Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Oneyer Outquench

Oneyer, wun′yėr, n. (1 Hen. IV., II. i. 84) probably a person that converses with great ones—hardly, as Malone explains, an accountant of the exchequer, a banker. [No doubt formed from one, like lawyer, sawyer, &c. Malone over-ingeniously refers to the mark o.ni., an abbreviation of the Latin form oneretur, nisi habeat sufficientem exonerationem ('let him be charged unless he have a sufficient discharge'), or explains as a misprint for moneyer.]

Ongoing, on′gō-ing, n. a going on: course of conduct: event: (pl.) proceedings, behaviour.

Onicolo, ō-nik′ō-lō, n. a variety of onyx for cameos, a bluish-white band on the dark ground. [It.]

Onion, un′yun, n. the name given to a few species of genus Allium, esp. Allium cepa, an edible biennial bulbous root.—adj. ' (Shak.), having the eyes full of tears.—n. ', a very thin variety of paper.—adj. . [Fr. oignon—L. unio, -onis—unus, one.]

Onlooker, on′lōōk-ėr, n. a looker on, observer.—adj. .

Only, ōn′li, adj. single in number or kind: this above all others: alone.—adv. in one manner: for one purpose: singly: merely: barely: entirely.—conj. but: except that.—n. . [A.S. ánlíc (adj.)—án, one, líc, like.]

Onocentaur, on-o-sen′tawr, n. a kind of centaur, half-man, half-ass.

Onoclea, on-ō-klē′a, n. a genus of aspidioid ferns, with contracted fertile fronds. [Gr. onos, a vessel, kleiein, to close.]

Onology, ō-nol′ō-ji, n. foolish talk.

Onomantic, on-ō-man′tik, adj. pertaining to ' or (obs.) ', divination by names. [Gr. onoma, a name, manteia, divination.]

Onomastic, on-ō-mas′tik, adj. pertaining to a name, esp. pertaining to the signature to a paper written in another hand.—n. , a list of words: a vocabulary. [Gr., from onoma, a name.]

Onomatology, on-ō-ma-tol′o-ji, n. the science of, or a treatise on, the derivation of names.—n. , one versed in such. [Gr. onoma, onomatos, name, logia—legein, to discourse.]

Onomatopœia, on-ō-mat-o-pē′ya, n. the formation of a word so as to resemble the sound of the thing of which it is the name: such a word itself, also the use of such a word, as 'click,' 'cuckoo'—also ', or '.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. onoma, -atos, a name, poiein, to make.]

Onset, on′set, n. violent attack: assault: storming. [On and set.]

Onshore, on′shōr, adj. toward the land.

Onslaught, on′slawt, n. an attack or onset: assault. [A.S. on, on, sleaht, a stroke.]

Onst, wunst, adv. a vulgar form of once.

Onstead, on′sted, n. (Scot.) a farmstead, the farm buildings. [M. E. wone—A.S. wunian, to dwell, stead, place.]

Ontogenesis, on-tō-jen′e-sis, n. the history of the individual development of an organised being as distinguished from phylogenesis and biogenesis—also '.—adjs. ', ', '.—adv. . [Gr. onta, things being, neut. pl. of ōn, pr.p. of einai, to be, genesis, generation.]

Ontology, on-tol′o-ji, n. the science that treats of the principles of pure being: that part of metaphysics which treats of the nature and essence of things.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—n. ', one versed in ontology. [Gr. ōn, ontos, being pr.p. of einai, to be, logia—legein, to discourse.]

Onus, ō′nus, n. burden: responsibility.—Onus probandī, the burden of proving. [L. onus, burden.]

Onward, on′ward, adj. going on: advancing: advanced.—adv. (also ) toward a point on or in front: forward.

Onym, on′im, n. (zool.) the technical name of a species or other group.—adjs. ', '.—v.i. '.—n. ', the use of onyms.

Onyx, on′iks, n. (min.) an agate formed of layers of chalcedony of different colours, used for making cameos.—ns. ', suppurative inflammation near the finger-nail; ', inflammation of the soft parts about the nail; ', a little claw; ', divination by means of the finger-nails; ', disease of the nails.—adj. ', affected with such.—n. , disease of the nails. [L.,—Gr. onyx, onychos, a finger-nail.]

Oodles, ōō′dlz, n. (U.S.) abundance.—Also .

Oof, ōōf, n. (slang) money.

Oögenesis, ō-ō-jen′e-sis, n. the genesis and development of the ovum—also '.—adj. '.

Oöidal, ō-oi′dal, adj. egg-shaped.

Oölite, ō′o-līt, n. (geol.) a kind of limestone, composed of grains like the eggs or roe of a fish.—adjs. '; '. [Gr. ōon, an egg, lithos, stone.]

Oölogy, ō-ol′o-ji, n. the science or study of birds' eggs.—n. ', a mechanical device for drawing the outline of a bird's egg.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—ns. ', one versed in oology; ', an apparatus for measuring eggs.—adj. '.—n. ', the measurement of eggs. [Gr. ōon, an egg.]

Oolong, ōō′long, n. a variety of black tea, with the flavour of green.—Also .

Oorie, Ourie, ōō′ri, adj. (Scot.) feeling cold or chill, shivering.

Ooze, ōōz, n. soft mud: gentle flow, as of water through sand or earth: a kind of mud in the bottom of the ocean: the liquor of a tan vat.—v.i. to flow gently: to percolate, as a liquid through pores or small openings.—adj. , resembling ooze: slimy. [M. E. wose—A.S. wase, mud; akin to A.S. wos, juice, Ice. vas, moisture.]

Opacity, ō-pas′i-ti, n. opaqueness: obscurity.

Opacous, ō-pā′kus, adj. Same as Opaque.

Opah, ō′pa, n. a sea-fish of the Dory family—also called Kingfish.

Opal, ō′pal, n. a precious stone of a milky hue, remarkable for its changing colours.—n. '.—adjs. ', reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; ', relating to, or like, opal.—v.t. '. [Fr. opale—L. opalus.]

Opaque, ō-pāk′, adj. shady: dark: that cannot be seen through: not transparent.—adv. '.—n. ', quality of being opaque: want of transparency. [Fr.,—L. opacus.]

Ope, ōp, v.t. and v.i. (poet.) short for open.

Opeidoscope, ō-pī′dō-skōp, n. an instrument for illustrating sound by means of light.

Open, ō′pn, adj. not shut: allowing one to pass out or in: free from trees: not fenced: not drawn together: spread out: not frozen up: not frosty: free to be used, &c.: public: without reserve: frank: easily understood: generous: liberal: clear: unbalanced, as an account: attentive: free to be discussed.—v.t. to make open: to remove hinderances: to bring to view: to explain: to begin.—v.i. to become open: to unclose: to be unclosed: to begin to appear: to begin.—n. a clear space.—n. '.—adjs. ' (Shak.), watchful; ', with an open hand: generous: liberal.—n. '.—adj. ', with an open heart: frank: generous.—ns. ', liberality: generosity: frankness: candour; ', an open place: a breach: an aperture: beginning: first appearance: opportunity.—adv. '.—adj. ', free from prejudice: ready to receive and consider new ideas.—n. '.—adj. ', gaping: greedy: clamorous.—ns. '; ', a form of words which makes barriers fly open—from the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments; ' (Scot.), a kind of open-work stitching; , any work showing openings through it for ornament.—adj. open-cast, of mining work in open air.—Open verdict (see Verdict). [A.S. open—up, up; cf. Dut. open—op, Ice. opinn—upp, and Ger. offen—auf.]

Opera, op′ėr-a, n. a musical drama: a place where operas are performed.—adj. used in or for an opera, as an opera-glass, &c.—ns. ', a cloak of elegant form and material for carrying into the auditorium of a theatre or opera-house as a protection against draughts; ', one who dances in ballets introduced into operas; ', a small glass or telescope for use at operas, theatres, &c.; ', a hat which can be made flat by compression and expanded again to its full size; ', a theatre where operas are represented; '.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to or resembling the opera. [It.,—L. opera. Cf. Operate.]

Opera-bouffe, op′ėr-a-bōōf, n. a comic opera. [Fr.,—It. opera-buffa. Cf. Buffoon.]

Operate, op′ėr-āt, v.i. to work: to exert strength: to produce any effect: to exert moral power: (med.) to take effect upon the human system: (surg.) to perform some unusual act upon the body with the hand or an instrument.—v.t. to effect: to produce by agency.—n. ', an instrument for indicating the number of movements made by a part of a machine.—adj. ', operative.—n. an operator.—n. ', art or process of operating, or of being at work: that which is done or carried out: agency: influence: method of working: action or movements: surgical performance.—adj. ', having the power of operating or acting: exerting force: producing effects: efficacious.—n. a workman in a manufactory: a labourer.—adv. '.—ns. '; , one who, or that which, operates or produces an effect: (math.) a letter, &c., signifying an operation to be performed. [L. operāri, -ātus—opera, work, closely conn. with opus, operis, work.]

Operculum, ō-pėr′kū-lum, n. (bot.) a cover or lid: (zool.) the plate over the entrance of a shell: the apparatus which protects the gills of fishes:—pl. '.—adjs. ', belonging to the operculum; ', ', having an operculum; '; '; '; '. [L.,—operīre, to cover.]

Operetta, op-ėr-et′a, n. a short, light musical drama. [It., dim. of opera.]

Operose, op′ėr-ōz, adj. laborious: tedious.—adv. '.—ns. ', .

Ophicleide, of′i-klīd, n. a large bass trumpet, with a deep pitch. [Fr.; coined from Gr. ophis, a serpent, kleis, kleidos, a key.]

Ophidian, o-fid′i-an, n. one of the true serpents, in which the ribs are the only organs of locomotion.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to serpents: having the nature of a serpent.—ns. ', a place where serpents are confined; ', the description of serpents; ', a serpent-worshipper.—adj. '.—n. ', serpent-worship.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', one versed in ophiology; ', the study of serpents; ', divination by serpents.—adjs. ', ', having the form of a serpent; ', feeding on serpents.—n. ', one of a Gnostic sect who worshipped the serpent. [Gr. ophidion, dim. of ophis, opheōs, a serpent.]

Ophiura, of-i-ū′ra, n. a genus of sand-stars.—ns. and adjs. '; '. [Gr. ophis, serpent, oura, tail.]

Ophthalmia, of-thal′mi-a, n. inflammation of the eye—also '.—adj. ', pertaining to the eye.—ns. ', ', one skilled in ophthalmology; ', inflammation of the eyeball; ', pain, esp. rheumatic pain, of the eye; ', a description of the eye.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', the science of the eye, its structure and functions; ', an instrument for eye-measurements; ', the making of such; ', paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye; ', an instrument for examining the interior of the eye.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—ns. ', examination of the interior of the eye with the ophthalmoscope; , dissection of the eye: an incision into the eye. [Gr.,—ophthalmos, eye.]

Opiate, ō′pi-āt, n. a drug containing opium to induce sleep: that which dulls sensation, physical or mental.—adj. inducing sleep.—adj. .

Opine, o-pīn′, v.i. to suppose.—adj. ', capable of being thought.—ns. ', one who forms an opinion;  (her.), a half-lion, half-dragon. [Fr.,—L. opināri, to think.]

Opinion, ō-pin′yun, n. one's belief, judgment: favourable estimation: (Shak.) opinionativeness.—adjs. ', that may be matter of opinion; ', ', firmly adhering to one's own opinions.—adv. ' (obs.).—adj. ', unduly attached to one's own opinions: stubborn.—adv. '.—ns. '; '. [L.]

Opisometer, op-i-som′e-tėr, n. an instrument for measuring curved lines on a map. [Gr. opisō, backward, metron, measure.]

Opisthobranchiate, ō-pis-thō-brang′ki-āt, adj. having the gills behind the heart—n. .

Opisthocœlian, ō-pis-thō-sē′li-an, adj. hollow or concave behind, as a vertebra.—Also .

Opisthocomous, op-is-thok′ō-mus, adj. having an occipital crest.

Opisthodomos, op-is-thod′ō-mos, n. a rear-chamber or treasury at the back of the cella in some temples. [Gr.]

Opisthodont, ō-pis′thō-dont, adj. having back teeth only.

Opisthogastric, ō-pis-thō-gas′trik, adj. behind the stomach.

Opisthognathous, op-is-thog′nā-thus, adj. having retreating jaws or teeth.

Opisthograph, ō-pis′thō-graf, n. a manuscript or a slab inscribed on the back as well as the front.—adj. ', written on both sides.—n. '.

Opium, ō′pi-um, n. the narcotic juice of the white poppy.—n. , one who makes a habitual use of opium. [L.,—Gr. opion, dim. from opos, sap.]

Opobalsam, op-ō-bal′sam, n. a resinous juice, balm of Gilead.

Opodeldoc, op-ō-del′dok, n. a solution of soap in alcohol, with camphor and essential oils, soap-liniment. [Fr., perh. from Gr. opos, juice.]

Opopanax, ō-pop′a-naks, n. a gum-resin used in perfumery and formerly in medicine. [Gr., opos, juice, panax, a plant, panakēs, all-healing.]

Oporice, ō-por′i-sē, n. a medicine prepared from quinces, pomegranates, &c.

Opossum, o-pos′um, n. a small American marsupial mammal, nocturnal, mainly arboreal, with prehensile tail: an Australian marsupial. [West Indian.]

Oppidan, op′i-dan, n. at Eton, a student who is not a foundationer or colleger. [L. oppidanus—oppidum, town.]

Oppilation, op-i-lā′shun, n. stoppage.—v.t. ', to crowd together.—adj. ', obstructive. [L.]

Opponent, ō-pō′nent, adj. opposing in action, speech, &c.: placed in front.—n. one who opposes.

Opportune, op-or-tūn′, adj. present at a proper time: timely: convenient.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', practice of regulating principles by favourable opportunities without regard to consistency; ', a politician who waits for events before declaring his opinions: a person without settled principles; , an opportune or convenient time: a good occasion or chance. [Fr.,—L. opportunus—ob, before, portus, a harbour.]

Oppose, o-pōz′, v.t. to place before or in the way of: to set against: to place as an obstacle: to resist: to check: to compete with.—v.i. to make objection.—n. '.—adjs. ', that may be opposed; ' (Shak.), not to be opposed, irresistible.—n. ', one who opposes.—v.t. and v.i. , to negative. [Fr.,—L. ob, Fr. poser, to place.]

Opposite, op′ō-zit, adj. placed over against: standing in front: situated on opposite sides: contrasted with: opposed to: of an entirely different nature.—n. that which is opposed or contrary: an opponent.—adv. '.—n. '.—Be opposite with (Shak.), to be perverse and contradictory in dealing with. [Fr.,—L. oppositus—ob, against, ponĕre, positum, to place.]

Opposition, op-ō-zish′un, n. state of being placed over against: position over against: repugnance: contrariety: contrast: act or action of opposing: resistance: that which opposes: obstacle: (logic) a difference of quantity or quality between two propositions having the same subject and predicate: the party that opposes the ministry or existing administration: (astron.) the situation of heavenly bodies when 180 degrees apart.—n. , one who belongs to an opposing party, esp. that opposed to the government. [Opposite.]

Oppress, o-pres′, v.t. to press against or upon: to use severely: to burden: to lie heavy upon: to constrain: to overpower: to treat unjustly: to load with heavy burdens.—n. ', act of oppressing or treating unjustly or harshly: severity: cruelty: state of being oppressed: misery: hardship: injustice: dullness of spirits: (Shak.) pressure.—adj. ', tending to oppress: overburdensome: treating with severity or injustice: heavy: overpowering: difficult to bear.—adv. '.—ns. '; , one who oppresses. [Fr.,—L. opprimĕre, oppressum—ob, against, premĕre, to press.]

Opprobrious, o-prō′bri-us, adj. expressive of opprobrium or disgrace: reproachful: infamous: despised.—adv. '.—ns. '; , reproach expressing contempt or disdain: disgrace: infamy. [L.,—ob, against, probrum, reproach.]

Oppugn, o-pūn′, v.t. to fight against, esp. by argument: to oppose: to resist.—n. . [Fr.,—L. oppugnāre, to fight against—ob, against, pugna, a fight.]

Oppugnancy, o-pug′nan-si, n. (Shak.) opposition, resistance.—adj. , opposing: hostile.—n. an opponent. [L. oppugnans, -antis, pr.p. of oppugnāre.]

Opsimathy, op-sim′a-thi, n. learning obtained late in life. [Gr.,—opse, late, mathein, to learn.]

Opsiometer, op-si-om′e-tėr, n. an optometer.

Opsonium, op-sō′ni-um, n. anything eaten with bread as a relish, esp. fish.—ns. ', any morbid love for some special kind of food; ', one who manifests the foregoing. [Gr. opsōnion—opson, strictly boiled meat, any relish.]

Optative, op′ta-tiv, or op-tā′tiv, adj. expressing desire or wish.—n. (gram.) a mood of the verb expressing wish.—adv. . [L. optativus—optāre, -ātum, to wish.]

Optic, -al, op′tik, -al, adj. relating to sight, or to optics.—n. ' (Pope), an organ of sight: an eye.—adv. '.—ns. ', one skilled in optics: one who makes or sells optical instruments; ' (sing.), the science of the nature and laws of vision and light; ', ', an instrument for measuring the refractive powers of the eye; , the measurement of the visual powers.—Optic axis, the axis of the eye—that is, a line going through the middle of the pupil and the centre of the eye. [Fr. optique—Gr. optikos.]

Optime, op′ti-mē, n. in the university of Cambridge, one of those in the second or third rank of honours (senior and junior optimes respectively), next to the wranglers.—n.pl. , the Roman aristocracy. [L. optimus, best.]

Optimism, op′ti-mizm, n. the doctrine that everything is ordered for the best: a disposition to take a hopeful view of things—opp. to Pessimism.—v.i. ', to take the most hopeful view of anything.—n. ', one who holds that everything is ordered for the best.—adj. '.—adv. '.—n.  (bot.), that point of temperature at which metabolic—i.e. vegetative and fructificative processes are best carried on. [L. optimus, best.]

Option, op′shun, n. act of choosing: power of choosing or wishing: wish.—adj. ', left to one's option or choice.—adv. '.—n. , a mode of speculating, chiefly in stocks and shares, which is intended to limit the speculator's risk. It consists in paying a sum down for the right to put (make delivery) or call (call for delivery) a given amount of stock at a fixed future date, the price also being fixed at the time the contract is entered into.—Local option (see Local). [L. optio, optionis—optāre, to choose.]

Optometer, Optometry. See Optic.

Opulent, op′ū-lent, adj. wealthy.—n. ', means: riches: wealth.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. op-ulentus.]

Opuntia, ō-pun′shi-a, n. a genus of cacti.

Opus, ō′pus, n. work, a work.—Opus magnum, the great work of one's life; Opus operantis (theol.), the effect of a sacrament ascribed chiefly, if not exclusively, to the spiritual disposition of the recipient, the grace flowing ex opere operantis—the Protestant view; Opus operatum, the due celebration of a sacrament necessarily involving the grace of the sacrament, which flows ex opere operato from the sacramental act performed independent of the merit of him who administers it—the R.C. view.

Opuscule, ō-pus′kūl, n. a little work.—Also ', '. [L. opusculum, dim. of opus, work.]

Or, or, adv. ere, before. [Ere.]

Or, or, conj. marking an alternative, and sometimes opposition [short for other, modern Eng. either].—prep. (B.) before. [In this sense a corr. of ere.]

Or, or, n. (her.) gold. [Fr.,—L. aurum, gold.]

Orach, Orache, or′ach, n. one of several European plants used as spinach. [Fr. arroche.]

Oracle, or′a-kl, n. the answer spoken or uttered by the gods: the place where responses were given, and the deities supposed to give them: a person famed for wisdom: a wise decision: (B.) the sanctuary: (pl.) the revelations made to the prophets: the word of God.—adj. ', delivering oracles: resembling oracles: grave: venerable: not to be disputed: ambiguous: obscure—also '.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. ora-culum, double dim. from orāre, to speak—os, oris, the mouth.]

Oragious, ō-rā′jus, adj. stormy. [Fr.]

Oraison, or′i-zun, n. (Shak.). Same as Orison.

Oral, ō′ral, adj. uttered by the mouth: spoken, not written.—adv. . [L. os, oris, the mouth.]

Orale, or-ā′le, n. a white silk veil, with coloured stripes, sometimes worn by the Pope.

Orang, ō-rang′, n. See Orang-outang.

Orange, or′anj, n. a delightful gold-coloured fruit with a thick, rough skin, within which are usually from eight to ten juicy divisions: the tree on which it grows: a colour composed of red and yellow.—adj. pertaining to an orange: orange-coloured.—ns. ', a drink made with orange juice; ', the white blossom of the orange-tree, worn by brides.—adj. ', having the colour of an orange.—ns. ', a garden-plant with large orange flowers; ', the rind of an orange separated from the pulp; ', a plantation of orange-trees: an orange-garden.—adj. ' (Shak.), of a colour between orange and brown.—n. the colour itself.—n. ' (Shak.), a woman who sells oranges. [Fr.,—It. arancio—Pers. naranj, the n being dropped; it was thought to come from L. aurum, gold, hence Low L. aurantium.]

Orangeman, or′anj-man, n. a member of a society instituted in Ireland in 1795 to uphold Protestantism, or the cause of William of Orange—a secret society since its formal suppression in 1835 after a protracted parliamentary inquiry.—adj. '.—n. '. [From the principality of Orange (L. Arausio), near Avignon, ruled by its own sovereigns from the 11th to the 16th century, passing by the last heiress in 1531 to the Count of Nassau, father of William the Silent.]

Orang-outang, ō-rang′-ōō-tang′, n. an anthropoid ape, found only in the forests of Sumatra and Borneo, reddish-brown, arboreal in habit.—Also ' and '. [Malay, 'man of the woods.']

Orant, ō′rant, n. a worshipping figure in ancient Greek and early Christian art.

Orarian, ō-rā′ri-an, adj. pertaining to the coast. [L. ora, the shore.]

Orarion, ō-rā′ri-on, n. a deacon's stole in the Eastern Church.

Orarium, ō-rā′ri-um, n. a linen neckcloth or handkerchief: a scarf attached to a bishop's staff. [L. os, oris, the mouth.]

Orarium, ō-rā′ri-um, n. a collection of private devotions. [L. orāre, to pray.]

Oration, ō-rā′shun, n. a public speech of a formal character: an eloquent speech.—n. , a brief speech. [Fr.,—L. oratio—orāre, to pray.]

Orator, or′a-tor, n. a public speaker: a man of eloquence: a spokesman or advocate:—fem. ', '.—v.i. ', to deliver an oration.—adjs. '; ', pertaining to oratory: becoming an orator.—adv. '.—n. , the art of speaking well, or so as to please and persuade, esp. publicly: the exercise of eloquence: an apartment or building for private worship: one of various congregations in the R.C. Church, esp. the Fathers of the Oratory, established by St Philip Neri (1515-95): a religious house of theirs.

Oratorio, or-a-tō′ri-ō, n. a sacred story set to music, which, as in the opera, requires soloists, chorus, and full orchestra for its performance, the theatrical adjuncts, however, of scenery, costumes, and acting bring dispensed with. [It., so called because first performed in the Oratory of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, near Rome, under the care of St Philip Neri (1571-94).]

Orb, orb, adj. (obs.) bereft, esp. of children. [L. orbus.]

Orb, orb, n. a circle: a sphere: a celestial body: a wheel: any rolling body: the eye: (archit.) a blank window or panel: the globe forming part of regalia, the monde or mound: the space within which the astrological influence of a planet operates.—v.t. to surround: to form into an orb.—adjs. '; Orbed, in the form of an orb; circular; ', having the form of an orb or sphere: spherical: round.—n. ', a muscle surrounding an opening.—adv. '.—n. '.—adjs. ', ', made in the form of an orb.—n. '.—adj. , orbed. [L. orbis, circle.]

Orbilius, or-bil′i-us, n. a flogging schoolmaster—from Horace's master.

Orbit, or′bit, n. the path in which one of the heavenly bodies, as a planet, moves round another, as the sun: the hollow in the bone in which the eyeball rests—also ': the skin round the eye.—adjs. ', . [L. orbita—orbis, a ring.]

Orc, ork, n. any whale, the grampus. [L. orca.]

Orcadian, or-kā′di-an, adj. of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands.—n. an inhabitant or a native of the Orkneys. [L. Orcades.]

Orchard, or′chard, n. a garden of fruit-trees, esp. of apple-trees, also the enclosure containing such.—ns. ', a glass house for cultivating fruits without artificial heat; '; . [A.S. orceard—older form ort-geard.]

Orchella-weed=Archil (q. v.).

Orcheocele, or-ke-o-sēl′, n. a tumour or inflammation of the testicle.—ns. ', pain, esp. neuralgia, in a testicle; ', ', the excision of a testicle; ', pain in a testicle; ', inflammation of a testicle.—adj. '. [Gr. orchis, a testicle, kēlē, a tumour.]

Orchestra, or′kes-tra, n. in the Greek theatre, the place where the chorus danced: now the part of a theatre or concert-room in which the musicians are placed: the performers in an orchestra.—ns. ', the art of dancing or rhythmical movement of the body; ', the theory of dancing.—adjs. ', ', of or pertaining to an orchestra: performed in an orchestra.—v.t. ', to arrange for an orchestra.—ns. ', the arrangement of music for an orchestra: instrumentation; , a musical instrument of the barrel-organ kind, designed to imitate an orchestra. [L.,—Gr. orchēstra—orchesthai, to dance.]

Orchid, or′kid, n. a plant with a rich, showy, often fragrant flower, frequently found growing, in warm countries, on rocks and stems of trees.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to the orchids.—ns. ', the knowledge of orchids; ', a genus containing ten of the British species of orchids. [Gr. orchis, a testicle.]

Orchil, or′kil, n. the colouring matter derived from archil (q.v.).

Orcine, or′sin, n. a colouring matter obtained from orchella-weed and other lichens.

Ordain, or-dān′, v.t. to put in order: to appoint: to dispose or regulate: to set apart for an office: to invest with ministerial functions.—adj. '.—ns. '; '.—adj. ', showing order or succession.—n. a number noting order or place among others: a body of regulations, a book containing forms and rules for ordination.—n. ', that which is ordained by authority: a law: a religious practice or right established by authority.—adj. ' (Shak.), ordaining, decreeing.—n. one who ordains, as a bishop—opp. to ', or one who is to be ordained.—n. ', the act of ordaining: admission to the Christian ministry by the laying on of hands of a bishop or a presbytery: established order. [O. Fr. ordener (Fr. ordonner)—L. ordināre, -ātum—ordo.]

Ordeal, or′de-al, n. a dealing out or giving of just judgment: an ancient form of referring a disputed question to the judgment of God, by lot, fire, water, &c.: any severe trial or examination. [A.S. or-dél, or-dál; cf. Dut. oor-deel, Ger. ur-theil.]

Order, or′dėr, n. regular arrangement, method: degree, rank, or position: rule, regular system or government: command: a class, a society of persons of the same profession, &c.: a religious fraternity: a dignity conferred by a sovereign, &c., giving membership in a body, after the medieval orders of knighthood, also the distinctive insignia thereof: social rank generally: a number of genera having many important points in common: a commission to supply, purchase, or sell something: (archit.) one of the different ways in which the column, with its various parts and its entablature, are moulded and related to each other: due action towards some end, esp. in old phrase 'to take order:' the sacerdotal or clerical function: (pl.) the several degrees or grades of the Christian ministry.—v.t. to arrange: to conduct: to command.—v.i. to give command.—ns. ', a book for entering the orders of customers, the special orders of a commanding officer, or, the motions to be put to the House of Commons; '; ', arrangement: management: the act or ceremony of ordaining, as priests or deacons.—adj. ', without order: disorderly.—n. '.—adj. ', in good order: regular: well regulated: of good behaviour: quiet: being on duty.—adv. regularly: methodically.—n. a non-commissioned officer who carries official messages for his superior officer, formerly the first sergeant of a company.—adj. ', in order: regular.—n. the distance of a point in a curve from a straight line, measured along another straight line at right angles to it—the distance of the point from the other of the two lines is called the abscissa, and the two lines are the axes of co-ordinates.—adv. '.—Order-in-Council, a sovereign order given with advice of the Privy Council; Order-of-battle, the arrangement of troops or ships at the beginning of a battle; Order-of-the-day, in a legislative assembly, the business set down to be considered on any particular day: any duty assigned for a particular day.—Close order, the usual formation for soldiers in line or column, the ranks 16 inches apart, or for vessels two cables'-length (1440 ft.) apart—opp. to Extended order; Full orders, the priestly order; Minor orders, those of acolyte, exorcist, reader, and doorkeeper; Open order, a formation in which ships are four cables'-length (2880 ft.) apart; Sailing orders, written instructions given to the commander of a vessel before sailing; Sealed orders, such instructions as the foregoing, not to be opened until a certain specified time; Standing orders or rules, regulations for procedure adopted by a legislative assembly.—In order, and Out of order, in accordance with regular and established usage of procedure, in subject or way of presenting it before a legislative assembly, &c., or the opposite; In order to, for the end that; Take order (Shak.), to take measures. [Fr. ordre—L. ordo, -inis.]

Ordinaire, or-din-ār′, n. wine for ordinary use—usually vin ordinaire: a soldier's mess: a person of common rank.

Ordinary, or′di-na-ri, adj. according to the common order: usual: of common rank: plain: of little merit: (coll.) plain-looking.—n. a judge of ecclesiastical or other causes who acts in his own right: something settled or customary: actual office: a bishop or his deputy: a place where regular meals are provided at fixed charges: the common run or mass: (her.) one of a class of armorial charges, called also honourable ordinaries, figures of simple outline and geometrical form, conventional in character—chief, pale, fess, bend, bend-sinister, chevron, cross, saltire, pile, pall, bordure, orle, tressure, canton, flanches.—adv. .—Ordinary of the mass, the established sequence or fixed order for saying mass.—In ordinary, in regular and customary attendance.

Ordnance, ord′nans, n. great guns: artillery: (orig.) any arrangement, disposition, or equipment.—Ordnance survey, a preparation of maps and plans of Great Britain and Ireland, or parts thereof, undertaken by government and carried out by men selected from the Royal Engineers—so called because in earlier days the survey was carried out under the direction of the Master-general of the Ordnance. [Ordinance.]

Ordonnance, or′do-nans, n. co-ordination, esp. the proper disposition of figures in a picture, parts of a building, &c.

Ordure, or′dūr, n. dirt: dung: excrement: also fig. anything unclean.—adj. . [Fr.,—O. Fr. ord, foul—L. horridus, rough.]

Ore, ōr, n. metal as it comes from the mine: metal mixed with earthy and other substances. [A.S. ór, another form of ár, brass; Ice. eir, L. æs, ær-is, bronze.]

Oread, ō′rē-ad, n. (myth.) a mountain nymph:—pl. ', or '. [Gr. oreias, oreiados—oros, a mountain.]

Oreog′raphy=Orography.

Organ, or′gan, n. an instrument or means by which anything is done: a part of a body fitted for carrying on a natural or vital operation: a means of communication, or of conveying information or opinions from one to another of two parties, as an ambassador, a newspaper, &c.: a musical wind instrument consisting of a collection of pipes made to sound by means of compressed air from bellows, and played upon by means of keys: a system of pipes in such an organ, having an individual keyboard, a partial organ: a musical instrument having some mechanism resembling the pipe-organ, as the barrel-organ, &c.—ns. ', one who constructs organs; ', a fellow who plays a hand-organ by a crank; ', a large harmonium used instead of a pipe-organ.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to an organ: organised: instrumental.—adv. '.—n. '.—v.t. ', to add organic matter to.—n. '.—adj. ', that may be organised.—n. ', the act of organising: the state of being organised.—v.t. ', to supply with organs: to form several parts into an organised whole, to arrange.—ns. '; ', organic structure, or a body exhibiting such: a living being, animal or vegetable.—adj. '.—ns. ', one who plays on an organ; ', the loft where an organ stands; ', ', history of the development of living organs; ', a description of the organs of plants or animals; ', the study of structure and function; ', one of the sounding pipes of a pipe-organ (flue-pipes and reed-pipes); ', a note sustained through a series of chords, although only in harmony with the first and last; ', the music of the organ; ', an ornamental stone or wood screen, on which a secondary organ is sometimes placed in cathedrals; ', a mechanical musical instrument, with reeds and exhaust-bellows.—Organic chemistry, the chemistry of substances of animal or vegetable origin, prior to 1828 supposed to be capable of formation only as products of vital processes: the chemistry of the compounds of carbon; Organic disease, a disease accompanied by changes in the structures involved; Organic remains, fossil remains of a plant or animal.—Hydraulic organ, one whose bellows is operated by a hydraulic motor. [Fr. organe—L. organum—Gr. organon.]

Organon, or′ga-non, n. an instrument: a system of rules and principles for scientific investigation: a system of thought: the logic of Aristotle—also ':—pl. '. [Gr., from ergon, a work.]

Organzine, or′gan-zin, n. a silk thread of several twisted together, a fabric of the same. [Fr.]

Orgasm, or′gasm, n. immoderate excitement or action.—adj. . [Gr. orgasmos, swelling.]

Orgeat, or′zhat, n. a confectioner's syrup made from almonds, sugar, &c. [Fr. orge—L. hordeum, barley.]

Orgulous, or′gū-lus, adj. (Shak.) haughty.

Orgy, or′ji, n. any drunken or riotous rite or revelry, esp. by night—(rare) Orge:—pl. ', riotous secret rites observed in the worship of Bacchus.—v.i. Orge, to indulge in riotous jollity.—n. '.—adjs. ', '. [Fr.,—L. orgia—Gr.]

Orichalc, or′i-kalk, n. (Spens.) a gold-coloured alloy resembling brass.—adj. . [Fr., from Gr. oreichalkos, mountain copper—oros, a mountain, chalkos, copper.]

Oriel, ō′ri-el, n. a portico or recess in the form of a window built out from a wall, supported on brackets or corbels—distinguished from a bay window. [O. Fr. oriol, a porch—Low L. oriolum, a highly ornamented recess—L. aureolus, gilded—aurum, gold.]

Orient, ō′ri-ent, adj. rising, as the sun: eastern: bright or pure in colour.—n. the part where the sun rises: the east, or the countries of the east: purity of lustre, as in a pearl.—v.t. to set so as to face the east: to build, as a church, with its length from east to west.—adj. ', eastern: pertaining to, in, or from the east.—n. a native of the east.—v.t. '.—ns. ', an eastern word, expression, or custom; ', one versed in the eastern languages: an oriental; '.—v.t. and v.i. '.—ns. ', the act of turning or state of being turned toward the east, the process of determining the east in taking bearings: the situation of a building relative to the points of the compass: the act of making clear one's position in some matter: the homing instinct, as in pigeons; ', an instrument for orientating. [L. oriens, -entis, pr.p. of orīri, to rise.]

Orifice, or′i-fis, n. something made like a mouth or opening. [Fr.,—L. orificium—os, oris, mouth, facĕre, to make.]

Oriflamme, or′i-flam, n. a little banner of red silk split into many points, borne on a gilt staff—the ancient royal standard of France. [Fr.,—Low L. auriflamma—L. aurum, gold, flamma, a flame.]

Origan, or′i-gan, n. wild marjoram.—Also . [Fr.,—L. origanum.—Gr. origanon—oros, mountain, ganos, brightness.]

Origenist, or′ij-en-ist, n. a follower of Origen (c. 186-254 A.D.), his allegorical method of scriptural interpretation, or his theology, esp. his heresies—the subordination though eternal generation of the Logos, pre-existence of all men, and universal restoration, even of the devil.—n. '.—adj. '.

Origin, or′i-jin, n. the rising or first existence of anything: that from which anything first proceeds: (math.) the fixed starting-point: cause: derivation.—adjs. '; ', pertaining to the origin or beginning: first in order or existence: in the author's own words or from the artist's own pencil: not copied: not translated: having the power to originate, as thought.—n. origin: first copy: the precise language used by a writer: an untranslated tongue: a person of marked individuality.—ns. ', ', quality or state of being original or of originating ideas.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to give origin to: to bring into existence.—v.i. to have origin: to begin.—n. ', act of originating or of coming into existence: mode of production.—adj. ', having power to originate or bring into existence.—n. . [Fr. origine—L. origo, originis—orīri, to rise.]

Orillon, o-ril′lon, n. a semicircular projection at the shoulder of a bastion intended to cover the guns and defenders on the flank. [Fr.,—oreille, an ear—L. auricula, dim. of auris, ear.]

Oriole, ōr′i-ōl, n. the golden thrush. [O. Fr. oriol—L. aureolus, dim. of aureus, golden—aurum, gold.]

Orion, ō-rī′on, n. (astron.) one of the constellations containing seven very bright stars, three of which, in a straight line, form Orion's belt. [Orion, a hunter placed among the stars at his death.]

Orismology, or-is-mol′ō-ji, n. the science of defining technical terms.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. horismos—horizein, to bound.]

Orison, or′i-zun, n. a prayer. [O. Fr. orison (Fr. oraison)—L. oratio, -ōnis—orāre, to pray.]

Orle, orl, n. (archit.) a fillet under the ovolo of a capital—also : (her.) a border within a shield at a short distance from the edge. [O. Fr., border, from Low L. orlum, dim. of L. ora, border.]

Orleanist, or′lē-an-ist, n. one of the family of the Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV. of France: a supporter of the claims of this family to the throne of France.—adj. favourable to the claims of the Orleans family.—ns. '; ', a wool and cotton cloth for women's dresses.

Orlop, or′lop, n. the deck below the berth-deck in a ship where the cables, &c., are stowed. [Dut. overloop, the upper deck—overlopen, to run over.]

Ormer, or′mėr, n. an ear-shell or sea-ear.

Ormolu, or′mo-lōō, n. an alloy of copper, zinc, and tin: gilt or bronzed metallic ware: gold-leaf prepared for gilding bronze, &c. [Fr. or—L. aurum, gold, moulu, pa.p. of moudre, to grind—L. molāre, to grind.]

Ormuzd, or′muzd, n. the name of the chief god of the ancient Persians: the creator and lord of the whole universe: (later) the good principle, as opposed to Ahriman, the bad. [A corr. of Pers. Ahura-Mazdâh=the Living God or Lord (ahu='the living,' 'life,' or 'spirit,' root ah='to be'), the Great Creator (maz+dâ=Sans. mahâ+dhâ), or the Wise One.]

Ornament, or′na-ment, n. anything that adds grace or beauty: additional beauty: a mark of honour: (pl., Pr. Bk.) all the articles used in the services of the church.—v.t. to adorn: to furnish with ornaments.—adj. ', serving to adorn or beautify.—adv. '.—ns. ', act or art of ornamenting: (archit.) ornamental work; '; '.—adj. ', ornamented: decorated: highly finished, esp. applied to a style of writing.—adv. '.—n. '. [Fr. ornement—L. ornamentum—ornāre, to adorn.]

Ornis, or′nis, n. the birds collectively of a region, its avifauna.—adj. '.—ns. ' (geol.), the footmark of a bird found impressed on sandstone, &c.; ', the lowest of the three sub-classes of mammals, same as Monotremata—from the ornithic character of the urogenital organs.—adjs. ' (also n.), ', '; ', somewhat ornithic.—ns. ' (geol.), the fossil remains of a bird: a stone occurring of various colours and forms bearing the figures of birds.—adj. ', pertaining to ornithology.—adv. '.—ns. ', one versed in ornithology, or who makes a special study of birds; ', the science and study of birds; ', divination by means of birds, by observing their flight, &c.—adjs. '; ', bird-fertilised; ', ', having feet like a bird.—ns. ', an animal in Australia, with a body like an otter and a snout like the bill of a duck, also called Duck-bill; ', observation of birds or of their habits; ', the act of dissecting birds. [Gr. ornis, ornithos, a bird.]

Orography, or-og′ra-fi, n. the description of mountains—also '.—n. ', the origin and formation of mountains.—adjs. ', '; ', of or pertaining to orology.—ns. ', one versed in orology; , a mountain-barometer. [Gr. oros, a mountain.]

Oroide, ō′rō-īd, n. an alloy of copper, tin, and other metals used for watch-cases, cheap jewellery, &c.—Also . [Fr. or—L. aurum, gold, Gr. eidos, form.]

Orotund, ō′rō-tund, adj. full, clear, and musical, as speech.—n. full, clear, and musical speech, as when directly from the larynx. [L. os, oris, the mouth, rotundus, round.]

Orphan, or′fan, n. a child bereft of father or mother, or of both.—adj. bereft of parents.—v.t. to bereave of parents.—ns. ', the state of being an orphan: a house for orphans; '; ', '; , the supporting of orphans. [Gr. orphanos, akin to L. orbus, bereaved.]

Orpharion, or-fā′ri-on, n. a large lute with six to nine metal strings.—Also .

Orphean, or′fē-an, adj. pertaining to Orpheus, a poet who could move inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.—adj. ', pertaining to Orpheus, or the mysteries connected with the cult of Bacchus.—v.i. '.—n. .

Orphrey, or′fri, n. gold or other rich embroidery attached to vestments, esp. chasuble and cope. [Fr. orfroi—or—L. aurum, gold, Fr. fraise, fringe.]

Orpiment, or′pi-ment, n. arsenic trisulphide, giving king's yellow and realgar (red).—ns. ', ', a deep-yellow colour: the Sedum Telephium, a popular vulnerary. [Fr.,—L. auripigmentum—aurum, gold, pigmentum, paint.]

Orra, or′a, adj. (Scot.) odd: not matched: left over: doing odd pieces of work: worthless.

Orrery, or′ėr-i, n. an apparatus for illustrating, by balls mounted on rods and moved by clockwork around a centre, the size, positions, motions, &c. of the heavenly bodies. [From Charles Boyle, fourth Earl of Orrery (1676-1731).]

Orris, or′is, n. a species of iris in the south of Europe, the dried root of which has the smell of violets, used in perfumery.—Also .

Orris, or′is, n. a peculiar kind of gold or silver lace: upholsterers' galloon and gimp. [Orphrey.]

Orseille, or-sāl′, n. a colouring matter (cf. Archil and Litmus).—adj. . [Fr.]

Ort, ort, n. a fragment, esp. one left from a meal—usually pl. [Low Ger. ort, refuse of fodder.]

Orthocephaly, or-thō-sef′a-li, n. the character of a skull in which the ratio between the vertical and transverse diameters is from 70 to 75.—adj. .

Orthoceras, or-thos′e-ras, n. a genus of fossil cephalopods, having the shell straight or but slightly curved.

Orthochromatic, or-thō-krō-mat′ik, adj. correct in rendering the relation of colours, without the usual photographic modifications. [Gr. orthos, right, chrōma, colour.]

Orthoclase, or′tho-klāz, n. common or potash feldspar.—adj. . [Gr. orthos, straight, klasis, a fracture.]

Orthodox, or′tho-doks, adj. sound in doctrine: believing the received or established opinions, esp. in religion: according to the received doctrine.—adv. '.—ns. '; , soundness of opinion or doctrine: belief in the commonly accepted opinions, esp. in religion. [Through Fr. and Late L. from Gr. orthodoxos—orthos, right, doxa, opinion—dokein, to seem.]

Orthodromic, or-thō-drom′ik, adj. pertaining to , the art of sailing on a great circle or in a straight course.

Orthoëpy, or′tho-e-pi, n. (gram.) correct pronunciation of words.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—n. ', one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. orthos, right, epos, a word.]

Orthogamy, or-thog′a-mi, n. (bot.) direct or immediate fertilisation.

Orthognathous, or-thog′nā-thus, adj. straight-jawed—also '.—n. '. [Gr. orthos, straight, gnathos, the jaw.]

Orthogon, or′tho-gon, n. (geom.) a figure with all its angles right angles.—adj. ', rectangular.—adv. '. [Gr. orthos, right, gōnia, angle.]

Orthographer, or-thog′ra-fėr, n. one who spells words correctly—also '.—adjs. ', ', pertaining or according to orthography: spelt correctly.—adv. '.—n.  (gram.), the art or practice of spelling words correctly. [Gr. orthographia—orthos, right, graphein, to write.]

Orthometry, or-thom′et-ri, n. the art of constructing verse correctly.

Orthopædia, or-thō-pē-dī′a, n. the art or process of curing deformities of the body, esp. in childhood—also ', '.—adjs. ', ', ', '.—ns. ', ', orthopædic surgery; ', ', one skilled in the foregoing. [Gr. orthos, straight, pais, paidos, a child.]

Orthophony, or′thō-fō-ni, n. the art of correct speaking: the proper culture of the voice. [Gr. orthos, straight, phōnein, to speak—phōnē, voice.]

Orthopnœa, or-thop-nē′a, n. dyspnœa.—n. , one who can breathe in an upright posture only. [Gr. orthos, straight, pnein, to breathe.]

Orthopraxy, or′thō-prak-si, n. correct practice or procedure.

Orthoptera, or-thop′tėr-a, n. an order of insects with wing-covers, that overlap at the top when shut, under which are the true wings, which fold lengthwise like a fan.—ns. ', ', an insect of the order orthoptera; '.—adj. ', pertaining to the orthoptera. [Gr. orthos, straight, ptera, pl. of pteron, wing.]

Orthoscopic, or-thō-skop′ik, adj. seeing correctly: appearing normal to the eye. [Gr. orthos, straight, skopein, to see.]

Orthostyle, or′thō-stīl, n. (archit.) an arrangement of columns or pillars in a straight line. [Gr. orthos, straight, stylos, a column.]

Orthotonic, or-thō-ton′ik, adj. retaining an accent in certain positions, but not in others—also '.—n. ', accentuation of a proclitic or enclitic—opp. to Enclisis. [Gr. orthos, straight, tonos, accent.]

Orthotropism, or-thot′rō-pizm, n. vertical growth in plants.—adjs. ', ', . [Gr. orthos, straight, trepein, to turn.]

Orthotypous, or′thō-tī-pus, adj. in mineralogy, having a perpendicular cleavage.

Orthros, or′thros, n. one of the Greek canonical hours, corresponding to the Western lauds. [Gr. orthros, dawn.]

Ortive, or′tiv, adj. rising: eastern.

Ortolan, or′tō-lan, n. a kind of bunting, common in Europe, and considered a great table delicacy. [Fr.,—It. ortolano—L. hortulanus, belonging to gardens—hortulus, dim. of hortus, a garden.]

Orvietan, or-vi-ē′tan, n. a supposed antidote or counter-poison.—n. , an esteemed still white wine.

Oryctics, ō-rik′tiks, n. the branch of geology relating to fossils.—adjs. ', '.—n. , palæontology. [Gr. oryctos, fossil.]

Oryx, or′iks, n. a genus of antelopes. [Gr., a pick-axe.]

Oryza, ō-rī′za, n. a small tropical genus of true grasses, including rice.

Os, os, n. a bone. [L.]

Oscan, os′kan, n. and adj. one of an ancient Italic race in southern Italy: a language closely akin to Latin, being a ruder and more primitive form of the same central Italic tongue.

Oscheal, os′kē-al, adj. pertaining to the scrotum.—ns. ', inflammation of the scrotum; ', a scrotal hernia; , plastic surgery of the scrotum. [Gr. oschē, the scrotum.]

Oscillate, os′sil-lāt, v.i. to move backwards and forwards like a pendulum: to vary between certain limits.—n. ', a swinging condition.—adj. '.—n. ', act of oscillating: a swinging like a pendulum: variation within limits.—adjs. ', having a tendency to vibrate; , swinging: moving as a pendulum does. [L. oscillāre, -ātum, to swing—oscillum, a swing.]

Oscines, os′si-nēz, n.pl. a sub-order of birds of the order Passeres.—adj. —also n. [L. oscen, oscinis, a singing-bird.]

Oscitancy, os′si-tan-si, n. sleepiness, stupidity.—adj. '.—adv. '.—v.i. ', to yawn.—n. ', act of yawning or gaping from sleepiness. [L. oscitāre, to yawn.]

Osculant, os′kū-lant, adj. kissing: adhering closely: (biol.) situated between two other genera, and partaking partly of the character of each.—v.t. ', to kiss: to touch, as two curves: to form a connecting-link between two genera.—adj. of or pertaining to kissing.—n. '.—adj. ', of or pertaining to kissing: (geom.) having the same curvature at the point of contact.—n. a tablet with a picture of the Virgin or of Christ, which was kissed by the priest and then by the people.—ns. ', a little mouth: a small bilabiate aperture; , a mouth in sponges: one of the suckers on the head of a tapeworm. [L. osculāri, -ātus—osculum, a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os, mouth.]

Osier, ō′zhėr, n. the popular name for those species of willow whose twigs are used in making baskets, &c.—adj. made of or like osiers.—adj. ', adorned with willows.—n. ', a place where osiers are grown. [Fr.; perh. from Gr. oisos.]

Osiris, ō-sī′ris, n. the greatest of Egyptian gods, son of Seb and Nut, or Heaven and Earth, married to Isis, slain by Set but avenged by his son Horus, judge of the dead in the nether-world.

Osite, os′īt, n. Sombrero guano.

Osmanli, os-man′li, adj. of or belonging to Turkey.—n. a member of the reigning family of Turkey: a subject of the emperor of Turkey. [Osman or Othman, who founded the Turkish empire in Asia, and reigned 1288-1326.]

Osmeterium, os-mē-tē′ri-um, n. an organ devoted to the production of an odour, esp. the forked process behind the head of certain butterfly-larvæ:—pl. .

Osmidrosis, os-mi-drō′sis, n. the secretion of strongly smelling perspiration.—Also Bromidrosis. [Gr. osmē, smell, hidrōsis, sweat.]

Osmium, ōs′mi-um, n. a gray-coloured metal found in platinum ore, the oxide of which has a disagreeable smell.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. osmē, smell, orig. od-mē—ozein, to smell.]

Osmose, os′mōs, n. the tendency of fluids to mix or become equally diffused when in contact, even through an intervening membrane or porous structure—also '.—adj. ', pertaining to, or having, the property of osmose.—adv. . [Gr. ōsmos=ōsis, impulse—ōthein, to push.]

Osmunda, os-mun′da, n. a genus of ferns, the chief species being Osmunda regalis, the royal fern—also called Bog-onion, King-fern, &c.

Osnaburg, oz′na-burg, n. a coarse kind of linen, originally brought from Osnaburg in Germany.

Osprey, os′prā, n. the fish-hawk, a species of eagle very common on the coast of North America. [Corr. from ossifrage, which see.]

Osseous, os′ē-us, adj. bony: composed of, or resembling, bone: of the nature or structure of bone.—ns. ', an ossuary; ', the organic basis of bone; ', a hard substance growing on the inside of a horse's knee; ', a small bone.—adjs. ', producing bone: (geol.) containing bones; '.—n. ', the process or state of being changed into a bony substance.—v.t. ', to make into bone or into a bone-like substance.—v.i. to become bone:—pa.p. —adj. ', devouring or feeding on bones.—ns. ', a cell concerned in the formation of bone; ', an apparatus for fracturing bones; ', a deposited carbonate of lime encrusted on the roots and stems of plants; ', one of the varieties of dentine, resembling bone; ', the formation or growth of bone—also '; '; ', description of bones.—adj. ', like bone: having the appearance of bone.—ns. ', a genus of fossil ganoid fishes peculiar to the Old Red Sandstone, so called from the bony appearance of their scales; ', ', one versed in osteology.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to osteology.—adv. '.—ns. ', the science of the bones, that part of anatomy which treats of the bones; ', a disease in which the earthy salts disappear from the bones, which become soft and misshapen; ', an abnormal bony outgrowth.—adjs. '; '.—ns. ', a plastic operation by which a loss of bone is remedied; ', a tumour composed of intermingled bony and sarcomatous tissue; ' (surg.), a saw-like instrument for cutting bones; ', the division of, or incision into, a bone; ', inflammation of bone. [L. osseus—os, ossis, bone; Gr. osteon, bone.]

Ossianic, os-i-an′ik, adj. pertaining to Ossian or the poems dubiously attributed to him.

Ossifrage, os′i-frāj, n. the sea or bald eagle, common in the United States: (B.) the bearded vulture, the largest of European birds. [L. ossifragus, breaking bones—os, frag, root of frangĕre, fractum, to break.]

Ossuary, os′ū-ar-i, n. a place where the bones of the dead are deposited: a charnel-house. [L. ossuarium, a charnel-house—os, a bone.]

Ostensible, os-tens′i-bl, adj. that may be shown: declared: put forth as real: apparent.—n. '.—adv. '.—adj. ', showing: exhibiting.—adv. '.—ns. ', a monstrance; ' (Shak.), appearance, manner: token: portent, prodigy; ', act of making a display: ambitious display: display to draw attention or admiration: boasting.—adj. ', given to show: fond of self-display: intended for display.—adv. '.—n. '. [L. ostendĕre, ostensum, to show.]

Ostiary, os′ti-ar-i, n. the doorkeeper of a church.

Ostium, os′ti-um, n. an opening: the mouth of a river.—n. ', a small orifice.—adjs. '; , furnished with an ostiole. [L.]

Ostler, os′lėr. Same as Hostler.

Ostmen, ost′men. n.pl. the Danish settlers in Ireland.

Ostracea, os-trā′sē′a, n.pl. the oyster family.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', a fossil oyster; ', the typical genus of the oyster family; ', oyster-culture; '.

Ostracise, os′tra-sīz, v.t. in ancient Greece, to banish by the vote of the people written on an earthenware tablet: to banish from society.—n. , banishment by ostracising: expulsion from society. [Gr. ostrakizein—ostrakon, an earthenware tablet.]

Ostrich, os′trich, n. the largest of birds, found in Africa, remarkable for its speed in running, and prized for its feathers.—n. , a place where ostriches are bred and reared for their feathers. [O. Fr. ostruche (Fr. autruche)—L. avis-, struthio, ostrich—Gr. strouthiōn, an ostrich, strouthos, a bird.]

Ostrogoth, os′trō-goth, n. an eastern Goth: one of the tribe of east Goths who established their power in Italy in 493, and were overthrown in 555.—adj. .

Otacoustic, ot-a-kows′tik, adj. assisting hearing.—n. an instrument to assist hearing—also . [Gr. akoustikos—akouein, to hear—ous, ōtos, ear.]

Otalgia, ō-tal′ji-a, n. earache—also '.—ns. ', descriptive anatomy of the ear; ', a purulent discharge from the ear; ', an instrument for viewing the interior of the ear.

Otary, ō′tar-i, n. a genus of seals with an external ear:—pl. '.—adj. '. [Gr. ōtaros, large-eared—ous, ōtos, ear.]

Other, uth′ėr, adj. and pron. different, not the same: additional: second of two.—adj. '=Othergates.—n. '.—advs. ', elsewhere; ', ', at other times: sometimes; ', in another way or manner: by other causes: in other respects.—conj. else: under other conditions.—Every other, each alternate; Rather ... than otherwise, rather than not; The other day, on some day not long past, quite recently. [A.S. other; cf. Ger. ander, L. alter.]

Othergates, uth′ėr-gātz, adv. (obs.) in another way—also adj. [Other, and gate, way, manner.]

Otic, ō′tik, adj. of or pertaining to the ear.—ns. ', inflammation of the internal ear; ', an auditory vesicle; ', a calcareous concretion within the membranous labyrinth of the ear; ', one skilled in otology; , knowledge of the ear. [Gr. ous, ōtos, ear.]

Otiose, o′shi-ōs, adj. unoccupied: lazy: done in a careless way, perfunctory, futile.—n. , ease, idleness. [L. otiosus—otium, rest.]

Otoscope. See under Otalgia.

Ottava, ot-tä′vä, n. an octave.—Ottava rima, an Italian form of versification consisting of eight lines, the first six rhyming alternately, the last two forming a couplet—used by Byron in Don Juan. [It.]

Otter, ot′ėr, n. a large kind of weasel living entirely on fish. [A.S. otor, oter; cf. Dut. and Ger. otter.]

Otto, ot′o, Ottar, ot′ar (better ), n. a fragrant oil obtained from certain flowers, esp. the rose. [Ar. ‛itr—‛atira, to smell sweetly.]

Ottoman, ot′o-man, adj. pertaining to the Turkish Empire, founded by Othman or Osman about 1299.—n. a Turk (Shak. ): a cushioned seat for several persons sitting with their backs to one another: a low, stuffed seat without a back: a variety of corded silk. [Fr.]

Oubit, ōō′bit, n. a hairy caterpillar. [Prob. the A.S. wibba, a crawling thing.]

Oubliette, ōō-bli-et′, n. a dungeon with no opening but at the top: a secret pit in the floor of a dungeon into which a victim could be precipitated. [Fr.,—oublier, to forget—L. oblivisci.]

Ouch, owch, n. a jewel or ornament, esp. one in the form of a clasp: the socket of a precious stone. [O. Fr. nouche, nosche, from Teut., cf. Old High Ger. nusca, a clasp.]

Oudenarde, ōō′de-närd, n. a kind of decorative tapestry, representing foliage, &c., once made at Oudenarde in Belgium.

Ought, awt, n. (same as Aught) a vulgar corr. of nought.—adv. (Scot.) , at all, in any degree.

Ought, awt, v.i. to be under obligation: to be proper or necessary.—n. , rightness. [A.S. áhte, pa.t. of ágan, to owe.]

Ouistiti, wis′ti-ti, n. a wistit or marmoset.

Ounce, owns, n. the twelfth part of a pound troy=480 grains: 1 &frasl; 16 of a pound avoirdupois=437½ troy grains. [O. Fr. unce—L. uncia, the twelfth part.]

Ounce, owns, n. a carnivorous animal of the cat kind, found in Asia, allied to the leopard—(obs.) Once. [Fr. once, prob. Pers. yúz, a panther.]

Oundy, own′di, adj. wavy: scalloped: (her.) undé.

Ouphe, ōōf, n. (Shak.). Same as Oaf.

Our, owr, adj. and pron. pertaining or belonging to us—prov. Ourn.—prons. Ours, possessive of We; , myself (as a king or queen would say):—pl. Ourselves we, not others: us. [A.S. úre, gen. pl. of wé, we.]

Ourang-outang. Same as Orang-outang.

Ourology, Ouroscopy, &c. See Urology under Urine.

Ousel. See Ouzel.

Oust, owst, v.t. to eject or expel.—n.  (law), ejection: dispossession. [O. Fr. oster (Fr. ôter), to remove; acc. to Diez, from L. haurīre, haustum, to draw (water).]

Out, owt, adv. without, not within: gone forth: abroad: to the full stretch or extent: in a state of discovery, development, &c.: in a state of exhaustion, extinction, &c.: away from the mark: completely: at or to an end: to others, as to hire out: freely: forcibly: at a loss: unsheltered: uncovered.—prep. forth from: outside of: exterior: outlying, remote.—n. one who is out, esp. of office—opp. to In: leave to go out, an outing.—v.i. to go or come out.—interj. away! begone!—n. ', a thoroughgoer, a first-rate fellow.—adjs. ', open-air; , uncommon: singular: secluded.—Out and away, by far; Out and out, thoroughly: completely—also as adj. thorough, complete; Out-at-elbows, worn-out, threadbare; Out of character, unbecoming: improper; Out of course, out of order; Out of date, unfashionable: not now in use; Out of favour, disliked; Out of hand, instantly; Out of joint, not in proper connection: disjointed; Out of one's mind, mad; Out of pocket, having spent more than one has received; Out of print, not to be had for sale, said of books, &c.; Out of sorts, or temper, unhappy: cross-tempered; Out of the common, unusual, pre-eminent; Out of the question, that cannot be at all considered; Out of time, too soon or too late: not keeping time in music; Out with, away with: (Scot.) outside of: say, do, &c., at once. [A.S. úte, út; Goth. ut, Ger. aus, Sans. ud.]

Outask, owt-ask′, v.t. to ask or proclaim, as to be married, in church for the last time.

Outbalance, owt-bal′ans, v.t. to exceed in weight or effect: to outweigh.

Outbar, owt-bär′, v.t. (Spens.) to bar out, esp. to shut out by fortifications.

Outbargain, owt-bär′gin, v.t. to get the better of in a bargain.

Outbid, owt-bid′, v.t. to offer a higher price than another.

Outblush, owt-blush′, v.t. to exceed in rosy colour.

Outbluster, owt-blus′tėr, v.t. to exceed in blustering: to get the better of in this way.

Outbound, owt′bownd, adj. bound for a distant port.

Outbounds, owt′bowndz, n.pl. (Spens.) boundaries.

Outbrag, owt-brag′, v.t. to surpass in bragging or boasting: to surpass in beauty or splendour.

Outbrave, owt-brāv′, v.t. (Shak.) to excel in bravery or boldness, to defy.

Outbreak, owt′brāk, n. a breaking out: eruption: a disturbance of the peace.—v.i. ', to burst forth.—ns. ', a wave which breaks on the shore or on rocks; .

Outbreathe, owt-brēth′, v.t. (Spens.) to breathe out as breath or life: to exhaust or deprive of breath.—v.i. to be breathed out: (Shak.) to expire.

Outbud, owt-bud′, v.i. (Spens.) to sprout forth.

Outbuilding, owt′bild-ing, n. a building separate from, but used in connection with, a dwelling-house or a main building: an outhouse.

Outburn, owt-burn′, v.t. to exceed in burning.—v.i. to burn away.

Outburst, owt′burst, n. a bursting out: an explosion.

Outby, owt′bī, adv. (Scot.) out of doors: (min.) towards the shaft—opp. to Inby.—Also .

Outcast, owt′kast, adj. exiled from home or country: rejected.—n. a person banished: a vagabond: an exile: (Scot.) a quarrel: the amount of increase in bulk of grain in malting.

Outcome, owt′kum, n. the issue: consequence: result.

Outcrafty, owt-kraft′i, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in craft.

Outcrop, owt′krop, n. the appearance, at the surface, of a layer of rock or a vein of metal, caused by tilting or inclination of the strata: the part of a layer which appears at the surface of the ground.—v.i. to appear at the surface.

Outcry, owt′krī, n. a loud cry of distress: a confused noise: a public auction.—v.t. to cry louder than.

Outdare, owt-dār′, v.t. to surpass in daring: to defy.

Outdistance, owt-dis′tans, v.t. to distance, leave far behind in any competition.

Outdo, owt-dōō′, v.t. to surpass: excel.

Outdoor, owt′dōr, adj. outside the door or the house: in the open air.—adv. , out of the house: abroad.—Outdoor relief, help given to a pauper who does not live in the workhouse.

Outdwell, owt-dwel′, v.t. (Shak.) to dwell or stay beyond.—n. , one who owns land in a parish but lives outside it.

Out-edge, owt′-ej, n. the farthest bound.

Outer, owt′ėr, adj. more out or without: external—opp. to Inner.—n. the part of a target outside the rings, a shot striking here.—adj. , most or farthest out: most distant.—Outer bar, the junior barristers who plead outside the bar in court, as distinguished from King's Counsel and others who plead within the bar. [Comp. of out.]

Outface, owt-fās′, v.t. to stare down: to bear down by bravery or impudence: to confront boldly.

Outfall, owt′-fawl, n. the place of discharge of a river, sewer, &c.: (prov.) a quarrel.

Outfield, owt′fēld, n. (Scot.) arable land continually cropped without being manured—opp. to Infield: any open field at a distance from the farm-steading: any undefined district or sphere: at cricket and baseball, the players collectively who occupy the outer part of the field.—n. , one of such players.

Outfit, owt′fit, n. the act of making ready everything required for a journey or a voyage: complete equipment: the articles or the expenses for fitting out: the means for an outfit.—v.t. to fit out, equip.—ns. ', one who furnishes outfits; ', an outfit: equipment for a voyage.

Outflank, owt-flangk′, v.t. to extend the flank of one army beyond that of another: to get the better of.

Outflash, owt-flash′, v.t. to outshine.

Outfling, owt′fling, n. a sharp retort or gibe.

Outflow, owt-flō′, v.i. to flow out.—n. issue.

Outflush, owt′flush, n. any sudden glow of heat.

Outfly, owt-flī′, v.t. to surpass in flying: to fly faster than: to escape by swiftness of flight.

Outfoot, owt-fōōt′, v.i. to outsail.

Outfrown, owt-frown′, v.t. (Shak.) to frown down.

Outgarth, owt′gärth, n. an outer yard or garden.

Outgaze, owt-gāz′, v.t. to stare out of countenance: to gaze farther than.

Outgeneral, owt-jen′ėr-al, v.t. to outdo in generalship: to prove a better general than.

Outgive, owt-giv′, v.t. and v.i. to surpass in liberality.

Outgo, owt-gō′, v.t. to advance before in going: to surpass: to overreach.—v.i. to go out: to come to an end.—ns. , that which goes out: expenditure—opp. to Income; '; ', act or state of going out: extreme limit: expenditure.—adj. departing—opp. to Incoming, as a tenant.

Outgrow, owt-grō′, v.t. to surpass in growth: to grow out of.—n. , that which grows out of a thing: growth to excess.

Outguard, owt′gärd, n. a guard at a distance or at the farthest distance from the main body.

Outgush, owt-gush′, v.i. to issue with force.—n. , a gushing out.

Outhaul, owt′hawl, n. a rope for hauling out the clew of a sail.—Also .

Out-Herod, owt-her′od, v.t. to surpass (Herod) in cruelty: to exceed, esp. in anything bad.

Outhire, owt-hīr′, v.t. to hire or let out.

Outhouse, owt′hows, n. a small building outside a dwelling-house.

Outing, owt′ing, n. the act of going out, or the distance gone out: an excursion or airing.

Outjest, owt-jest′, v.t. (Shak.) to overpower by jesting: to excel in jesting.

Outjet, owt′jet, n. that which projects from anything.—n. , a projection.

Outland, owt′land, n. land beyond the limits of cultivation.—adj. (Tenn.) foreign.—n. ', a foreigner, a person not naturalised.—adj. ', belonging to an out or foreign land: foreign: not according to custom: strange: rustic: rude: vulgar.—adv. '.—n. '.

Outlash, owt′lash, n. any sudden outburst.

Outlast, owt-last′, v.t. to last longer than.

Outlaw, owt′law, n. one deprived of the protection of the law: a robber or bandit.—v.t. to place beyond the law: to deprive of the benefit of the law: to proscribe.—n. , the act of putting a man out of the protection of the law: state of being an outlaw. [A.S. útlaga; cf. Ice. útlági—út, out, lög, law.]

Outlay, owt′lā, n. that which is laid out: expenditure.—v.t. to lay out to view.

Outleap, owt′lēp, n. a sally, flight.

Outlearn, owt-lėrn′, v.t. to learn: to excel in learning: to get beyond the instruction of.

Outlet, owt′let, n. the place or means by which anything is let out: the passage outward, vent.

Outlier, owt′lī-ėr, n. (geol.) a portion of a stratum: anything, as detached from the principal mass, and lying some distance from it.—v.t. , to beat in lying.—v.i. to live in the open air.

Outline, owt′līn, n. the outer line: the lines by which any figure is bounded: a sketch showing only the main lines: a draft: a set-line in fishing.—v.t. to draw the exterior line of: to delineate or sketch.—adj. , like an outline.

Outlive, owt-liv′, v.t. to live longer than: to survive.—n. .

Outlodging, owt′loj-ing, n. a lodging outside a college bounds at Oxford and Cambridge.

Outlook, owt′lōōk, n. vigilant watch: view obtained by looking out: prospect, or (fig.) one's prospects: a watch-tower.—v.t. to face courageously.

Outlustre, owt-lus′tėr, v.t. to excel in brightness.

Outlying, owt′lī-ing, adj. lying out or beyond: remote: on the exterior or frontier: detached.

Outman, owt-man′, v.t. to outdo in manliness: to outnumber in men.

Outmanœuvre, owt-ma-nū′vėr, v.t. to surpass in manœuvring.

Outmantle, owt-man′tl, v.t. to excel in dress or ornament.

Outmarch, owt-märch′, v.t. to march faster than: to leave behind by marching.

Outmate, owt-māt′, v.t. to outmatch.

Outmeasure, owt-mezh′ūr, v.t. to exceed in extent.

Outmost, owt′mōst. Same as Outermost.

Outmove, owt-mōōv′, v.t. to move faster than.

Outname, owt-nām′, v.t. to surpass in name, reputation, or importance.

Outness, owt′nes, n. state of being out, externality to the perceiving mind, objectiveness.

Outnumber, owt-num′bėr, v.t. to exceed in number.

Outpace, owt-pās′, v.t. to walk faster than.

Out-paramour, owt-par′a-mōōr, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in number of mistresses.

Outparish, owt′par-ish, n. a rural parish, as distinguished from an urban one.

Outpart, owt′part, n. a part remote from the centre.

Outpassion, owt-pash′un, v.t. (Tenn.) to go beyond in passionateness.

Outpatient, owt′pā-shent, n. a patient who receives aid from a hospital, but lives outside of it.

Outpeer, owt-pēr′, v.t. (Shak.) to surpass or excel.

Out-pensioner, owt′-pen′shun-ėr, n. a non-resident pensioner.

Outport, owt′pōrt, n. a port out of or remote from the chief port: a place of export.

Outpost, owt′pōst, n. a post or station beyond the main body of an army: the troops placed there.

Outpour, owt-pōr′, v.t. to pour out: to send out in a stream.—ns. '; '; , a pouring out: an abundant supply.

Outpower, owt-pow′ėr, v.t. to surpass in power.

Outpray, owt-prā′, v.t. to exceed in earnestness of prayer.

Outprize, owt-prīz′, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in the value set upon it.

Output, owt′pōōt, n. the quantity of metal made by a smelting furnace, or of coal taken from a pit, within a certain time, production generally.

Outquarters, owt-kwär′tėrz, n.pl. quarters situated away from headquarters.

Outquench, owt-kwensh′, v.t. (Spens.) to extinguish.