Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Intricate Ixtle

Intricate, in′tri-kāt, adj. involved: entangled: perplexed.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [L. intricātus—in, in, tricāre, to make difficulties—tricæ, hinderances.]

Intrigue, in-trēg′, n. a complex plot: a private or party scheme: the plot of a play or romance: secret illicit love.—v.i. to form a plot or scheme: to carry on illicit love:—pr.p. pa.p. —ns. ', ', one who intrigues, or pursues an object by secret artifices. [Fr. intriguer—intricāre. See Intricate.]

Intrinse, in-trins′, adj. (Shak.) intricate.

Intrinsic, -al, in-trin′sik, -al, p.adj. inward: genuine: inherent: essential, belonging to the point at issue: (anat.) applied to those muscles of the limbs entirely contained within the anatomical limits of the limb.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. , the quality of being intrinsical: genuineness. [Fr.,—L. intrinsecus—intra, within, secus, following.]

Intrinsicate, in-trins′i-kāt, adj. (Shak.) intricate.

Introcession, in-tro-sesh′un, n. (med.) a sinking of any part inwards: depression. [L. intro, inwardly, cedĕre, cessum, to go.]

Introduce, in-tro-dūs′, v.t. to lead or bring in: to conduct into a place: formally to make known or acquainted: to bring into notice or practice: to commence: to preface.—n. ', act of conducting into: act of making persons known to each other: act of bringing into notice or practice: preliminary matter to the main thoughts of a book: (mus.) a kind of preface or prelude to a following movement: a treatise introductory to a science or course of study.—adjs. ', ', serving to introduce: preliminary: prefatory.—adv. '. [L. introducĕre, -ductum—intro, within, ducĕre, to lead.]

Introit, in-trō′it, n. an anthem sung at the beginning of the mass, immediately after the Confiteor, and when the priest has ascended to the altar. [L. introitus—introīre—intro, within, īre, itum, to go.]

Intromit, in-tro-mit′, v.t. to send within: to admit: to permit to enter.—v.i. to interfere with the effects of another:—pr.p. pa.p. —ns. ', sending within or into: (Scots law) the assumption of authority to deal with another's property—legal, where the party is expressly or impliedly authorised, either by judgment or deed, to interfere, as by drawing the rents or getting in debts—vicious, where an heir or next of kin, without any authority, interferes with a deceased person's estate; ', one who intromits. [L. intro, within, mittĕre, missum, to send.]

Introrse, in-trors′, adj. turned or facing inward.—adv. . [L. introrsus, toward the middle.]

Introspect, in-tro-spekt′, v.t. to look into anything.—v.i. to practise introspection.—ns. ', a sight of the inside or interior: the act of directly observing the processes of one's own mind, self-examination; '.—adj. . [L. intro, within, specĕre, to see.]

Introsusception, in-tro-su-sep′shun, n. the act of taking in, as nourishment. [L. intro, within, susception-em, suscipĕre.]

Introvert, in-tro-vėrt′, v.t. to turn inward.—n. anything introverted.—n. '.—adj. '. [L. intro, within, vertĕre, to turn.]

Intrude, in-trōōd′, v.i. to thrust one's self in: to enter uninvited or unwelcome.—v.t. to force in.—ns. '; ', act of intruding or of entering into a place without welcome or invitation: encroachment: a pushing in, an abnormal irruption, esp. in geology, of such rocks as have come up from below into another rock or series of beds; , one who intrudes, esp. one of those who, before the Scotch Disruption of 1843, refused a parish the right of objecting to the settlement of an obnoxious minister by a patron:—opp. to Non-intrusionist.—adj. ', tending or apt to intrude: entering without welcome or right.—adv. '.—n. . [L. in, in, trudĕre, trusum, to thrust.]

Intrust. See Entrust.

Intuition, in-tū-ish′un, n. the power of the mind by which it immediately perceives the truth of things without reasoning or analysis: a truth so perceived, immediate knowledge in contrast with mediate.—v.t. and v.i. ', to know intuitively.—adj. '.—ns. ', the doctrine that the perception of truth is by intuition; '.—adj. ', perceived or perceiving by intuition: received or known by simple inspection.—adv. '.—n. . [L. in, into or upon, tuēri, tuitus, to look.]

Intumescence, in-tū-mes′ens, n. the action of swelling: a swelling: a tumid state.—v.i. , to swell up. [Fr.,—L. in, in, tumēre, to swell.]

Inturbidate, in-tur′bi-dāt, v.t. to render turbid. [L. in, in, turbidāre, -ātum, to trouble.]

Intuse, in′tūs, n. (Spens.) a bruise. [L. in, in, tundĕre, tusum, to bruise.]

Intussusception, in-tus-su-sep′shun, n. the partial displacement of the bowel in which one portion of it passes into the portion immediately adjacent to it—also called Invagination.—v.t. ', to take into the interior.—adjs. '; . [L. intus, within, susception-em—suscipĕre, to take up.]

Intwine, in-twīn′. Same as Entwine.

Intwist, in-twist′. Same as Entwist.

Inulin, in′ū-lin, n. a starch-like product used in medicine, obtained principally from the roots of the plant Inula or Elecampane. [Prob. Gr. helenion.]

Inumbrate, in-um′brāt, v.t. to cast a shadow upon: to shade. [L. inumbrāre, -ātum—in, in, umbrāre, to shade—umbra, a shadow.]

Inunction, in-ungk′shun, n. the act of anointing, the process of rubbing into the skin, as an ointment or liniment.—n. , absence of oiliness.

Inundate, in-un′dāt, or in′-, v.t. to flow upon or over in waves (said of water): to flood: to fill with an overflowing abundance.—adj. ', overflowing.—n. ', act of inundating: a flood: an overflowing. [L.,—inundāre, -ātum—in, in, undāre, to rise in waves—unda, a wave.]

Inurbane, in-ur-bān′, adj. not urbane, unpolished.—adv. '.—n. '.

Inure, in-ūr′, v.t. to use or practise habitually: to accustom: to harden.—v.i. (law) to come into use or effect: to serve to the use or benefit of.—n. , act of inuring: practice. [From in and ure—O. Fr. eure (Fr. œuvre, work)—L. opera, work; the same word ure is found in manure (q.v.).]

Inurn, in-urn′, v.t. to place in an urn: to entomb.

Inusitation, in-ū-zi-tā′shun, n. (obs.) disuse.

Inutility, in-ū-til′i-ti, n. want of utility: uselessness: unprofitableness: something useless.

Inutterable, in-ut′ėr-a-bl, adj. not to be uttered.

Invade, in-vād′, v.t. to enter a country as an enemy: to attack: to encroach upon: to violate: to seize or fall upon.—ns. '; ', the act of invading: an attack: an incursion: an attack on the rights of another: an encroachment: a violation.—adj. , making invasion: aggressive: infringing another's rights. [Fr.,—L. invadĕre, invasum—in, in, vadĕre, to go.]

Invagination, in-vaj-i-nā′shun, n. intussusception. [L. in, not, vagina, a sheath.]

Invalid, in-val′id, adj. without value, weight, or cogency: having no effect: void: null.—adj. ', deficient in health, sick, weak.—n. one who is weak: a sickly person: one disabled for active service, esp. a soldier or sailor.—v.t. to make invalid or affect with disease: to enrol on the list of invalids.—v.t. ', to render invalid: to weaken or destroy the force of.—ns. '; ', '; ', the return home, or to a more healthy climate, of soldiers or sailors who have been rendered incapable of active duty by wounds or the severity of foreign service; ', ', want of cogency: want of force.

Invaluable, in-val′ū-a-bl, adj. that cannot be valued: priceless.—adv. .

Invariable, in-vā′ri-a-bl, adj. not variable: without variation or change: unalterable: constantly in the same state.—ns. ', ', the quality of being invariable or unchangeable.—adv. .

Invasion. See Invade.

Invecked, in-vekt′, adj. invected.

Invected, in-vek′ted, adj. (her.) having a border-line of small convex or outer curves:—opp. to Engrailed, of a line, or the edge of a bearing. [L. invectus, invehĕre, to enter.]

Invective, in-vek′tiv, n. a severe or reproachful accusation brought against any one: an attack with words: a violent utterance of censure: sarcasm, or satire.—adj. railing: abusive: satirical.—adv. , by invective: satirically: sarcastically. [See Inveigh.]

Inveigh, in-vā′, v.i. to attack with words: to rail against: to revile. [L. invehĕre, invectum—in, in, vehĕre, to carry.]

Inveigle, in-vē′gl, v.t. to entice: to seduce: to wheedle.—ns. ', an enticing: an enticement—older forms ', '; '. [Ety. dub.; prob. a corr. of O. Fr. enveogler (Fr. aveugle, blind)—L. ab, without, oculus, the eye.]

Invendible, in-ven′di-bl, adj. not vendible.—n. .

Invent, in-vent′, v.t. to devise or contrive: to make: to frame: to fabricate: to forge.—adj. '.—n. ', that which is invented: contrivance: a deceit: power or faculty of inventing: ability displayed by any invention or effort of the imagination.—adj. ', able to invent: ready in contrivance.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', ', one who invents or finds out something new:—fem. '.—Invention of the Cross, a festival observed on May 3, in commemoration of the alleged discovery of the true cross at Jerusalem in 326 by Helena, mother of Constantine the Great. [Fr.,—L. invenīre, inventum—in, upon, venīre, to come.]

Inventory, in′ven-tor-i, n. a list or schedule of articles comprised in an estate, describing each article separately and precisely so as to show of what the estate consists.—v.t. to make an inventory of.—adj. '.—adv. '. [Fr. inventaire—L. inventarium, a list of things found.]

Inverness-cape, in-vėr-nes′-kāp, n. a form of overcoat with cape or tippet—named from Inverness.

Inverse, in-vėrs′, adj. inverted: in the reverse or contrary order: opposite, inverted—opp. to Direct: (math.) opposite in effect, of one operation that annuls the effect of another, as subtraction to addition, &c.—n. an inverted state, a direct opposite.—adv. '.—n. ', the act of inverting: the state of being inverted: a change of order or position.—adj. .

Invert, in-vėrt′, v.t. to turn in or about: to turn upside down: to reverse: to change the customary order or position.—n. (archit.) an inverted arch or vault, as the floor of a sewer, &c.—adj. ', turned upside down: reversed: (geol.) denoting strata that appear to have been reversed or folded back by upheaval.—adv. ', in an inverted or contrary manner.—Inverted arch, an arch with its curve turned downwards, as in a sewer. [L. invertĕre, inversum—in, in, vertĕre, to turn.]

Invertebral, in-vėrt′e-bral, Invertebrate, adj. without a vertebral column or backbone: weak, irresolute.—n.pl. ', a collective name for those animals which agree in not exhibiting the characteristics of vertebrates.—n. ', an animal destitute of a skull and vertebral column.

Invest, in-vest′, v.t. to put vesture on, to dress: to confer or give: to place in office or authority: to adorn: to surround: to block up: to lay siege to: to place: as property in business: to lay out money on.—adj. '.—ns. ', in feudal and ecclesiastical history, the act of giving corporal possession of a manor, office, or benefice, accompanied by a certain ceremonial, such as the delivery of a branch, a banner, &c., to signify the authority which it is supposed to convey; ', the act of investing: a blockade: the act of surrounding or besieging: laying out money on: any placing of money to secure income or profit: that in which anything is invested: (Shak.) clothing; ', one who invests. [L. investīre, -ītum—in, on, vestīre, to clothe.]

Investigate, in-vest′i-gāt, v.t. to search into: to inquire into with care and accuracy.—adj. ', able to be investigated.—n. ', act of examining into: research: study.—adjs. ', ', promoting or given to investigation.—n. , one who investigates. [L. investigāre, -ātum—in, in, vestigāre, to track.]

Inveterate, in-vet′ėr-āt, adj. firmly established by long continuance: deep-rooted, confirmed in any habit: violent.—adv. '.—ns. ', , firmness produced by long use or continuance. [L. inveterāre, -ātum, to grow old—in, in, vetus, veteris, old.]

Invexed, in-vekst′, adj. (her.) shaped in a curve.

Invidious, in-vid′i-us, adj. likely to incur or provoke ill-will: likely to excite envy, enviable: offensively discriminating.—adv. '.—n. '. [L. invidiosus—invidia, envy.]

Invigorate, in-vig′or-āt, v.t. to give vigour to: to strengthen: to animate.—ns. ', the act or state of being invigorated; ', something that invigorates.

Invincible, in-vin′si-bl, adj. that cannot be overcome: insuperable.—ns. ', '.—adv. .—Invincible ignorance (see Ignorance).—The Invincible Doctor, William of Occam (c. 1280-1349).

Inviolable, in-vī′ōl-a-bl, adj. that cannot be profaned: that cannot be injured.—ns. ', ', the quality of being inviolable.—adv. '.—adjs. ', ', not violated: unprofaned: uninjured.—adv. ', without violation.—n. , the quality of being inviolate.

Invious, in′vi-us, adj. (rare) impassable. [L.]

Invisible, in-viz′i-bl, adj. not visible or capable of being seen—(Shak.) '.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—Invisible Church (see Visible); Invisible green, a shade of green so dark as to be almost black; Invisible ink (see Ink).

Invite, in-vīt′, v.t. to ask: to summon: to allure: to attract.—v.i. to ask in invitation.—n. ', the act of inviting: an asking or solicitation, the written or verbal form with which a person is invited: the brief exhortation introducing the confession in the Anglican communion-office.—adj. ', using or containing invitation.—n. a form of invitation in worship, esp. the antiphon to the Venite or 95th Psalm.—ns. ' (Lamb), allurement, temptation; '.—p.adj. ', alluring: attractive.—n. (Shak.) invitation.—adv. ', in an inviting manner.—n. , attractiveness. [Fr.,—L. invitāre, -ātum.]

Invitrifiable, in-vit′ri-fī-a-bl, adj. not vitrifiable.

Invocate, in′vo-kāt, v.t. to invoke or call on solemnly or with prayer; to implore.—n. ', the act or the form of invocating or addressing in prayer or supplication: a call or summons, especially a judicial order: any formal invoking of the blessing of God, esp. an opening prayer in a public religious service, and the petitions in the Litany addressed to God in each person and in the Trinity.—adj. ', that invokes: making invocation. [See Invoke.]

Invoice, in′vois, n. a letter of advice of the despatch of goods, with particulars of their price and quantity.—v.t. to make an invoice of. [Prob. a corr. of envois, pl. of Fr. envoi.]

Invoke, in-vōk′, v.t. to call upon earnestly or solemnly: to implore assistance: to address in prayer. [Fr.,—L. invocāre, -ātum—in, on, vocāre, to call.]

Involucre, in-vol-ū′kėr, n. (bot.) a group of bracts in the form of a whorl around an expanded flower or umbel—also '.—ns. ', ', a secondary involucre.—adjs. ', ', having an involucre.—n. '. [L. involucrum—involvĕre, to involve.]

Involuntary, in-vol′un-tar-i, adj. not voluntary: not having the power of will or choice: not done willingly: not chosen.—adv. '.—n. '.

Involute, in′vo-lūt, n. that which is involved or rolled inward: a curve traced by the end of a string unwinding itself from another curve.—adjs. ', ' (bot.), rolled spirally inward: turned inward, of shells.—n. , the action of involving: state of being involved or entangled: complicated grammatical construction: (arith.) act or process of raising a quantity to any given power. [See Involve.]

Involve, in-volv′, v.t. to wrap up: to envelop: to implicate: to include: to complicate: to overwhelm: to catch: (arith.) to multiply a quantity into itself any given number of times.—n. , act of involving: state of being involved or entangled. [Fr.—L. involvĕre—in, upon, volvĕre, volūtum, to roll.]

Invulnerable, in-vul′nėr-a-bl, adj. that cannot be wounded.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Invultuation, in-vul-tū-ā′shun, n. the act of piercing a wax or clay image of a person that he may suffer torture and die—one of the commonest methods of witchcraft. [Low L. invultuation-em—invultare, to stab the face of—L. in, in, vultus, the face.]

Inwall. See Enwall.

Inward, in′ward, adj. placed or being within: internal: seated in the mind or soul, not perceptible to the senses, as the 'inward part' of a sacrament: (B.) intimate.—n.pl. (B.) the intestines.—adv. toward the inside: toward the interior: into the mind or thoughts.—adv. ', in the parts within: in the heart: privately: toward the centre.—n. ', internal state: inner meaning or significance: (Shak.) intimacy, familiarity.—adv. , same as Inward. [A.S. inneweard (adv.).]

Inweave, in-wēv′, v.t. to weave into: to complicate.

Inwick, in′wik, n. in curling, a stroke in which the stone rebounds from the inside edge of another stone, and then slides close to the tee.

Inwit, in′wit, n. inward knowledge, conscience.

Inwork, in-wurk′, v.t. and v.i. to work in or into.—n. ', energy exerted inwardly.—p.adj. ', wrought in or among other things: adorned with figures.

Inworn, in-wōrn′, adj. worn or worked into, inwrought.

Inwrap=Enwrap.

Inwreathe=Enwreathe.

Io, ī′ō, n. an exclamation of joy or triumph. [L.]

Iodal, ī′ō-dal, adj. n. an oily liquid compound with properties like chloral, obtained by treating iodine with alcohol and nitric acid.

Iodine, ī′o-din, n. one of the four non-metallic elements, so named from the violet colour of its vapour.—n. ', a combination of iodic acid with a salifiable base.—adj. ', containing iodine.—n. ', a binary compound of iodine.—adj. ', yielding iodine.—n. ', a morbid condition due to iodine.—v.t. ', to treat with iodine: to impregnate with iodine, as collodion.—n. ', a lemon-yellow crystalline substance, having a saffron-like odour and an unpleasant iodine-like taste.—adj. ' (chem.), measured by iodine.—ns. ', ', a compound of iodine with a simple base; , a yellowish mineral composed of iodine and silver. [Gr. ioeidēs, violet-coloured—ion, a violet, eidos, form.]

Iolite, ī′o-līt, n. a transparent gem which presents a violet-blue colour when looked at in a certain direction. [Gr. ion, violet, lithos, stone.]

Ion, ī′on, n. one of the components into which an electrolyte is broken up on electrolysis—the Anion, the electro-negative component, chemically attacking the anode, and the Cation, the electro-positive component, the cathode. [Gr. iōn, pr.p. of ienai, to go.]

Ionic, ī-on′ik, adj. relating to Ionia in Greece: denoting an order in architecture distinguished by the ram's-horn volute of its capital—also '.—vs.t. ', '.—ns. '; .—Ionic dialect, the most important of the three main branches of the ancient Greek language (Ionic, Doric, Æolic), marked by greater softness and smoothness, the effect of its rich vowel system. Homer's Iliad is written in Old, the history of Herodotus in New Ionic: the Attic of Thucydides and Sophocles is its later form; Ionic mode (see Mode); Ionic school, a name given to the representative philosophers of the Ionian Greeks, such as Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, who debated the question what was the primordial constitutive principle of the cosmical universe.

Iota, ī-ō′ta, n. a jot: a very small quantity or degree.—ns. ', ', the conversion of other vowel sounds into that of iota (Eng. ē), as in modern Gr. of, , , , , ; . [Gr., the smallest letter in the alphabet, corresponding to the English i.]

I O U, ī′ō′ū′, n. a memorandum of debt given by a borrower to a lender, requiring no stamp, but to be holograph, dated, and addressed to some person.

Ipecacuanha, ip-e-kak-ū-an′a, n. the name both of a very valuable medicine and of the plant whose root produces it—used as an emetic. [Brazilian, 'smaller roadside sick-making plant.']

Ipomæa, ip-ō-mē′a, n. a genus of nat. ord. Convolvulaceæ. [Gr. ips, a worm, homoios, like.]

Iracund, ī′ra-kund, adj. (Carlyle) angry. [L.]

Irade, i-rä′de, n. a written decree of the Sultan of Turkey.

Iranian, ī-rān′i-an, adj. and n. of or pertaining to Iran, Persia: a branch of the Indo-European or Aryan tongues, including Persian, Zend, Pehlevi, and Parsi: an inhabitant of Iran.—Also .

Irascible, ī-ras′i-bl, adj. susceptible of ire or anger: easily provoked: irritable.—n. '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. irascibilis—irasci, to be angry—ira, anger.]

Ire, īr, n. anger: rage: keen resentment.—adjs. Irate or  enraged: angry; ', full of ire or wrath: resentful.—adv. '.—n. . [L. ira, anger, irasci, irātus, to be angry.]

Irenic, ī-ren′ik, adj. tending to create peace: pacific—also '.—n. ', a proposition or scheme for peace: the deacon's litany at the beginning of the Greek liturgy—from its opening petitions for peace.—n.pl. irenical theology:—opp. to Polemics. [See Eirenicon.]

Iricism. See Irish.

Irideæ, ī-rid′e-ē, n.pl. a natural order of endogenous plants, with fleshy root-stocks and showy flowers.—Also . [Gr. iris, a rainbow.]

Iridium, ī-rid′i-um, n. the most infusible, and one of the heaviest, of the metals, found associated with the ore of platinum, so called from the iridescence of some of its solutions.—n. , a native compound of iridium and osmium, used for pointing gold pens. [Gr. iris, iridos, the rainbow.]

Iris, ī′ris, n. the rainbow: an appearance resembling the rainbow: the contractile curtain perforated by the pupil, and forming the coloured part of the eye (also '): the fleur-de-lis, or flagflower:—pl. '.—adjs. ', ', exhibiting the colours of the iris or rainbow: prismatic.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', coloured like the iris or rainbow; ', iridescent.—v.t. '.—adjs. ', rainbow-coloured; ', showing colours like the rainbow.—ns. ', , inflammation of the iris of the eye. [L. iris, iridis—Gr. iris, iridos, the rainbow.]

Iriscope, ī′ri-skōp, n. an instrument for exhibiting the prismatic colours. [Gr. iris, the rainbow, skopein, to see.]

Irish, ī′rish, adj. relating to or produced in Ireland.—n. language of the Irish, a form of Celtic: (pl.) the natives or inhabitants of Ireland.—ns. ', ', a phrase or idiom peculiar to the Irish.—n.pl. , the people of Ireland.—Irish moss, carrageen; Irish stew, a palatable dish of mutton, onions, and potatoes, seasoned, and stewed in water mixed with flour.

Irk, ėrk, v.t. to weary: to trouble: to distress (now used only impersonally).—adj. ', causing uneasiness: tedious: unpleasant.—adv. '.—n. . [M. E. irken—Scand., Sw. yrka, to urge; prob. cog. with L. urgēre.]

Iron, ī′urn, n. the most common and useful of the metals: an instrument or utensil made of iron, as a hand-harpoon, &c.: a golf-club with an iron head, more set back than the cleek: strength: (pl.) fetters: chains.—adj. formed of iron: resembling iron: rude: stern: fast-binding: not to be broken: robust: dull of understanding.—v.t. to smooth with a smoothing-iron: to arm with iron: to fetter.—adjs. ', bound with iron: rugged, as a coast; '; ', clad in iron: covered or protected with iron.—n. a vessel defended by iron plates.—ns. ', a yellowish clay containing a large quantity of iron ore; ', one who irons; ', ferruginous quartz; ', one who founds or makes castings in iron; ', a place where iron is founded or cast.—adj. ', of a gray colour, like that of iron freshly cut or broken.—n. this colour.—adjs. ', having hands hard as iron; ', having a heart hard as iron: cruel.—ns. ', the piece of metal heated in the fire for a laundress's box-iron; ', the act of smoothing with hot irons; ', a smooth board covered with cloth, on which clothes are laid for ironing; ', a machine for hotpressing cloth, hats, &c.; ', iron acetate, a dyers' mordant; ', a master or proprietor of ironworks; ', a dealer in articles made of iron; ', a general name for articles made of iron: hardware; ', the spot left on wet cloth after touching rusty iron; ', sand containing particles of iron ore: steel filings used in fireworks.—adj. ' (naut.), having the iron bolts and spikes much corroded.—n. ', a man of iron resolution: (pl.) a name given to Cromwell's irresistible horse.—adj. ', having a side of, or as hard as, iron: rough: hardy.—ns. ', a worker in iron; ', a term usually applied to any ore yielding iron; ', wares or goods of iron.—adj. ' (Shak.), unfeeling, insensible.—n. ', applied to the timber of various trees on account of their hardness.—adj. ' (Tenn.), in words as strong as iron.—n. ', the parts of a building, &c., made of iron: anything of iron: a furnace where iron is smelted, or a foundry, &c., where it is made into heavy work.—adj. ', made, consisting, or partaking of iron: like iron: hard.—ns. ', a compound of iron and carbon, obtained directly from iron ore by smelting; ', an instrument for fluting linen or lace.—Iron age, an archæological term indicating the condition as to civilisation and culture of a people using iron as the material for their cutting tools and weapons: a period of cruel tyranny; Iron bark tree, a name given in Australia to certain species of Eucalyptus (q.v.); Iron crown, the ancient crown of Lombardy, so named from a thin band of iron said to be made from one of the nails of the Cross; Iron entered into his soul, the bitterest pang of grief has touched his heart.—Bessemer iron, pig-iron suitable for making Bessemer steel.—Have too many irons in the fire, to be trying to do too many things at once; In irons, having fetters on; Rule with a rod of iron, to rule with stern severity. [A.S. iren; Ger. eisen.]

Irony, ī′run-i, n. a mode of speech which enables the speaker to convey his meaning with greater force by means of a contrast between the thought which he evidently designs to express and that which his words properly signify: satire.—adj. ', meaning the opposite of what is expressed: satirical.—adv. '.—The irony of fate, the perverse malignity of fate. [Fr.,—L. ironia, Gr. eirōneia, dissimulation—eirōn, a dissembler—eirein, to talk.]

Irradiate, ir-rā′di-āt, v.t. to dart rays of light upon or into: to adorn with lustre: to decorate with shining ornaments: to animate with light or heat: to illuminate the understanding.—v.i. to emit rays: to shine.—adj. adorned with rays of light or with lustre.—ns. ', ', the throwing of rays of light on (any object): that which irradiates or is irradiated: beams of light emitted: splendour.—adj. ', irradiating or shedding beams of light.—n. ', act of irradiating or emitting beams of light: that which is irradiated: brightness: intellectual light.—adj. .

Irradicate, i-rad′i-kāt, v.t. to fix firmly.

Irrational, ir-rash′un-al, adj. void of reason or understanding: absurd.—n. '.—adv. '.—Irrational numbers, a term applied to those roots of numbers which cannot be accurately expressed by a finite number of figures—e.g. √2 is an irrational number.

Irrealisable, ir-rē′a-lī-za-bl, adj. not realisable.

Irrebuttable, ir-re-but′a-bl, adj. not to be rebutted.

Irreceptive, ir-re-sep′tiv, adj. not receptive.

Irreciprocal, ir-re-sip′ro-kal, adj. not reciprocal.

Irreclaimable, ir-re-klām′a-bl, adj. that cannot be reclaimed or reformed: incorrigible.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irrecognisable, ir-rek′og-nīz-a-bl, adj. that cannot be recognised.—n. , lack of recognition.

Irreconcilable, ir-rek-on-sīl′a-bl, adj. incapable of being brought back to a state of friendship: inconsistent.—ns. ', ', incapability of being reconciled.—adv. '.—adj. ', not reconciled or brought into harmony.—n. .

Irrecoverable, ir-re-kuv′ėr-a-bl, adj. irretrievable.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irredeemable, ir-re-dēm′a-bl, adj. not redeemable: not subject to be paid at the nominal value.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Irredentist, ir-e-den′tist, n. one of an Italian party formed in 1878, its aim to incorporate into Italy all Italian people politically belonging to other countries, as in the Tyrol, Nice, &c.—n. , the programme of the Irredentist party. [It. irredentista—irredenta (Italia), 'unredeemed'—L. in, not, redemptus, redimĕre, to redeem.]

Irreducible, ir-re-dūs′i-bl, adj. that cannot be reduced or brought from one degree, form, or state to another: not to be reduced by manipulation, as a hernia, &c.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. ', '.

Irreflective, ir-re-flekt′iv, adj. not reflective.—n. .

Irreformable, ir-re-for′ma-bl, adj. not reformable, not subject to revision or improvement.

Irrefragable, ir-ref′ra-ga-bl, adj. that cannot be refuted: unanswerable.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—n. '.—adj. Irrefrangible not to be broken.—adv. .—The Irrefragable Doctor, Alexander Hales (died 1245). [Fr.,—L. in, not, re, backwards, frangĕre, to break.]

Irrefutable, ir-re-fūt′a-bl, or ir-ref′ū-ta-bl, adj. that cannot be refuted.—adv.  (also

Irregular, ir-reg′ū-lar, adj. not according to rule: unnatural: unsystematic: vicious: (gram.) departing from the ordinary rules in its inflection: variable: not symmetrical, without regular form—(Shak.) '.—n. a soldier not in regular service.—n. ', state of being irregular: deviation from a straight line, or from rule: departure from method or order: vice.—adv. .

Irrelative, ir-rel′a-tiv, adj. not relative.—adj. '.—n. '.—adv. .

Irrelevant, ir-rel′e-vant, adj. not relevant.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irreligious, ir-re-lij′us, adj. destitute of religion: ungodly.—adv. '.—ns. ', , want of religion.

Irremeable, ir-rē′me-a-bl, adj. (Pope) not admitting of return. [L. in, not, remeabilis, remeāre—re, back, meāre, to go, come.]

Irremediable, ir-re-mē′di-a-bl, adj. that cannot be remedied or redressed.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irremissible, ir-re-mis′i-bl, adj. not to be remitted or forgiven.—ns. ', '.—adj. .

Irremovable, ir-re-mōōv′a-bl, adj. not removable: steadfast.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Irrenowned, ir-re-nownd′, adj. (Spens.) not renowned.

Irreparable, ir-rep′ar-a-bl, adj. that cannot be repaired or rectified.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Irrepealable, ir-re-pēl′a-bl, adj. that cannot be repealed or annulled.—adv. .

Irreplaceable, ir-re-plās′a-bl, adj. that cannot be replaced.

Irreprehensible, ir-rep-re-hens′i-bl, adj. that cannot be blamed.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irrepressible, ir-re-pres′i-bl, adj. not to be restrained.—adv. .

Irreproachable, ir-re-prōch′a-bl, adj. free from blame: upright: innocent.—n. ', freedom from blame.—adv. '.

Irreproducible, ir-re-pro-dūs′i-bl, adj. that cannot be reproduced.

Irreprovable, ir-re-prōōv′a-bl, adj. blameless.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irresistance, ir-re-zist′ans, n. want of resistance: passive submission.—adj. ', not to be opposed with success.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.

Irresoluble, ir-rez′ol-ū-bl, adj. that cannot be resolved into parts: indissoluble: that cannot be released.

Irresolute, ir-rez′o-lūt, adj. not firm in purpose.—adv. '.—ns. ', , want of resolution.

Irresolvable, ir-re-zolv′-a-bl, adj. that cannot be resolved.—ns. ', '.

Irrespective, ir-re-spek′tiv, adj. not having regard to (with of).—adv. .

Irresponsible, ir-re-spons′i-bl, adj. not responsible (with for).—n. '.—adv. '.—adj. '.—n. '.

Irrestrainable, ir-re-strān′a-bl, adj. not restrainable.

Irresuscitable, ir-re-sus′i-ta-bl, adj. incapable of being resuscitated or revived.—adv. .

Irretention, ir-re-ten′shun, n. absence of retention or power to retain.—adj. .

Irretrievable, ir-re-trēv′a-bl, adj. not to be recovered.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irreverent, ir-rev′ėr-ent, adj. not reverent: proceeding from irreverence.—n. ', want of reverence or veneration: want of due regard for the character and authority of the Supreme Being.—adj. '.—adv. .

Irreversible, ir-re-vėrs′i-bl, adj. not reversible: that cannot be recalled or annulled.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Irrevocable, ir-rev′o-ka-bl, adj. that cannot be recalled.—n. '.—adv. '.

Irrigate, ir′i-gāt, v.t. to water: to wet or moisten: to cause water to flow upon.—adj. ', capable of being irrigated.—ns. ', a method of producing or increasing fertility in soils by an artificial supply of water, or by inundating them at stated periods: act of watering, esp. of watering lands artificially; ', one who, or that which, irrigates: an appliance for washing a wound, &c.—adj. ', watered: wet. [L. irrigāre, -ātum—in, upon, rigāre, to wet; cf. Ger. regen, Eng. rain.]

Irrision, ir-rizh′un, n. act of laughing at another. [Fr.,—L. irrision-em—in, against, ridēre, risum, to laugh.]

Irritate, ir′i-tāt, v.t. to make angry: to provoke: to excite heat and redness in: (Scots law) to render null and void.—n. ', the quality of being easily irritated: the peculiar susceptibility to stimuli possessed by the living tissues.—adj. ', that may be irritated: easily provoked: (med.) susceptible of excitement or irritation.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. ', the state of being irritant: a becoming null and void.—adj. ', irritating.—n. that which causes irritation.—n. ', act of irritating or exciting: excitement: (med.) the term applied to any morbid excitement of the vital actions not amounting to inflammation, often, but not always, leading to that condition.—adjs. ', , tending to irritate or excite: accompanied with or caused by irritation. [L. irritāre, -ātum, prob. freq. of irrīre, to snarl, as a dog.]

Irruption, ir-rup′shun, n. a breaking or bursting in: a sudden invasion or incursion.—adjs. ', broken through with violence; ', rushing suddenly in or upon.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. irruption-em—in, in, rumpĕre, ruptum, to break.]

Irvingite, ėr′ving-īt, n. a popular name for a member of the so-called Catholic Apostolic Church.—n. , the doctrine and practice of the Irvingites. [From Edward Irving (1792-1834).]

Is, iz, third pers. sing. pres. of be. [A.S. is; Ger. ist, L. est, Gr. esti, Sans. asti—as, to be.]

Isabel, Isabelle, iz′a-bel, n. a yellowish-gray or drab colour. [From Isabella, daughter of Philip II., wife of the Archduke Albert, who did not change her linen for three years till Ostend was taken.]

Isagogics, ī-sa-goj′iks, n. that part of theological science introductory to exegesis or interpretation of the Scriptures.—adj. . [Gr. eisagōgē, an introduction—eis, into, agein, to lead.]

Isandrous, ī-san′drus, adj. (bot.) having the stamens similar and equal in number to the divisions of the corolla.

Isantherous, ī-san′ther-us, adj. (bot.) having the anthers equal.

Isanthous, ī-san′thus, adj. (bot.) having regular flowers.

Isapostolic, ī-sap-os-tol′ik, adj. equal to the apostles, as bishops of apostolic creation, the first preachers of Christ in a country, &c. [Gr. isos, equal, apostolikos, apostolic.]

Isatine, ī′sa-tin, n. a substance capable of being crystallised, obtained by oxidising indigo.—adj. '.—n. ', a genus of Cruciferæ.—Isatis tinctoria, woad. [Gr. isatis, woad.]

Ischiadic, is-ki-ad′ik, adj. relating to the region of the hip—also ' and '.—ns. ', gout in the hip; ', sciatica; , the posterior part of the pelvic arch in vertebrates. [L.,—Gr., from is-chion, the hip-joint.]

Ischuria, is-kū′ri-a, n. a stoppage of urine.—adj. and n. . [Gr. ischein, to hold, ouron, urine.]

Isenergic, ī-se-nėr′jik, adj. in physics, denoting equal energy. [Gr. isos, equal, energy.]

Isengrim, ī′sen-grim, n. the name of the wolf in the famous beast-epic of Reynard the Fox.

Isentropic, ī-sen-trop′ik, adj. (phys.) of equal entropy. [Gr. isos, equal, entrope, a turning about—en, in, trepein, to turn.]

Ish, ish, n. (Scot.) issue, liberty of going out.

Ishmaelite, ish′mā-el-īt, n. a descendant of Ishmael: one like Ishmael (Gen. xvi. 12), at war with society.—adj. .

Isiac, ī-si-ak. See Isis.

Isidium, ī-sid′i-um, n. (bot.) a wart-like excrescence on the thalli of some lichens:—pl. .

Isidorian, is-i-dō′ri-an, adj. of or pertaining to St Isidore of Seville (c. 560-636), or the collection of canons and decretals adopted by him; but esp. applying to the interpolated collection, now called the Pseudo-Isidorian or False Decretals, possibly fabricated in Western Gaul, but published in Spain about 845 by Isidore Mercator, and naturally fathered upon the great Isidore of Seville.

Isinglass, ī′zing-glas, n. a glutinous substance, chiefly prepared from the air-bladders of the sturgeon. [A corr. of Dut. huizenblas—huizen, a kind of sturgeon, blas, a bladder; Ger. hausenblase.]

Isis, ī′sis, n. an Egyptian goddess, wife and sister of Osiris.—adj. .

Islam, iz′lam, Islamism, iz′lam-izm, n. the proper name of the Mohammedan religion: the whole Mohammedan world.—adjs. ', '.—n. '.—v.t. ', to conform to Mohammedanism. [Ar. islām—salama, to submit to God.]

Island, ī′land, n. the smaller masses of land surrounded with water: a large floating mass.—v.t. to cause to appear like an island: to dot as with islands.—n. Islander an inhabitant of an island. [M. E. iland—A.S. ígland—íg, an island, and land, land; Dut. and Ger. eiland, Ice. eyland, Sw. and Dan. öland. A.S. íg is from a root which appears in Angles-ea, Aldern-ey, &c., A.S. eá, L. aqua, water, so that it originally means water-land. The s in island is due to a confusion with isle, from L. insula.]

Isle, īl, n. an island.—ns. , an islander, esp. an inhabitant of the Hebrides; Islet a little isle. [M. E. ile, yle—O. Fr. isle (Fr. île)—L. insula, considered to be so called because lying in salo, in the main sea, L. salum being akin to Gr. salos, the main sea.]

Ism, izm, n. any distinctive doctrine, theory, or practice—usually in disparagement.—adjs. ', ', addicted to isms or faddish theories.—n. . [From the suffix -ism.]

Ismailian, is-mā-il′i-an, n. one of a sect of Shiite Mohammedans, who claim that Ismail (c. 770) was the seventh and last of the Imâms.—n. '.—adj. '.

Isobar, ī′so-bär, n. an imaginary line connecting places on the earth where the mean height of the barometer at sea-level is the same.—adj. , applied to lines denoting equal barometric pressure. [Gr. isos, equal, baros, weight.]

Isobathytherm, ī-so-bath′i-therm, n. a line connecting points of the same temperature in a vertical section of any portion of the ocean.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. isos, equal, bathys, deep, thermē, heat.]

Isobilateral, ī-so-bī-lat′e-ral, adj. (bot.) having the flanks of the organ flattened surfaces. [Gr. isos, equal, bilateral.]

Isobrious, ī-sob′ri-us, adj. growing equally in both lobes, of a dicotyledonous embryo.—Also . [Gr. isos, equal, brian, to be strong.]

Isobront, ī′so-bront, n. a line on a map connecting points at which a peal of thunder is heard simultaneously. [Gr. isos, equal, brontē, thunder.]

Isochasmic, ī-so-kaz′mik, adj. denoting equality as regards frequency of auroral displays. [Gr. isos, equal, chasma, a gap.]

Isocheimal, ī-so-kī′mal, adj. having the same mean winter temperature—also '.—n. ', an imaginary line connecting together those places where the mean winter temperature is the same. [Gr. isos, equal, cheima, winter.]

Isochoric, ī-so-kor′ik, adj. pertaining to equal volume or density. [Gr. isos, equal, chōra, space.]

Isochromatic, ī-so-krō-mat′ik, adj. (optics) having the same colour. [Gr. isos, equal, chrōma, colour.]

Isochronal, ī-sok′ron-al, adj. of equal time: performed in equal times—also '.—n. ', the quality of being isochronous or done in equal times.—adv. . [Gr. isochronos—isos, equal, chronos, time.]

Isochroous, ī-sok′rō-us, adj. of uniform colour.

Isoclinal, ī-so-klī′nal (or Isoclin′ic), , and  lines, three systems of lines which being laid on maps represent the magnetism of the globe as exhibited at the earth's surface in three classes of phenomena, the varying dip or inclination of the needle, the varying intensity of the force, and its varying declination from the true meridian. [Gr. isos, equal, dynamis, force, klinein, to bend, gōnia, an angle.]

Isocryme, ī′sō-krīm, n. a line on maps connecting points of the same mean winter temperature.—Also . [Gr. isos, equal, krymos, cold.]

Isodia, ī-sō′di-a, n.pl. the feast of the presentation of Jesus in the Temple. [Gr. eisodos, entrance.]

Isodiametric, ī-so-dī-a-met′rik, adj. being of equal diameters.

Isodicon, ī-sod′i-kon, n. (Gr. Church) a troparion or short anthem sung while the Gospel is being carried through the church. [Gr. eisodos, an entrance.]

Isodimorphous, ī-so-dī-mor′fus, adj. in crystallography, having the quality of isodimorphism or isomorphism between the members of two dimorphous groups.

Isodomon, ī-sod′ō-mon, n. masonry having courses of uniform thickness and length, the vertical joints placed over the middle of the courses below—also ':—pl. '.—adj. . [Gr. isos, equal, demein, to build.]

Isodont, ī′so-dont, adj. having the teeth all alike, as in the Isodontia—cetacea, &c. [Gr. isos, equal, odous, odontos, a tooth.]

Isoëtes, ī-sō′e-tēz, n. a widely distributed genus of vascular cryptogamous plants, the quillworts—Merlin's Grass, &c. [Gr. isos, equal, etos, a year.]

Isogamy, ī-sog′a-mi, n. (bot.) the conjugation of two protoplasmic masses not clearly differentiated into a male and female element.—adj. . [Gr. isos, equal, gamos, marriage.]

Isogeny, ī-soj′e-ni, n. likeness of origin, a general homology.—adj. . [Gr. isos, equal, genos, kind.]

Isogeothermal, ī-so-jē-o-thėr′mal, adj. of imaginary lines beneath the earth's surface through points having the same degree of heat. [Gr. isos, equal, gē, the earth, thermē, heat—thermos, hot.]

Isognathous, ī-sog′na-thus, adj. having the molar teeth alike in both jaws. [Gr. isos, equal, gnathos, the jaw.]

Isogon, ī′so-gon, n. a figure having equal angles. [Gr. isos, equal, gonia, an angle.]

Isogonic, ī-so-gon′ik, adj. exhibiting , or the production of like generative individuals from differing stocks, as in certain hydroids. [Gr. isos, equal, gonos, offspring.]

Isohyetal, ī-so-hī′e-tal, n. an imaginary line connecting places which have an equal annual rainfall. [Gr. isos, equal, hyetos, rain.]

Isolate, ī′so-lāt, or is′o-lāt, v.t. to place in a detached situation, like an island.—adj. ' (chem.), capable of being separated from any other substance: capable of being obtained pure.—n. '. [It. isolare—isola—L. insula, an island.]

Isomerism, ī-som′er-izm, n. the relation between chemical compounds which are identical in their ultimate or percentage composition, but present difficulties in their chemical properties.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. isos, equal, meros, part.]

Isometric, -al, ī-so-met′rik, -al, adj. having equality of measure. [Gr. isos, equal, metron, measure.]

Isomorphism, ī-so-morf′izm, n. a term applied by chemists to those substances which are not only similar in their crystalline form, but are also analogous in their chemical composition.—adj. . [Gr. isos, equal, morphē, form.]

Isonomy, ī-son′o-mi, n. equal law, rights, or privileges. [Gr. isonomia—isos, equal, nomos, law.]

Isonym, ī′so-nim, n. a paronym.—adj. '.—n. '.

Isopathy, ī-sop′a-thi, n. the cure of diseases by the same disease or by its virus. [Gr. isos, equal, pathos, disease.]

Isoperimetrical, ī-so-per-i-met′rik-al, adj. denoting figures having equal perimeters or circumferences.—n. . [Gr. isos, equal, perimetron, circumference.]

Isopod, ī′so-pod, n. a crustacean whose legs are all alike, any one of the ', an order of higher Crustaceans in the division with unstalked eyes.—adjs. ', . [Gr. isos, equal, pous, podos, a foot.]

Isopolity, ī-so-pol′i-ti, n. equal rights of citizenship in different communities. [Gr. isos, equal, politēs, a citizen.]

Isopterous, ī-sop′te-rus, adj. having the wings equal. [Gr. isos, equal, pteron, a wing.]

Isorrhythmic, ī-sō-rith′mik, adj. in ancient prosody, equal in the number of times for thesis and arsis, as a dactyl and anapæst. [Gr. isos, equal, hrythmos, rhythm.]

Isosceles, ī-sos′e-lēz, adj. (geom.) having two equal sides, as a triangle. [Gr. isoskelēs—isos, equal, skelos, a leg.]

Isoseismal, ī-sō-sīs′mal, n. a curve or line connecting points at which an earthquake shock is felt with equal intensity.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. isos, equal, seismos, a shaking.]

Isostatic, ī-so-stat′ik, adj. in hydrostatic equilibrium from equality of pressure. [Gr. isos, equal, statikos, stable.]

Isotheral, ī′so-thēr-al, adj. having the same mean summer temperature.—n. , an imaginary line connecting places on the earth which have the same mean summer temperature. [Gr. isos, equal, theros, summer—therein, to be warm.]

Isothermal, ī-so-thėr′mal, adj. having an equal degree of heat.—n. , an imaginary line connecting places on the earth which have the same mean annual temperature. [Fr. isotherme—Gr. isos, equal, thermē, heat—thermos, hot.]

Isotonic, ī-so-ton′ik, adj. having equal tones. [Gr. isos, equal, tonos, tone.]

Isotropism, ī-sot′rop-izm, n. physical homogeneity or amorphism: identity of elastic forces of propagation of vibration (light, heat, sound), or identity of susceptibility to magnetisation, in all directions.—adjs. ', '.

I-spy, ī′-spī′, n. a children's game of hide-and-seek, so called from the cry when one is found.

Israelite, iz′ra-el-īt, n. a descendant of Israel or Jacob: a Jew.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to the Israelites or Jews. [Gr. Israēlitēs—Israēl, Heb. Israēl, contender, soldier of God—sara, to fight, El, God.]

Issue, ish′ū, v.i. to go, flow, or come out: to proceed, as from a source: to spring: to be produced: (law) to come to a point in fact or law: to terminate.—v.t. to send out: to put into circulation: to give out for use.—n. a going or flowing out: act of sending out: that which flows or passes out: fruit of the body, children: produce, profits: circulation, as of bank-notes: publication, as of a book: a giving out for use: ultimate result, consequence: (law) the point of fact in dispute which is submitted to a jury: (med.) an ulcer produced artificially.—adj. ', capable of issuing, admitting of an issue.—n. ', act of giving out, promulgation.—adjs. ' (her.), issuing or coming up from another, as a charge or bearing; ', without issue: childless.—n. , one who issues or emits.—At issue, in quarrel or controversy; Feigned issue (law), an issue made up for trial by agreement of the parties or by an order of court, instead of by the ordinary legal procedure; General issue, a simple denial of the whole charge, as 'Not guilty,' instead of a Special issue, an issue taken by denying a particular part of the allegations; Immaterial issue, an issue which is not decisive of any part of the litigation, as opp. to a Material issue, one which necessarily involves some part of the rights in controversy.—Join, or Take, issue, of the two parties taking up the affirmative and the negative on the point in debate. [O. Fr. issuë, issir, to go or flow out—L. exīre—ex, out, īre, to go.]

Isthmus, ist′mus, n. a narrow neck of land connecting two larger portions.—adj. , pertaining to an isthmus, esp. the Isthmus of Corinth.—The Isthmian games were celebrated in the Isthmian sanctuary on the north-east shore of the isthmus. [L.,—Gr. isthmos, a passage, an isthmus, allied to ithma, a step, from root of ienai, to go.]

Istle, is′tl, n. a valuable fibre obtained from a tropical American plant, also from several Mexican species of Agave.—Also .

It, it, pron. the thing spoken of. [M. E. and A.S. hit, neut. of he; Ice. hit, Dut. het, Goth. ita; akin to L. id, Sans. i, pronominal root=here. The t is an old neuter suffix, as in tha-t, wha-t, and cognate with d in L. illu-d, istu-d, quo-d.]

Itacism, Itacist. See Iota.

Itacolumite, it-a-kol′ūm-īt, n. a schistose quartzite, containing scales of mica, talc, and chlorite, often having a certain flexibility.

Italian, i-tal′yan, Italic, i-tal′ik, adj. of or relating to Italy or its people.—n. a native of Italy: the language of Italy.—vs.t. ', ', to make Italian.—vs.i. to play the Italian: to speak Italian.—n. '.—Italian architecture, the style practised by the Italian architects of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, which originated in a revival of the ancient architecture of Rome; Italian warehouseman, a dealer in the finer kinds of groceries, as macaroni, vermicelli, dried fruits, &c.—Italic version, or ', a translation of the Bible into Latin, based on a still older version, called Old Latin, and made probably in the time of Augustine. [It. Italiano, Italico—L. Italia—Gr. italos, a bull.]

Italics, i-tal′iks, n.pl. a kind of types which slope to the right (as in the last four words), so called because first used by an Italian printer, Aldo Manuzio, about 1500, employed for emphasis and other distinctive purposes.—n. '.—v.t. ', to print in Italics.

Itch, ich, n. an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: an eruptive disease in the skin, caused by a parasitic animal: a constant teasing desire.—v.i. to have an uneasy, irritating sensation in the skin: to have a constant, teasing desire.—ns. '; ', a mite which burrows in the skin, causing itch or scabies.—adj. , pertaining to or affected with itch.—Itching palm, a greed for gain. [A.S. giccan, to itch; Scot. youk, yuck, Ger. jucken, to itch.]

Item, ī′tem, adv. likewise: also.—n. a separate article or particular.—v.t. to make a note of.—v.t. , to give by items. [L.,—id, that.]

Iterate, it′ėr-āt, v.t. to do again: to repeat, in modern usage replaced by the verb reiterate.—ns. ', ', repetition.—adjs. ', ', repeating. [L. iterāre, -ātum—iterum, again.]

Ithyphallic, ith-i-fal′ik, adj. pertaining to certain rites: obscene.—n. , an erect phallus.

Itinerant, ī-tin′er-ant, adj. making journeys from place to place: travelling.—n. one who travels from place to place, esp. a Methodist preacher: a wanderer.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ', travelling: done on a journey.—n. a book of travels: a guide-book for travellers: a rough sketch and description of the country through which troops are to march.—v.i. , to travel from place to place, esp. for the purpose of preaching or lecturing. [L. itinerans, -antis, part. of itinerāri-, -atus, to travel—L. iter, itineris, a journey—īre, ītum, to go.]

Its, its, ''poss. pron. the possessive of it. [The old form was his, its'' not being older than the end of the 16th century. Its does not occur in the English Bible of 1611, or in Spenser, rarely in Shakespeare, and is not common until the time of Dryden.]

Itself, it-self′, pron. the neuter reciprocal pronoun, applied to things.—By itself, alone, apart; In and by itself, separately considered.

Ittnerite, it′nėr-īt, n. a dark blue or gray mineral, consisting chiefly of silica, alumina, potash, and soda.

Ivory, ī′vo-ri, n. the hard, white substance composing the tusks of the elephant and of the sea-horse.—adj. made of, or resembling, ivory.—adj. ', made like ivory: furnished with teeth.—ns. ', a black powder, originally made from burnt ivory, but now from bone; ', the nut of a species of palm, containing a substance like ivory; ', the tree which bears the ivory-nut; , a fine ware with an ivory-white glaze.—Show one's ivories, to show the teeth. [O. Fr. ivurie (Fr. ivoire)—L. ebur, eboris, ivory; Coptic ebu; Sans. ibhas, an elephant.]

Ivy, ī′vi, n. a creeping evergreen plant on trees and walls.—adjs. ', ', ', overgrown or mantled with ivy.—n. ', a plant of ivy formerly hung over tavern-doors, the ivy being sacred to Bacchus. [A.S. ifig; Old High Ger. ebah; prob. conn. with L. apium, parsley.]

Iwis, Ywis, i-wis′, adv. certainly—sometimes ignorantly written I wis, as if 'I know.' [M. E. ywis, iwis—A.S. gewis, certain; Ger. gewiss (adv.).]

Ixion, ik-sī′on, n. (Gr. myth.) a king of the Lapithæ, bound, for an impious attempt on Hera, hand and foot to a fiery wheel which rolled for ever in the sky.

Ixolite, iks′o-līt, n. a fossil resin, found in bituminous coal, which becomes soft and sticky when heated. [Gr. ixos, birdlime, lithos, a stone.]

Ixtle. See Istle.