in compartments; ', a platform used by theatrical scene-painters in painting scenery; ', a brush for putting on paint.—adj. ', covered with paint: ornamented with coloured figures: marked with bright colours.—ns. ', ribbon-grass; ', the thistle-butterfly, orange-red spotted with white and black; ', one whose employment is to paint: one skilled in painting; ', lead colic; ', one who paints coats of arms, &c.; '; ', the act or employment of laying on colours: the act of representing objects by colours: a picture: vivid description in words; ' (Dryden), the art of painting: a picture.—adj. ', overloaded with paint, with the colours too glaringly used: smeared with paint.—Paint the town red (U.S.), to break out in a boisterous spree. [O. Fr., pa.p. of Fr. peindre, to paint—L. pingĕre, pictum, to paint.]

Painter, pānt′ėr, n. a rope used to fasten a boat.—Cut the painter, to set adrift; Lazy painter, a small painter for use in fine weather only. [A corr. of M. E. panter, a fowler's noose, through O. Fr. from L. panther, a hunting-net—Gr. panthēros, catching all—pan, neut. of pas, every, thēr, wild beast.]

Pair, pār, v.t. (Spens.) to impair.

Pair, pār, n. two things equal, or suited to each other, or used together: a set of two equal or like things forming one instrument, as a pair of scissors, tongs, &c., a set of like things generally: in building, a flight of stairs: a couple: a man and his wife: two members of a legislative body, holding opposite opinions, who agree with each other to abstain from voting for a certain time, so as to permit one or both to be absent.—v.t. to join in couples.—v.i. to be joined in couples: to fit as a counterpart.—adj. Paired, arranged in pairs: set by twos of a like kind: mated.—ns. ', an agreement between two members of a legislative body holding opposite opinions to refrain from voting, so that both may absent themselves; ', the time when birds go together in pairs; ', three cards of the same denomination, esp. in cribbage.—adv. ', in pairs.—Pair of colours, two flags carried by a regiment, one the national ensign, the other the flag of the regiment; Pair off (see Pairing above). [Fr. paire, a couple—pair, like—L. par, equal.]

Pais, pā, n. the people from whom a jury is drawn.—Matter-in-pais, matter of fact. [O. Fr.]

Paise, pāz, n. (Spens.). Same as Poise.

Paitrick, pā′trik, n. (Scot.) a partridge.

Pajamas. See Pyjamas.

Pajock, pä′jok, n. (Shak.). Same as Peacock.

Paktong, pak′tong, n. the Chinese name for German silver.—Also ', '. [Chin.]

Pal, pal, n. (slang) a partner, mate. [Gipsy.]

Palabra, pa-lä′bra, n. talk, palaver. [Sp., a word.]

Palace, pal′ās, n. the house of a king or a queen: a very large and splendid house: a bishop's official residence.—n. , a sumptuously furnished railway-car. [Fr. palais—L. Palatium, the Roman emperor's residence on the Palatine Hill at Rome.]

Paladin, pal′a-din, n. one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's household: a knight-errant, or paragon of knighthood. [Fr.,—It. paladino—L. palatinus, belonging to the palace. Cf. Palatine.]

Palæarctic, pā-lē-ark′tik, adj. pertaining to the northern part of the Old World.—Palæarctic region, a great division embracing Europe, Africa north of the Atlas, and Asia north of the Himalaya.

Palæichthyology, pā-lē-ik-thī-ol′o-ji, n. the branch of ichthyology which treats of fossil fishes.

Palæobotany, pā-lē-ō-bot′a-ni, n. the science or study of fossil plants.—adj. '.—n. '.

Palæocrystic, pā-lē-ō-kris′tik, adj. consisting of ancient ice.

Palæography, Paleography, pā-lē-og′ra-fi, n. ancient modes of writing: study of ancient writings and modes of writing.—n. ', one skilled in palæography.—adjs. ', ', of or pertaining to palæography.—n. '. [Gr. palaios, ancient, graphein, to write.]

Palæolithic, pā-lē-ō-lith′ik, adj. of or pertaining to the time when early stone implements were used: the first half of the stone age.—n. , a rude stone implement or object of the earlier stone age. [Gr. palaios, ancient, lithos, a stone.]

Palæology, pā-lē-ol′ō-ji, n. a discourse or treatise on antiquities: archæology.—n. , one versed in palæology: a student of antiquity. [Gr. palaios, ancient, logia, discourse.]

Palæontography, pā-lē-on-tog′ra-fi, n. the description of fossil remains.—adj. , pertaining to palæontography. [Gr. palaios, ancient, onta, existences, graphein, to write.]

Palæontology, pā-lē-on-tol′ō-ji, n. the science of the ancient life of the earth: description of fossil remains: archæology.—adj. ', belonging to palæontology.—n. ', one versed in palæontology. [Gr. palaios, ancient, onta, existences, logia, discourse.]

Palæophytology, pā-lē-ō-fī-tol′ō-ji, n. palæobotany.

Palæosaurus, pā-lē-ō-saw′rus, n. a genus of fossil saurian reptiles belonging to the Permian period. [Gr. palaios, ancient, sauros, lizard.]

Palæotherium, pā-lē-ō-thē′ri-um, n. a genus of fossil pachydermatous mammalia in the Eocene beds. [Gr. palaios, ancient, thērion, a wild beast.]

Palæozoic, pā-lē-ō-zō′ik, adj. denoting the lowest division of the fossiliferous rocks, so called because they contain the earliest forms of life. [Gr. palaios, ancient, zoē, life.]

Palæozoology, pā-lē-ō-zō-ol′ō-ji, n. geologic zoology.—adjs. ', '.

Palætiology, pā-lē-ti-ol′ō-ji, n. the science which explains past conditions by the law of causation.—adj. '.—n. '.

Palama, pal′a-ma, n. the webbing of the toes of a bird:—pl. '.—adj. '. [Gr. palamē.]

Palampore, pal′am-pōr, n. a flowered chintz bedcover common in the East.—Also . [Prob. from the Ind. town of Palampūr.]

Palanquin,  Palankeen, pal-an-kēn′, n. a light covered carriage used in India, &c., for a single person, and borne on the shoulders of men. [Hind. palang, a bed—Sans. palyanka, a bed.]

Palapteryx, pal-ap′tėr-iks, n. a genus of fossil birds found in New Zealand, resembling the Apteryx. [Gr. palaios, ancient, and apteryx.]

Palas, pal′as, n. a small bushy Punjab bean, yielding a kind of kino, Butea gum.

Palate, pal′āt, n. the roof of the mouth, consisting of two portions, the hard palate in front and the soft palate behind: taste: relish: mental liking.—v.t. to taste.—adj. ', agreeable to the palate or taste: savoury.—n. ', the quality of being agreeable to the taste.—adv. '.—adj. ', pertaining to the palate: uttered by aid of the palate—also '.—n. a letter pronounced chiefly by aid of the palate, as k, g, e, i.—v.t. ', to make palatal.—adj. .—Cleft palate, a congenital defect of the palate, leaving a longitudinal fissure in the roof of the mouth. [O. Fr. palat—L. palatum.]

Palatial, pa-lā′shi-al, adj. of or pertaining to a palace: resembling a palace: royal: magnificent.

Palatine, pal′a-tin, adj. pertaining to a palace, originally applied to officers of the royal household: possessing royal privileges.—n. a noble invested with royal privileges: a subject of a palatinate.—n. , office or rank of a palatine: province of a palatine, esp. an electorate of the ancient German Empire.—Count palatine, a feudal lord with supreme judicial authority over a province; County palatine, the province of a count palatine. [Fr.,—L. palatinus. Cf. Palace.]

Palaver, pa-lav′ėr, n. talk or conversation, esp. idle talk: talk intended to deceive: a public conference: in Africa, a talk with the natives.—v.i. to use conversation: to flatter: to talk idly.—n. . [Port. palavra—L. parabola, a parable.]

Palay, pa-lā′, n. a small S. Indian tree of the dogbane family, with hard white wood.—Also Ivory-tree.

Pale, pāl, n. a narrow piece of wood driven into the ground for use in enclosing grounds: anything that encloses or fences in: any enclosed field or space: limit: district: a broad stripe from top to bottom of a shield in heraldry.—v.t. to enclose with stakes: to encompass.—n. ', act of strengthening by stakes.—adj. '.—English pale, the district in Ireland within which alone the English had power for centuries after the invasion in 1172. [Fr. pal—L. palus, a stake.]

Pale, pāl, adj. somewhat white in colour: not ruddy or fresh: wan: of a faint lustre, dim: light in colour.—v.t. to make pale.—v.i. to turn pale.—ns. ', a light-coloured pleasant bitter ale; ', an antelope, the oribi.—adj. ' (Shak.), having the eyes dimmed.—n. ', a white person.—adj. ' (Shak.), dispirited.—adv. '.—n. '.—adjs. ' (Shak.), having no colour in the face; , somewhat pale. [Fr.,—L. pallidus, pale.]

Palea, pā′lē-a, n. (bot.) a chaffy bract at the base of the florets in many Compositæ, also one of the inner scales of a grass-flower opposite the flowering glume: the throat-wattle, as in turkeys:—pl. '.—adj. ' (bot.), resembling, consisting of, or furnished with chaff: chaffy. [L. palea, chaff.]

Paleotype, pā′lē-ō-tīp, n. a system of spelling invented by A. J. Ellis, according to which all spoken sounds can be represented by the letters in common use, some of them being used upside down as well as in the usual way, to express varieties of sound.

Pales, pā′lēz, n. an ancient Roman divinity of flocks.—n. , the festival of Pales, held on April 21, the traditional date of the founding of Rome.

Palestinian, pal-es-tin′i-an, adj. pertaining to Palestine.—Palestine soup (see Artichoke).

Palestra, pā-les′tra, n. a wrestling school: the exercise of wrestling: any training school: academic oratory.—adjs. ', ', ', ', pertaining to wrestling: athletic. [L.,—Gr. palaistra—palē, wrestling.]

Paletot, pal′e-tō, n. a loose overcoat. [Fr.]

Palette, pal′et, n. a little oval board on which a painter mixes his colours: the special arrangement of colours for any particular picture: a plate against which a person presses his breast to give force to a drill worked by the hand: a small plate covering a joint in armour.—n. , a thin round-pointed knife for mixing colours on the grinding slab. [Fr.,—It. paletta—pala, spade—L. pala, a spade.]

Palfrey, pal′fri, n. a saddle-horse, esp. for a lady.—adj. , riding on, or supplied with, a palfrey. [Fr. palefroi—Low L. paraveredus, prob. from Gr. para, beside, Low L. veredus, a post-horse—L. vehĕre, to draw, rheda, a carriage.]

Pali, pä′lē, n. the sacred language of the Buddhists of eastern India, closely allied to Sanskrit.

Palillogy, pā-lil′ō-ji, n. a repetition of a word or phrase. [Gr. palillogia—palin, again, legein, to say.]

Palimpsest, pal′imp-sest, n. a manuscript which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been rubbed off to make room for the second: an engraved brass plate, with a new inscription on the reverse side. [Gr. palimpsēston—palin, again, psēstos, rubbed.]

Palinal, pal′i-nal, adj. moving backward. [Gr. palin.]

Palindrome, pal′in-drōm, n. a word, verse, or sentence that reads the same either backward or forward, as Adam's first words to Eve: 'Madam, I'm Adam.'—adjs. ', '.—n. , an inventor of palindromes. [Gr. palindromia—palin, back, dromos, a running.]

Paling, pāl′ing, n. pales collectively: a fence.

Palingenesis, pal-in-jen′e-sis, n. a new birth or a second creation: regeneration: the development of an individual germ in which it repeats that of its ancestors: the recurrence of historical events in the same order in an infinite series of cycles—also ', '.—adj. '.—adv. '. [Gr. palin, again, genesis, birth.]

Palinode, pal′i-nōd, n. a poem retracting a former one: a recantation.—adjs. ', '.—n. , a writer of palinodes. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.,—palin, back, ōdē, song.]

Palisade, pal-i-sād′ n. a fence of pointed pales or stakes firmly fixed in the ground.—v.t. to surround with a palisade.—Also ':—pl. '. [Fr.,—L. palus, a stake.]

Palisander, pal-i-san′dėr, n. rosewood. [Fr.]

Palissée, pal-i-sā′, adj. (her.) battlemented, the indentations pointing both up and down. [Fr.]

Palkee, pal′kē, n. a palanquin.—n. , a wheeled vehicle like a palanquin. [Hind.]

Pall, pawl, n. a cloak or mantle, an outer garment: a chalice-cover: (her.) a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses patté fitché, as in the arms of the see of Canterbury—sometimes reversed: a pallium (q.v.): a curtain or covering: the cloth over a coffin at a funeral: that which brings deep sorrow.—n. , one of the mourners at a funeral who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. pæll, purple cloth—L. palla, a mantle; cf. Pallium, a cloak.]

Pall, pawl, v.i. to become vapid, insipid, or wearisome.—v.t. to make vapid: to dispirit or depress. [W. pallu, to fail, pall, failure.]

Palladian, pa-lā′di-an, adj. in the style of architecture introduced by Andrea Palladio (1518-80), modelled on Vitruvius, its faults a superfluity of pilasters and columns, broken entablatures, and inappropriate ornament.—n. .

Palladium, pal-lā′di-um, n. a statue of Pallas, on the preservation of which the safety of ancient Troy depended: any safeguard: a rare metal in colour and ductility resembling platinum.—adj. '.—v.t. ', to coat with palladium. [L.,—Gr. palladion—Pallas, Pallados, Pallas.]

Pallah, pal′a, n. a small African antelope.

Pallas, pal′as, n. the Greek goddess of wisdom and war—the Roman Minerva.—Also Pallas Athene.

Pallescence, pal-les′ens, n. paleness.

Pallet, pal′et, n. a palette: the tool used by potters for shaping their wares: an instrument for spreading gold-leaf: a tool used in lettering the backs of books: one of the points moved by the pendulum of a clock which check the motion of the escape or balance wheel: a disc in the endless chain of a chain-pump: a ballast-locker in a ship: a valve by which the admission of air from the bellows to an organ-pipe may be regulated from the keyboard: a board for carrying newly moulded bricks. [Palette.]

Pallet, pal′et, n. a mattress, or couch, properly a mattress of straw. [Prov. Fr. paillet, dim. of Fr. paille, straw—L. palea, chaff.]

Pallial, pal′i-al, adj. pertaining to a pallium.—n.  (Shak.), a robe.

Palliasse, pa-lyas′, n. Same as Paillasse.

Palliate, pal′i-āt, v.t. to cover, excuse, extenuate: to soften by pleading something in favour of: to mitigate.—n. ', act of palliating: extenuation: mitigation.—adj. ', serving to extenuate: mitigating.—n. that which lessens pain, disease, &c.—adj. . [L. palliāre, -ātum, to cloak—pallium, a cloak.]

Pallid, pal′id, adj. pale, wan.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [L. pallidus, pale.]

Pallium, pal′i-um, n. a large, square mantle, worn by learned Romans in imitation of the Greeks: an annular white woollen band, embroidered with black crosses, worn by the Pope, and on some occasions by archbishops, to whom it is granted: (ornith.) the mantle:—pl. '.—adj. '. [L.]

Pall-mall, pel-mel′, n. an old game, in which a ball was driven through an iron ring with a mallet: an alley where the game used to be played, hence the street in London.—adv. in pall-mall fashion. [O. Fr. pale-maille—Old It. palamaglio—palla—Old High Ger. pallá (Ger. ball, Eng. ball), and maglio—L. malleus, a hammer.]

Pallometric, pal-o-met′rik, adj. pertaining to the measurement of artificial vibrations in the earth's surface. [Gr. pallein, to shake, metron, a measure.]

Pallone, päl-lō′nā, n. a game like tennis played with a ball, which is struck by the arm covered by a guard. [It.]

Pallor, pal′or, n. quality or state of being pallid or pale: paleness. [L.,—pallēre, to be pale.]

Palm, päm, n. the inner part of the hand: a measure of length equal to the breadth of the hand, or to its length from wrist to finger-tip: a measure of 3 and sometimes of 4 inches: that which covers the palm: the fluke of an anchor: the flattened portion of an antler.—v.t. to stroke with the palm or hand: to conceal in the palm of the hand: (esp. with off, and on, or upon) to impose by fraud.—n. ', the palm: the enlarged proximal joint of the fore tarsus of a bee.—adjs. ', ', relating to the palm of the hand; ', ', shaped like the palm of the hand: (bot.) divided into sections, the midribs of which run to a common centre: entirely webbed, as the feet of a duck.—adv. '.—adjs. ' (bot.), shaped like the hand, with the divisions extending half-way, or slightly more, down the leaf; ', shaped like an open palm; Palmed, having palms. [Fr. paume—L. palma, the palm of the hand; Gr. palamē.]

Palm, päm, n. a tropical, branchless tree of many varieties, bearing at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand: a leaf of this tree borne in token of rejoicing or of victory: (fig.) triumph or victory.—adjs. ', belonging to the order of palm-trees; ', ', worthy of the palm: pre-eminent.—ns. ', palm-oil; ', a place for growing palms; ', a glass house for raising palms and other tropical plants.—adjs. ', producing palm-trees; ', pertaining to, or obtained from, palm-oil.—ns. ', a white fat, usually occurring, when crystallised from ether, in the form of scaly crystals—abundant in palm-oil; ', an oil or fat obtained from the pulp of the fruit of palms, esp. of the oil-palm, allied to the coco-nut palm: (slang) a bribe or tip; ', jaggery; ', the Sunday before Easter, in commemoration of the day on which our Saviour entered Jerusalem, when palm-branches were strewed in His way by the people; ', the fermented sap of certain palms.—adj. ', bearing palms: flourishing: victorious.—Palma Christi, the castor-oil plant. [A.S. from L., as above.]

Palmer, päm′ėr, n. a pilgrim from the Holy Land, distinguished by his carrying a branch of palm: a cheat at cards or dice.—ns. ', any medieval knightly hero, from the Palmerin romances, the original hero Palmerin de Oliva; ' (B.), a hairy worm which wanders like a palmer, devouring leaves, &c.

Palmette, pal′met, n. an ornament, somewhat like a palm-leaf, cut or painted on mouldings, &c. [Fr.]

Palmetto, pal-met′ō, n. a name for several fan-palms, esp. the cabbage-palm of Florida, &c.: a hat made of palmetto-leaves. [Sp.,—L. palma.]

Palmigrade, pal′mi-grād, adj. noting animals that walk on the sole of the foot and not merely on the toes: plantigrade. [L. palma, palm, gradi, to walk.]

Palmiped, pal′mi-pēd, adj. web-footed.—n. a web-footed or swimming bird:—pl.  (-ēz). [L. palma, palm of the hand, pes, pedis, the foot.]

Palmist, pal′mist, or pä′mist, n. one who tells fortunes by the lines and marks of the palm—also ' (or —n. ' (or the practice of telling fortunes by the lines, &c., of the palm.

Palmyra, pal-mī′ra, n. an East Indian palm furnishing the greater part of the palm-wine of India (Toddy).—adj. and n. , pertaining to the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra or Tadmor.

Palolo, pa-lō′lō, n. an edible annelid allied to the lugworm, found near Polynesian coral-reefs.

Palp, palp, n. a jointed sensiferous organ attached in pairs to the labium or maxilla of insects, and thus distinguished from antennæ, which are on the top of the head—also ':—pl. '.—adjs. '; Palped; '; ', bearing palpi; '.—n. , a little palp. [Low L. palpus—L. palpāre, to stroke.]

Palpable, pal′pa-bl, adj. that can be touched or felt: easily perceived or found out, as lies, &c.: looking as if it might be touched or felt: obvious, gross.—ns. ', ', quality of being palpable: obviousness.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to examine by touch.—n. , the act of examining by means of touch. [Fr.,—L. palpabilis—palpāre, -ātum, to touch softly.]

Palpebral, pal′pe-bral, adj. of or pertaining to the eyelids.—adjs. ', having eyebrows; ', having heavy eyebrows. [L. palpebra, the eyelid.]

Palpifer, pal′pi-fėr, n. an outer lobe of the maxilla.—adj. .

Palpitate, pal′pi-tāt, v.i. to move often and quickly: to beat rapidly: to throb: to pulsate.—adj. ' (arch.), palpitating.—n. ', act of palpitating: irregular action of the heart, caused by excitement, excessive exertion, or disease. [L. palpitāre, -ātum, freq. of palpāre. Cf. Palpable.]

Palsgrave, palz′grāv, n. one who has charge of a royal household: one of a special order of nobility, esp. one of the hereditary rulers of the Palatinate:—fem. .

Palstaff, pal′staf, n. an old Celtic and Scandinavian weapon—a wedge of stone or metal fixed by a tongue in a staff. [Dan.,—Ice. pálstafr.]

Palsy, pawl′zi, n. a loss of power or of feeling, more or less complete, in the muscles of the body: paralysis.—v.t. to affect with palsy: to deprive of action or energy: to paralyse:—pa.p. [Fr. paralysie—Gr. paralysis. Cf. Paralysis.]

Palter, pawl′tėr, v.i. to trifle in talk: to use trickery: to dodge: to shuffle: to equivocate.—n. . [Prob. conn. with paltry.]

Paltry, pawl′tri, adj. mean: vile: worthless.—adv. '.—n. '. [Teut.; Dan. pialter, rags, Low Ger. paltrig, ragged.]

Paludal, pal′ū-dal, adj. pertaining to marshes: marshy—also ', ', ', ', '.—n. ', marsh poisoning. [L. palus, paludis, a marsh.]

Paludamentum, pā-lū-da-men′tum, n. a military cloak worn by a Roman Imperator, or by members of his staff.—Also . [L.]

Paly, pā′li, adj. pale: wanting colour: (her.) divided by pales into equal parts.

Pam, pam, n. the knave of clubs at loo.

Pampas, pam′paz, n.pl. vast plains, without trees, in South America, south of the Amazon—north of that river they are called llanos.—n. ', a tall, ornamental, reed-like grass with large thick silvery panicles.—adj. '.

Pamper, pam′pėr, v.t. to feed with fine food: to gratify to the full: to glut.—ns. '; '. [A freq. from pamp, a nasalised form of pap; cf. Low Ger. pampen—pampe, pap.]

Pampero, pam-pā′ro, n. a violent south-west wind which sweeps over the pampas of South America. [Sp.,—pampa, a plain.]

Pamphlet, pam′flet, n. a small book consisting of one or more sheets stitched together, but not bound: a short essay on some interesting subject.—n. ', a writer of pamphlets.—p.adj. ', writing pamphlets.—n. the practice of writing pamphlets. [Ety. dub.; acc. to Skeat, perh. through Fr. from Pamphila, a 1st cent. female writer of epitomes; others suggest Fr. paume, the palm of the hand, and feuillet, a leaf.]

Pamphract, pam′frakt, adj. (rare) protected completely, as by a coat of mail. [Gr. pam, pan, all, phraktos—phrassein, to fence in.]

Pamphysical, pam-fiz′ik-al, adj. pertaining to nature regarded as embracing all things.

Pampiniform, pam-pin′i-form, adj. curling like the tendril of a vine. [L. pampinus, a tendril.]

Pamplegia, pam-plē′ji-a, n. general paralysis. [Gr. pan, all, plēgē, a blow.]

Pan, pan, n. a broad, shallow vessel for domestic use, or for use in the arts or manufactures: anything resembling a pan in shape, as the upper part of the skull: the part of a firelock which holds the priming.—v.t. to treat with the panning process, as earth, or to separate by shaking the auriferous earth with water in a pan: to obtain in any way, to secure: to cook and serve in a pan.—v.i. to yield gold: to appear, as gold, in a pan: to turn out well, according to expectation: to try to find gold with the pan process.—Pan out, to yield or afford, to result; Panned out (U.S.), exhausted, bankrupt.—Flash in the pan, to flash and go out suddenly, not igniting the charge—of the powder in the pan of a flint-lock firearm: to fail after a fitful effort, to give up without accomplishing anything; Hard-pan (see Hard). [A.S. panne—prob. through the Celt., from Low L. panna—L. patina, a basin.]

Pan, pan, n. the Greek god of pastures, flocks, and woods, worshipped in Arcadia, and fond of music—with goat's legs and feet, and sometimes horns and ears.—n.  (see Pandean).

Panacea, pan-a-sē′a, n. a universal medicine: (bot.) the plant Allheal (Valeriana officinalis). [Gr. panakeia—pas, pan, all, akos, cure.]

Panache, pa-nash′, n. a plume of feathers, used as a head-dress. [Fr.]

Panada, pa-nä′da, n. a dish made by boiling bread to a pulp in water, with sweetening and flavour: a batter for forcemeats. [Sp.]

Panæsthesia, pan-es-thē′si-a, n. common sensation, as distinct from special sensations or sense-perceptions.—n. .

Panagia, pa-nā′ji-a, n. an epithet of the Virgin in the Eastern Church: an ornament worn hanging on the breast by Russian bishops—also '.—n. ', a paten on which the loaf is placed, used in the 'elevation of the Panagia.' [Gr., 'all holy,' pas, all, hagios, holy.]

Pan-American, pan-a-mer′i-kan, adj. including all the divisions of America collectively.

Pan-Anglican, pan-ang′gli-kan, adj. representing or including all Christians everywhere who hold the doctrines and polity of the Anglican Church.

Panaritium, pan-a-rish′i-um, n. suppurative inflammation in a finger—same as whitlow.

Panarthritis, pan-är-thrī′tis, n. inflammation involving all the structures of a joint.

Panary, pan′a-ri, adj. of or pertaining to bread.—n. a storehouse for bread: a pantry. [L. panis, bread.]

Panathenæa, pan-ath-ē-nē′a, n.pl. the chief national festival of ancient Athens—the lesser held annually, the greater every fourth year.—adjs. ', '. [Gr.]

Panax, pa-naks′, n. a genus of shrubs with radiately or pinnately compound leaves and small flowers in compound umbels, the ginseng. [Gr., 'all healing.']

Pancake, pan′kāk, n. a thin cake of eggs, flour, sugar, and milk fried in a pan.—n. , thin ice forming in smooth water.—Pancake Tuesday, Shrove Tuesday.

Panch, panch, n. a thick mat made of strands of rope, used in ships in places to prevent chafing.—Also Paunch.

Panchatantra, pan-chä-tänt′rä, n. the oldest extant collection of apologues and stories in Sanskrit literature, arranged in five books.

Pancheon, pan′chon, n. a coarse earthenware pan.—Also . [Pannikin.]

Panclastite, pan-klas′tīt, n. an explosive substance of slightly less strength than dynamite, formed of a preparation of nitrogen and carbon. [Gr. pan, all, klastos, broken, klaein, to break.]

Pancratium, pan-krā′ti-um, n. a contest of boxing and wrestling combined.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', '. [Gr. pan, all, kratos, strength.]

Pancreas, pan′krē-as, n. a conglomerate gland, lying transversely across the posterior wall of the abdomen, secreting the pancreatic juice which pours with the bile into the digestive system.—adj. ', pertaining to the pancreas.—ns. ', the pancreatic juice; , inflammation of the pancreas. [Gr. pas, pan, all, kreas, flesh.]

Pand, pand, n. (Scot.) a narrow curtain over a bed.

Panda, pan′da, n. a remarkable animal in the bear section of Carnivores found in the south-east Himalayas.—Also Chitwah, or Red bear-cat.

Pandanus, pan-dā′nus, n. the screw-pipe, the typical genus of the Pandaneæ. [Malay.]

Pandation, pan-dā′shun, n. a yielding or warping. [L. pandāre, to bend.]

Pandean, pan-dē′an, adj. of or relating to the god Pan.—n. ', or ', a musical instrument composed of reeds of various lengths, said to have been invented by Pan: a syrinx.

Pandect, pan′dekt, n. a treatise containing the whole of any science: (pl.) the digest of Roman or civil law made by command of the Emperor Justinian in the 6th century. [L.,—Gr. pandectes—pas, pan, all, dechesthai, to receive.]

Pandemic, pan-dem′ik, adj. incident to a whole people, epidemic.—n. a pandemic disease.—n. , a widespread disease. [Gr. pandēmios—pas, pan, all, dēmos, the people.]

Pandemonium, pan-dē-mō′ni-um, n. the great hall of evil spirits, described in Paradise Lost: any disorderly assembly, or loud tumultuous noise. [Gr. pas, pan, all, daimōn, a demon.]

Pander, pan′dėr, n. one who procures for another the means of gratifying his passions: a pimp.—v.t. to play the pander for.—v.i. to act as a pander: to minister to the passions.—ns. ', act, employment, or vices of a pander; ', a procuress; ', the employment or practices of a pander.—adjs. ' (Shak.), acting as a pander; . [Pandarus, the pimp in the story of Troilus and Cressida in the versions of Boccaccio (Filostrato), Chaucer, and Shakespeare.]

Pandiculation, pan-dik-ū-lā′shun, n. the act of stretching one's self after sleep, &c.: restlessness before fever, hysteria, &c.: yawning.—adj. , stretched out. [L. pandiculāri, -ātus, to stretch one's self out.]

Pandion, pan-dī′on, n. the genus of ospreys or fishing-hawks. [Gr., the father of Procne, who was changed into a swallow.]

Pandit. Same as Pundit.

Pandora, pan-dō′ra, n. a beautiful woman to whom Jupiter, in order to punish the theft of heavenly fire by Prometheus, gave a box containing all the ills of human life, which, on the box being opened, spread over all the earth. [Gr., pan, all, dōron, a gift.]

Pandore, pan-dōr′, n. a musical instrument of the lute kind with three or four strings—also Bandore.—n. ', a Neapolitan musical instrument with eight metal wires, played with a quill.—adjs. ', ', ', fiddle-shaped. [Gr. pandoura, a 3-stringed instrument, invented by Pan.]

Pandore, pan′dōr, n. an esteemed variety of oysters found near Prestonpans on the Firth of Forth.

Pandour, pan′dōōr, n. a Hungarian foot-soldier in the Austrian service: a robber.—Also . [From Pandur, a village in Hungary.]

Pandowdy, pan-dew′di, n. a pudding baked with bread and apples.

Pandy, pan′di, n. a stroke on the palm as a school punishment.—v.t. to slap. [L. pande, hold out, imper. of pandĕre, to hold out.]

Pane, pān, n. a plate of glass: a square in a pattern: a flat division or side in any kind of work: a slash in a dress, showing an under garment, or for the insertion of a piece of cloth of different colour, &c.: a panel or piece of cloth of a different colour from the rest, esp. in variegated work.—v.t. to insert panes or panels in.—adj. Paned, composed of panes or small squares: variegated. [Fr. pan, a lappet, pane—L. pannus, a cloth, a rag, akin to Gr. pēnos, the woof.]

Panegoism, pan-ē′gō-izm, n. Same as Solipsism (q.v.).

Panegyric, pan-ē-jir′ik, n. an oration or eulogy in praise of some person or event: an encomium.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—n. ', in the Greek Church, a collection of sermons for festivals.—v.t. ', to write or pronounce a panegyric on: to praise highly.—ns. ';  (obs.). [L.,—Gr. panēgyrikos, fit for a national festival—pas, pan, all, agyris (agora), an assembly.]

Paneity, pā-nē′i-ti, n. the state of being bread. [L. panis, bread.]

Panel, pan′el, n. a rectangular piece of any material: (archit.) a flat surface with raised margins, or with a surrounding frame: a thin board on which a picture is painted: (law) a schedule containing the names of those summoned to serve as jurors: the jury: (Scots law) a prisoner at the bar: a frame for carrying a mortar: a rail in a post-and-rail fence.—v.t. to furnish with panels:—pr.p. pa.p. —Also '.—ns. ', the act of stealing articles by means of a sliding panel; ', panel-work; ', a picture painted on a panel; ', a machine for dressing panels and feathering their edges to fit them to the grooves in the stiles; ', a saw for cutting very thin wood; ', a narrow piece of wood or metal for covering a joint between two panels; ', a method of working a coal-mine by dividing it into compartments. [O. Fr.,—Low L. pannellus—L. pannus, a rag.]

Paneulogism, pan-ū′lō-jizm, n. indiscriminate eulogy.

Panful, pan′fool, n. the quantity that a pan will hold:—pl. .

Pang, pang, v.t. (Scot.) to cram, stuff with food.

Pang, pang, n. a violent but not long-continued pain: a sudden and bitter feeling of sorrow: a throe.—v.t. to cause a pang, to torture.—adj. , free from pain. [A form of prong, prob. modified by confusion with Fr. poing, a fist—L. pugnus, the fist.]

Pangenesis, pan-jen′e-sis, n. the theory that every separate part of the whole organisation reproduces itself.—adj. . [Gr. pas, pan, all, genesis, production.]

Pangolin, pang′gō-lin, n. the scaly ant-eater, a name given to the various species of the genus Manis belonging to the mammalian order Edentata. [Malay.]

Pangrammatist, pan-gram′a-tist, n. one who twists all the letters of the alphabet into sentences, as in the following example: 'John P. Brady, give me a black walnut box of quite a small size.'

Pan-handle, pan′-han′dl, n. the handle of a pan: a long narrow strip projecting like this.

Panharmonicon, pan-har-mon′i-kon, n. a mechanical musical instrument of the orchestrion class.—Also Orpheus-harmonica.

Panhellenic, pan-hel-en′ik, adj. pertaining to all Greece.—ns. ', or ', a council representing all the sections of the Greeks; ', a scheme for forming all Greeks into one political body; ', one who favours Panhellenism. [Gr. pas, pan, all, Hellēnikos, Greek—Hellas, Greece.]

Panic, pan′ik, n. extreme or sudden fright: great terror without any visible ground or foundation: a state of terror about investments produced by some startling collapse in credit, impelling men to rush and sell what they possess.—adj. of the nature of a panic: extreme or sudden: imaginary.—adj. ' (coll.), inclined to panic or sudden terror, affected by financial panic.—n. ', one who creates panics.—adjs. ', ', struck with a panic or sudden fear. [Orig. an adj.; Gr. panikon (deima), 'panic' (fear), from panikos, belonging to Pan, god of the woods.]

Panicle, pan′i-kl, n. (bot.) a form of the arrangement of flowers on a stalk, in which the cluster is irregularly branched, as in oats.—n. ', a grass of the genus Panicum.—adjs. ' (bot.), furnished with panicles: arranged in or like panicles; ', ', furnished with, arranged in, or like panicles.—adv. '.—n. ', a large genus of true grasses having the one or two-flowered spikelets in spikes, racemes, or panicles—including the common millet. [L. panicula, double dim. of panus, thread wound on a bobbin, akin to L. pannus and Gr. pēnos. See Pane.]

Panidrosis, pan-i-drō′sis, n. a perspiration over the whole body. [Gr. pas, pan, all, hidrōs, perspiration.]

Panification, pan-i-fi-kā′shun, n. a conversion into bread.—adj. , eating bread.

Panionic, pan-ī-on′ik, adj. pertaining to all the Ionian peoples.

Panisc, pan′isk, n. the god Pan, represented as a satyr.

Panislamic, pan-is-lam′ik, adj. relating to all Islam, or all the Mohammedan races.—n. , the idea of union amongst the Mohammedan races.

Panjandrum, pan-jan′drum, n. an imaginary figure of great power and importance, a burlesque potentate.—Also . [A gibberish word.]

Panlogism, pan′lō-jizm, n. the theory that the universe is an outward manifestation of the Logos.

Panmelodion, pan-mē-lō′di-on, n. a keyboard musical instrument whose tone is produced by wheels rubbing on metal bars.

Panmixia, pan-mik′si-a, n. (biol.) cessation of natural selection, as on a useless organ.

Pannade, pa-nād′, n. the curvet of a horse.

Pannage, pan′āj, n. food picked up by swine in the woods, mast; also the right to this.

Pannel. Same as Panel.

Panniculus, pa-nik′ū-lus, n. a thin, sheet-like investment. [L., dim. of pannus, a cloth.]

Pannier, pan′yėr, or pan′i-ėr, n. a bread-basket: one of two baskets thrown across a horse's back, for carrying light produce to market: (archit.) a corbel: a contrivance for puffing out a woman's dress at the hips: a piece of basket-work for protecting archers, or, when filled with gravel or sand, for forming and protecting dikes, embankments, &c.—adj. , loaded with panniers. [Fr. panier—L. panarium, a bread-basket—panis, bread.]

Pannikel, pan′i-kl, n. the brain-pan: (Spens.) the skull. [Dim. of pan.]

Pannikin, pan′i-kin, n. a small pan or saucer.

Pannose, pan′ōs, adj. (bot.) like felt in texture. [L. pannosus—pannus, cloth.]

Pannus, pan′us, n. an opaque vascular membrane over the cornea: a tent for a wound: a birth-mark on the skin. [L., 'cloth.']

Pannuscorium, pan-us-kō′ri-um, n. a leather-cloth for boots. [L. pannus, cloth, corium, leather.]

Panocha, pa-nō′cha, n. a Mexican coarse sugar.

Panochia, pa-nō′chi-a, n. bubo in the groin or armpit. [Gr. cheia, a hole.]

Panoistic, pan-ō-is′tik, adj. producing ova only—opp. to Meroistic. [Gr. ōon, an egg.]

Panophobia, pan-ō-fō′bi-a, n. a morbid fear of everything. [Gr. pas, pan, all, phobos, fear.]

Panophthalmitis, pan-of-thal-mī′tis, n. suppurative inflammation of the whole eye.

Panoply, pan′ō-pli, n. complete armour: a full suit of armour.—adj. ', dressed in panoply: completely armed.—n. ', one so armed. [Gr. panoplia—pas, pan, all, hopla (pl.), arms.]

Panopticon, pan-op′ti-kon, n. a prison so constructed that all the prisoners can be watched from one point: an exhibition room. [Gr. pas, pan, all, horaein, fut. opsesthai, to see.]

Panorama, pan-ō-rä′ma, n. a wide or complete view: a picture giving views of objects in all directions: a picture representing a number of scenes unrolled and made to pass before the spectator.—adj. . [Gr. pan, all, horama, a view, from horaein, to see.]

Panotitis, pan-ō-tī′tis, n. inflammation in both the middle and internal ear.

Panotype, pan′ō-tīp, n. a picture made by the collodion process.

Panpharmacon, pan-far′ma-kon, n. a universal remedy.

Pan-Presbyterian, pan-pres-bi-tē′ri-an, adj. of or pertaining to the whole body of Presbyterians.—Pan-Presbyterian Council, a council representing all the Presbyterian churches throughout the world.

Pansclerosis, pan-skle-rō′sis, n. complete thickening and hardening of the interstitial tissue of a part.

Panser, pan′sėr, n. an ancient piece of armour for the abdomen. [O. Fr. pansiere—panse, the belly—L. pantex, the belly.]

Pan-Slavic, pan′-slav′ik, adj. pertaining to all the Slavic races.—ns. ', a movement for the amalgamation of all the Slavonic races into one body, with one language, literature, and social polity; ', one who favours Pan-Slavism.—adjs. ', '.

Pansophy, pan′sō-fi, n. a scheme of universal knowledge, esp. that of the educational reformer, John Amos Comenius (1592-1671): the pretence of universal wisdom.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. pas, pan, all, sophia, wisdom.]

Panspermatism, pan-sper′ma-tizm, n. the theory of the widespread diffusion of germs—also '.—n. ', a holder of this.—adj. . [Gr. pas, pan, all, sperma, seed.]

Panstereorama, pan-ster-ē-ō-rä′ma, n. a model showing every part in proportional relief, as of a building. [Gr. pas, pan, all, stereos, solid, horama, a view.]

Pansy, pan′zi, n. a species of violet developed by cultivation into large blossoms of great variety of colour—also Heart's-ease, Love-in-idleness:—pl. '.—adj. '. [Fr. pensée—penser, to think—L. pensāre, to weigh.]

Pant, pant, v.i. to breathe hard and quickly: to show excitement by quickness of breathing: to gasp: to throb: to desire ardently: to heave, as the breast: to bulge and shrink successively, of iron hulls, &c.—v.t. to gasp out: to long for.—ns. Pant, ', rapid breathing: palpitation: longing.—adv. ', in a panting manner: with hard and rapid breathing. [Imit.; or nasalised from pat (v.t.).]

Pantagamy, pan-tag′a-mi, n. a system of communistic marriage, once practised in the Oneida community. [Gr. panta, all, gamos, marriage.]

Pantagogue, pan′ta-gōg, n. a medicine once believed capable of purging away all morbid humours. [Gr. panta, pas, all, agōgos, drawing out—agein, to lead.]

Pantagraph, Pantagraphic, -al. Same as Pantograph, &c.

Pantagruelism, pan-ta-grōō′el-izm, n. the theories and practice of Pantagruel as described by Rabelais (1483-1553)—burlesque ironical buffoonery as a cover for serious satire: empirical medical theory and practice.—adj. '.—ns. ', a magic herb allegorising fortitude, patience, industry; , a cynic who uses the medium of burlesque.

Pantaleon, pan-tal′ē-on, n. a musical instrument invented about 1700 by Pantaleon Hebenstreit, a very large dulcimer.

Pantalets, pan-ta-lets′, n.pl. long frilled drawers, once worn by women and children: a removable kind of ruffle worn at the feet of women's drawers.

Pantaloon, pan-ta-lōōn′, n. in pantomimes, a ridiculous character, a buffoon: (orig.) a ridiculous character in Italian comedy, also a garment worn by him, consisting of breeches and stockings all in one piece: (pl.) a kind of trousers.—n. , buffoonery. [Fr. pantalon—It. pantalone, from Pantaleon (Gr. 'all-lion'), the patron saint of Venice.]

Pantatrophy, pan-tat′ro-fi, n. general atrophy of the whole body.

Pantechnicon, pan-tek′ni-kon, n. a place where every species of workmanship is sold, or where furniture, &c., is stored. [Gr. pas, pan, all, technē, art.]

Panter, pan′tėr, n. (obs.). Same as Panther.

Pantheism, pan′thē-izm, n. the form of monism which identifies mind and matter, making them manifestations of one absolute being: the doctrine that there is no God apart from nature or the universe, everything being considered as part of God, or a manifestation of Him.—n. ', a believer in pantheism.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', one versed in pantheology; , a system of theology embracing all religions and the knowledge of all gods.

Pantheon, pan′thē-on, n. a temple dedicated to all the gods, esp. the round one at Rome, built by Agrippa in 27 B.C.: all the gods of a nation considered as one body: a complete mythology. [L. panthēon—Gr. pantheion (hieron), (a temple) for all gods—pas, pan, all, theos, a god.]

Panther, pan′thėr, n. a fierce, spotted, carnivorous quadruped of Asia and Africa:—fem. . [Fr. panthère—L.,—Gr. panthēr.]

Pantile, pan′tīl, n. a tile with a curved surface, convex or concave with reference to its width: a tile whose cross-section forms a double curve, forming a tegula and imbrex both in one.—adj. dissenting—chapels being often roofed with these.—n. , a system of tiling with pantiles.

Pantisocrasy, pan-ti-sok′ra-si, n. a Utopian community in which all are of equal rank or social position. [Gr. pas, pantos, all, isos, equal, kratein, to rule.]

Pantler, pant′lėr, n. (Shak.) the officer in a great family who had charge of the bread and other provisions. [Fr. panetier—L. panis, bread.]

Pantochronometer, pan-tō-kro-nom′e-tėr, n. a combination of compass, sun-dial, and universal sun-dial.

Pantoffle, pan′tof'l, n. a slipper. [Fr.]

Pantograph, pan′tō-graf, n. an instrument for copying drawings, plans, &c. on the same, or a different, scale from the original.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to, or done by, a pantograph.—n. , general description: entire view: process of copying by means of the pantograph. [Gr. pan, all, graphein, to write.]

Pantology, pan-tol′o-ji, n. universal knowledge: a view of all branches of knowledge: a book of universal information.—adj. '.—n. '. [Gr. pas, pantos, all, logia, description.]

Pantometer, pan-tom′e-tėr, n. an instrument for measuring angles and perpendiculars.—n. .

Pantomime, pan′tō-mīm, n. one who expresses his meaning by action without speaking: a play or an entertainment in dumb show: an entertainment in a theatre, usually about Christmas-time, in which some well-known story is acted, amidst showy scenery, with music and dancing, concluding with buffoonery by conventional characters—the clown, pantaloon, harlequin, and columbine.—adj. representing only by action without words.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—n. ', an actor in a pantomime. [Fr.,—L.—Gr. pantomimos, imitator of all—pas, pantos, all, mimos, an imitator.]

Pantomorph, pan′tō-morf, n. that which exists in all shapes.—adj. .

Panton, pan′ton, n. a horse-shoe for curing a narrow and hoof-bound heel: an idle fellow.

Pantophagy, pan-tof′a-ji, n. morbid hunger for all kinds of food.—n. '.—adj. '. [Gr. panta, all, phagein, to eat.]

Pantoscope, pan′tō-skōp, n. a panoramic camera: a very wide-angled photographic lens.—adj. , giving a wide range of vision.

Pantostomatous, pan-tō-stom′a-tus, adj. ingesting food at any point on the surface of the body.

Pantry, pan′tri, n. a room or closet for provisions and table furnishings, or where plate, knives, &c. are cleaned. [Fr. paneterie, a place where bread is distributed—Low L. panitaria—L. panis, bread.]

Pants, n.pl. (coll.) trousers, abbrev. of pantaloons.

Panurgic, pan-ur′jik, adj. able to do all kinds of work. [Gr. pan, all, ergon, work.]

Panzoism, pan-zō′izm, n. the sum of the elements that make up vital force. [Gr. pas, pan, all, zōē, life.]

Pap, pap, n. soft food for infants: pulp of fruit: nourishment: (slang) the emoluments or perquisites of public office.—v.t. to feed with pap.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', soft food for infants; ', a spoon for infants. [Imit.]

Pap, pap, n. a nipple or teat: a woman's breast: a round conical hill, as the Paps of Jura.

Papa, pa-pä′, or pä′pa, n. father: a bishop: a priest of the Greek Church. [Imit.]

Papacy, pā′pa-si, n. the office of the Pope: the authority of the Pope: popery: the Popes, as a body.—adj. ', belonging to, or relating to, the Pope or to popery: popish.—v.t. ', to make papal.—v.i. to conform to popery.—ns. '; '.—adv. '.—ns. ', extreme fear of the Pope, or the progress of papacy; , papal government. [Low L. papatia—papa, a father.]

Papain, pä′pa-in, n. a nitrogenous body, isolated from the juice of the papaw, one of the digestive ferments applied in some cases of dyspepsia, either internally or for the predigestion of food.

Papaverous, pa-pav′ėr-us, adj. resembling or having the qualities of the poppy.—adj. , of or like the poppy. [L. papaver, the poppy.]

Papaw, pa-paw′, n. the tree Carica papaya, or its fruit, native to South America, but common in the tropics, the trunk, leaves, and fruit yielding papain (q.v.), the leaves forming a powerful anthelmintic: the tree Asimina triloba, or its fruit, native to the United States. [The Malabar native name.]

Paper, pā′pėr, n. the material made from rags or vegetable fibres on which we commonly write and print: a piece of paper: a written or printed document or instrument, note, receipt, bill, bond, deed, &c.: a newspaper: an essay or literary contribution, generally brief: paper-money: paper-hangings for walls: a set of examination questions: free passes of admission to a theatre, &c., also the persons admitted by such.—adj. consisting or made of paper.—v.t. to cover with paper: to fold in paper: to treat in any way by means of paper, as to sand-paper, &c.: to paste the end-papers and fly-leaves at the beginning and end of a book before fitting it into its covers.—ns. ', or ', one who holds a title that is merely official, like that of a Scotch Lord of Session, &c., or whose title is merely by courtesy or convention; ', a box for holding writing materials, &c.; ', the game of hounds and hares, when the hares scatter bits of paper to guide the hounds; ', a cigarette; ', a frame for holding newspapers, sheets of music, &c., for easy reference; ', or Letter-clip, an appliance with opening and closing spring, for holding papers together; ', a fabric prepared in many of the Pacific islands from the inner bark of the mulberry, &c.; , credit given to a person because he shows by bills, promissory notes, &c. that money is owing to him; ', a machine for cutting paper in sheets, for trimming the edges of books, &c.; ', one of certain days in each term for hearing causes down in the paper or roll of business; ', an enamel for cards and fine note-paper.—adj. ' (Shak.), having a face as white as paper.—ns. ', an apparatus for delivering sheets of paper to a printing-press, &c.; ', an appliance for holding letters, &c., for safety and readiness of reference; ', a rule for measuring the type-face of matter to be printed, and the width of the margin; ', one who hangs paper on the walls of rooms, &c.—n.pl. ', paper, either plain or with coloured figures, for hanging on or covering walls.—ns. ', the operation of covering or hanging with paper: the paper itself; ', ', ', a thin, flat blade of ivory, &c., for cutting open the leaves of books and other folded papers; ', one who manufactures paper; '; ', one engaged in marbling paper; ', a mill where paper is made; ', pieces of paper stamped or marked by government or by a bank, as representing a certain value of money, which pass from hand to hand instead of the coin itself; ', a glazed muslin for dress linings, &c.; ', or ', the nautilus; ', an office in Whitehall where state-papers are kept; ', the pulp from which paper is made; ', an apparatus for piercing holes in paper; ' (B.), the papyrus; ', one who, or an instrument which, makes straight lines on paper; ', one who prepares paper-hangings; ', a machine for testing the stretching strength of paper; ' (phot.), water in which prints have been washed; ', a small weight for laying on a bundle of loose papers to prevent them from being displaced.—adj. , like paper.—Bristol paper or board, a strong smooth paper for drawing on; Brown-paper (see Brown); Chinese paper, rice-paper: a fine soft slightly brownish paper made from bamboo bark, giving fine impressions from engravings; Cream-laid paper, a smooth paper of creamy colour, much used for note-paper; Distinctive paper, a fine silk-threaded fibre paper used in the United States for bonds, &c.; Filter-paper (see Filter); Hand-made paper, that made wholly by hand, as still with some kinds of printing and drawing papers; Height-to-paper, in typefounding, the length of a type from its face to its foot ( 11 &frasl; 12 inch); Hot-pressed paper, paper polished by pressure between heated plates; Imperfect paper, sheets of poorer quality, as the two outside quires of a ream; India paper (see Indian); Japanese paper, a soft fine paper made from the bark of the paper-mulberry, giving good impressions of plate engravings; Lithographic paper, paper used for taking impressions from lithographic stones; Litmus paper (see Litmus); Marbled paper (see Marble); Parchment paper, a tough paper, prepared in imitation of parchment by dipping in diluted sulphuric acid and washing with weak ammonia; Plain paper, unruled paper: (phot.) any unglossy paper; Plate paper, the best class of book paper; Printing paper (see Print); Rag-paper, that made from the pulp of rags; Ruled paper, writing-paper ruled with lines for convenience; Sensitised paper (phot.), paper chemically treated so that its colour is affected by the action of light; State-paper (see State); Test-paper (see Test); Tissue-paper, a very thin soft paper for wrapping delicate articles, protecting engravings in books, &c.—also Silk-paper; Tracing-paper, transparent paper used for copying a design, &c., by laying it over the original, and copying the lines shown through it; Transfer-paper (see Transfer); Vellum paper, a heavy ungrained smooth paper, sometimes used in fine printing; Whatman paper, a fine quality of English paper, with fine or coarse grain, used for etchings, engravings, &c.; Wove paper, paper laid on flannel or felt, showing no marks of wires; Wrapping-paper, coarse paper used for wrapping up parcels, &c. [A shortened form of papyrus.]