Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Inarm Inhale

Inarm, in-ärm′, v.t. to encircle.

Inarticulate, in-är-tik′ūl-āt, adj. not distinct, incapable of speaking distinctly: (zool.) not jointed.—adv. '.—ns. ', , indistinctness of sounds in speaking.

Inartificial, in-ärt-i-fish′yal, adj. not done by art: simple.—adv. .

Inartistic, -al, in-ar-tis′tik, -al, adj. not artistic: deficient in appreciation of works of art.—adv. .

Inasmuch, in-az-much′. See In.

Inattentive, in-at-tent′iv, adj. careless, not fixing the mind to attention.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inaudible, in-awd′i-bl, adj. not able to be heard.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inaugurate, in-aw′gūr-āt, v.t. to induct formally into an office: to cause to begin: to make a public exhibition of for the first time.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to, or done at, an inauguration.—ns. ', act of inaugurating; ', one who inaugurates.—adj. . [L. inaugurāre, -ātum.]

Inaurate, in-aw′rāt, adj. having a golden lustre: covered with gold.

Inauspicious, in-aw-spish′us, adj. not auspicious: ill-omened: unlucky.—adv. '.—n. '.

Inbeing, in′bē-ing, n. inherent existence.

Inboard, in′bōrd, adv. within the hull or interior of a ship: toward or nearer to the centre.

Inbond, in′bond, adj. laid with its length across the thickness of a wall:—opp. to Outbond, where the brick or stone is laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall.

Inborn, in′bawrn, adj. born in or with: implanted by nature.

Inbreak, in′brāk, n. a violent rush in: irruption:—opp. to Outbreak.

Inbreathe, in′brēth, v.t. to breathe into.

Inbreed, in-brēd′, v.t. to breed or generate within: to breed in-and-in.—pa.p. , bred within, inherent, intrinsic.

Inburning, in′burn-ing, adj. (Spens.) burning within.

Inburst, in′burst, n. an irruption:—opp. to Outburst.

Inby, Inbye, in-bī′, adv. (Scot.) toward the interior, as of a house from the door, or a mine from the shaft. [In and by.]

Inca, ing′ka, n. the name of the ancient kings and princes of Peru:—pl. Incas [Sp. inca—Peruvian inca.]

Incage, in-kāj′. Same as Encage.

Incalculable, in-kal′kū-la-bl, adj. not calculable or able to be reckoned.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incalescent, in-kal-es′ent, adj. growing warm.—n. . [L. incalescens, -entis, pr.p. of incalescĕre—in, in, calescĕre, inceptive of calēre, to be warm.]

Incameration, in-kam-ėr-ā′shun, n. the act of making over to a government a fund as a source of revenue, esp. an annexation to the papal exchequer. [L. in, in, camera, a chamber.]

Incandescent, in-kan-des′ent, adj. white or glowing with heat: rendered luminous by heat.—v.i. and v.t. to glow with heat, to cause to glow.—n. , a white heat.—Incandescent light, a brilliant white light produced by a resisting conductor under an electric current, or by coal-gas burnt under a mantle or hood of the oxide of didymium and others of the alkaline earths. [L.,—in, in, candescĕre—candēre, to glow.]

Incantation, in-kan-tā′shun, n. a formula of words said or sung in connection with certain ceremonies for purposes of enchantment.—n. '.—adj. '. [L. incantation-em—incantāre, to sing a magical formula over.]

Incapable, in-kāp′a-bl, adj. not capable: insufficient, unable: lacking mental capacity: unconscious of: helplessly drunk: disqualified.—n. one lacking capacity.—n. '.—adv. '.

Incapacious, in-kap-ā′shus, adj. not large, narrow.—n. .

Incapacitate, in-kap-as′i-tāt, v.t. to deprive of capacity: to make incapable: to disqualify.—ns. ', the act of disqualifying; ', want of capacity or power of mind: inability: legal disqualification.

Incarcerate, in-kär′sėr-āt, v.t. to imprison: to confine.—n. , imprisonment: (surg.) obstinate constriction or strangulation. [L. in, in, carcer, a prison.]

Incardinate, in-kar′di-nāt, v.t. to attach as a cardinal part, as a priest to his church.—adj. a perversion of incarnate.

Incarnadine, in-kär′na-din, v.t. to dye of a red colour.—adj. carnation-coloured.

Incarnate, in-kär′nāt, v.t. to embody in flesh.—v.i. to form flesh, heal.—adj. invested with flesh.—n. , act of embodying in flesh: (theol.) the union of the divine nature with the human in the divine person of Christ: an incarnate form: manifestation, visible embodiment: (surg.) the process of healing, or forming new flesh. [Low. L. incarnāre, -ātum—L. in, in, caro, carnis, flesh.]

Incase, Incasement. See Encase, Encasement.

Incast, in′käst, n. something thrown in in addition by way of giving good measure.

Incatenation, in-ka-te-nā′shun, n. the act of chaining and linking together.

Incautious, in-kaw′shus, adj. not cautious or careful.—ns. ', ', want of caution.—adv. .

Incavo, in-kä′vō, n. the incised part in an intaglio. [It.,—L. in, in, cavus, hollow.]

Incedingly, in-sēd′ing-li, adv. (rare) triumphantly. [L. incedĕre, to march along.]

Incelebrity, in-sel-eb′ri-ti, n. lack of celebrity.

Incendiary, in-sen′di-ar-i, n. one that sets fire to a building, &c., maliciously: one who promotes quarrels:—pl. '.—adj. wilfully setting fire to: relating to incendiarism: tending to excite quarrels.—n. '.—adj.  (obs.), promoting faction. [L. incendiarius—incendium—incendĕre, incensum, to kindle.]

Incense, in-sens′, v.t. to inflame with anger: to incite, urge: to perfume with incense.—n. ', odour of spices burned in religious rites: the materials so burned: pleasing perfume: (fig.) homage, adulation.—adj. ', exhaling incense or fragrance.—ns. ' (Shak.), state of being inflamed with anger; ' (obs.), a censer.

Incentive, in-sent′iv, adj. inciting, encouraging: (Milt.) igniting.—n. that which incites to action or moves the mind: motive. [L. incentivus, striking up a tune—incinĕre—in, in, canĕre, to sing.]

Inception, in-sep′shun, n. a beginning.—v.i. ', to commence, esp. the period of candidature for the degree of master of arts, or a period of licensed teaching.—adj. ', beginning or marking the beginning.—adv. ', in a manner denoting beginning.—n. '. [L. inceptionem—incipĕre, inceptum, to begin—in, on, capĕre, to take.]

Incertain, in-ser′tān, adj. uncertain.—ns. ', ', want of certainty.

Incessant, in-ses′ant, adj. uninterrupted: continual.—adv. , unceasingly: (obs.) immediately. [L. incessans, -antis—in, not, cessāre, to cease.]

Incest, in′sest, n. sexual intercourse within the prohibited degrees of kindred.—adj. ', guilty of incest.—adv. '.—n. . [Fr.,—L. incestus—in, not, castus, chaste.]

Inch, insh, n. the twelfth part of a foot: proverbially, a small distance or degree: (Shak.) a critical moment.—v.i. to move by slow degrees.—adj. Inched, containing inches: marked with inches.—adv. , by inches or small degrees: gradually.—Inch by inch, By inches, by small degrees; Every inch, entirely, thoroughly. [A.S. ynce, an inch—L. uncia, the twelfth part of anything, an inch, also an ounce (twelfth of a pound).]

Inch, insh, n. an island. [Gael, innis, an island.]

Inchase, in-chās′. See Enchase.

Inchoate, in′kō-āt, adj. only begun: unfinished, rudimentary: not established.—v.t. (Browning) to begin.—adv. '.—n. ', beginning: rudimentary state.—adj. , incipient. [L. inchoāre, -ātum, to begin.]

Incident, in′si-dent, adj. falling upon: liable to occur: naturally belonging to anything, or following therefrom.—n. that which happens: an event: a subordinate action: an episode.—n. , the manner of falling: bearing or onus, as of a tax that falls unequally: the falling of a ray of heat, light, &c. on a body: (geom.) the falling of a point on a line, or a line on a plane.—adj. ', occurring as a result, concomitant: occasional, casual.—adv. '.—n. .—Angle of incidence, the angle at which a ray of light or radiant heat falls upon a surface. [Fr.,—L. incĭdens—in, on, cadĕre, to fall.]

Incineration, in-sin-ėr-ā′shun, n. the act of reducing to ashes by combustion.—v.t. ', to burn to ashes.—n. ', a furnace for consuming anything. [L. incinerāre, -ātum—in, in, cinis, cineris, ashes.]

Incipient, in-sip′i-ent, adj. beginning.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [Pr.p. of L. incipĕre.]

Incise, in-siz′, v.t. to cut into: to cut or gash: to engrave.—adj. ', shaped like an incisor-tooth.—n. ', the act of cutting into a substance: a cut: a gash.—adj. ', having the quality of cutting into: trenchant: acute: sarcastic.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', a cutting or fore tooth.—adjs. ', '.—n. , a cut, incision. [Fr. inciser—L. incīdĕre, incisum—in, into, cædĕre, to cut.]

Incite, in-sīt′, v.t. to rouse: to move the mind to action: to encourage: to goad.—ns. ', that which incites: a stimulant; ', the act of inciting or rousing: an incentive.—adj. and n. '.—ns. '; '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. incitāre—in, in, citāre, to rouse—ciēre, to put in motion.]

Incivil, in-siv′il, adj. (Shak.) uncivil.—n. ', want of civility or courtesy: impoliteness: an act of discourtesy (in this sense has a pl., ').

Incivism, in′si-vizm, n. neglect of one's duty as a citizen, conduct unbecoming a good citizen. [Fr.]

Inclasp, in-klasp′, v.t. to clasp to: to enclasp.

Inclave, in-klāv′, adj. (her.) shaped, or cut at the edge, like a series of dovetails, as the border of an ordinary.—adj. , made fast, nailed. [L. in, in, clavus, a nail.]

Inclearing, in′klēr-ing, n. the total amount in cheques and bills of exchange chargeable to a bank by the Clearing-house:—opp. to Outclearing.

Inclement, in-klem′ent, adj. unmerciful: stormy: very cold: harsh: unpropitious.—n. '.—adv. '.

Incline, in-klīn′, v.i. to lean towards: to deviate from a line towards an object: to be disposed: to have some desire.—v.t. to cause to bend towards: to give a leaning to: to dispose: to bend.—n. an inclined plane: a regular ascent or descent.—adj. ', leaning: tending: somewhat disposed.—ns. '; ', the act of bending towards: tendency, disposition of mind: natural aptness: favourable disposition, preference, affection: act of bowing: angle between two lines or planes: the angle a line or plane makes with the horizon.—p.adj. ', bent.—pr.p. and n. ', inclination: (Shak.) side, party.—n. ', an instrument for measuring the vertical element of the magnetic force.—Inclined plane, one of the so-called mechanical powers, a slope or plane up which may be rolled a weight one could not lift. [Fr.,—L. inclināre—in, towards, clināre, to lean.]

Inclip, in-klip′, v.t. (Shak.) to embrace, surround.

Inclose, Inclosure. See Enclose.

Incloud. See Encloud.

Include, in-klōōd′, v.t. to close or shut in: to embrace within limits: to contain: to comprise: (Shak.) to conclude.—adj. '.—n. ', act of including: that which is included: restriction, limitation.—adj. ', shutting in: enclosing: (with of) comprehending the stated limit or extremes.—adv. '. [L. includĕre, inclusum—in, in, claudĕre, to shut.]

Incoercible, in-ko-ėrs′i-bl, adj. that cannot be liquefied by pressure, said of certain gases.

Incog, in-kog′, adv. an abbreviation of incognito.

Incogitable, in-koj′i-ta-bl, adj. unthinkable.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', '. [L. in, not, cogitāre, to think.]

Incognisable, Incognizable, in-kog′niz-a-bl, or adj. that cannot be known or distinguished.—adjs. ', ', not cognisant.—n. ', failure to recognise.—n. '.—adj. .

Incognito, in-kog′ni-tō, adj. unknown: disguised: under an assumed title.—n. a man unknown (fem. ): concealment. [It.,—L. incognitus—in, not, cognitus, known—cognoscĕre, to know.]

Incoherent, in-kō-hēr′ent, adj. not connected: loose: incongruous.—n. ', want of coherence or connection: incongruity.—adv. '.—n. .

Incombustible, in-kom-bust′i-bl, adj. incapable of being consumed by fire.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Income, in′kum, n. the gain, profit, or interest resulting from anything: revenue: (Shak.) arrival: (Scot.) a disease coming without known cause.—n.pl. ', a term applied to a bastard kind of security which has no mortgage rights, and is really only a sort of preference share.—ns. ', one who comes in: one who takes possession of a farm, house, &c., or who comes to live in a place, not having been born there; ', a tax directly levied on all persons having incomes above a certain amount.—adj. ', coming in, as an occupant: accruing: (Scot.) ensuing, next to follow.—n. the act of coming in: revenue. [Eng. in and come.]

Incommensurable, in-kom-en′sū-ra-bl, adj. having no common measure.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ', not admitting of a common measure: not adequate: unequal.—adv. '.—n. ', the state of being incommensurate.

Incommiscible, in-kom-is′i-bl, adj. that cannot be mixed together. [L. in, not, commiscēre, to mix.]

Incommode, in-kom-ōd′, v.t. to cause trouble or inconvenience to: to annoy: to molest.—adj. ', inconvenient: annoying.—adv. '.—ns. ', the quality of being incommodious; ', anything which causes inconvenience. [Fr.,—L. incommodāre—incommodus, inconvenient—in, not, commodus, commodious.]

Incommunicable, in-kom-ūn′i-ka-bl, adj. that cannot be communicated or imparted to others.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ', not disposed to hold communion with, or to give information: unsocial.—adv. '.—n. '.

Incommutable, in-kom-ūt′a-bl, adj. that cannot be commuted or exchanged.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incomparable, in-kom′par-a-bl, adj. matchless.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ' (Spens.), peerless.

Incompatible, in-kom-pat′i-bl, adj. not consistent: contradictory: incapable of existing together in harmony: (pl.) things which cannot coexist.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incompetent, in-kom′pe-tent, adj. wanting adequate powers: wanting the proper legal qualifications: insufficient.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incomplete, in-kom-plēt′, adj. imperfect.—adv. '.—ns. ', .

Incompliance, in-kom-plī′ans, n. refusal to comply: an unaccommodating disposition.—adj. .

Incomposed, in-kom-pōzd′, adj. (Milt.) discomposed.

Incomposite, in-kom′poz-it, adj. simple.—Incomposite numbers, same as prime numbers (see Prime).

Incompossible, in-kom-pos′i-bl, adj. incapable of coexisting.—n. .

Incomprehensible, in-kom-pre-hen′si-bl, adj. not capable of being understood: not to be contained within limits.—ns. ', ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ', limited.—n. '.

Incompressible, in-kom-pres′i-bl, adj. not to be compressed into smaller bulk.—ns. ', '.

Incomputable, in-kom-pūt′a-bl, adj. that cannot be computed or reckoned.

Inconceivable, in-kon-sēv′a-bl, adj. that cannot be conceived by the mind: incomprehensible: involving a contradiction in terms: physically impossible.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inconcinnity, in-kon-sin′i-ti, n. want of congruousness or proportion.—adj. . [L.]

Inconclusive, in-kon-klōōs′iv, adj. not settling a point in debate, indeterminate, indecisive.—adv. '.—ns. ', .

Incondensable, in-kon-den′sa-bl, adj. not condensable.

Incondite, in-kon′dīt, adj. not well put together, irregular, unfinished. [L. inconditus—in, not, condĕre, conditum, to build.]

Incongruous, in-kong′grōō-us, adj. inconsistent: not fitting well together, disjointed: unsuitable—also '.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.

Inconscient, in-kon′shi-ent, adj. unconscious.—adj. , unconscious.

Inconsecutive, in-kon-sek′ū-tiv, adj. not succeeding in regular order.—n. .

Inconsequent, in-kon′se-kwent, adj. not following from the premises: illogical: irrelevant: unreasonable, inconsistent.—n. '.—adj. ', not following from the premises: of no consequence or value.—advs. ', '.

Inconsiderable, in-kon-sid′ėr-a-bl, adj. not worthy of notice: unimportant.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inconsiderate, in-kon-sid′ėr-āt, adj. not considerate: thoughtless: inattentive.—adv. '.—ns. ', .

Inconsistent, in-kon-sist′ent, adj. not consistent: not suitable or agreeing with: intrinsically incompatible: self-contradictory: changeable, fickle.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inconsolable, in-kon-sōl′a-bl, adj. not to be comforted.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inconsonant, in-kon′sō-nant, adj. not consonant.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inconspicuous, in-kon-spik′ū-us, adj. not conspicuous: scarcely discernible.—adv. '.—n. '.

Inconstant, in-kon′stant, adj. subject to change: fickle.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inconsumable, in-kon-sūm′a-bl, adj. that cannot be consumed or wasted.—adv. .

Incontestable, in-kon-test′a-bl, adj. too clear to be called in question: undeniable.—n. '.—adv. '.

Incontiguous, in-kon-tig′ū-us, adj. not adjoining or touching.—adv. '.—n. '.

Incontinent, in-kon′ti-nent, adj. not restraining the passions or appetites: unchaste: (med.) unable to restrain natural discharges or evacuations: (coll.) immediate, off-hand.—adv. without delay: at once.—ns. ', '.—adv. , without restraint: forthwith, immediately.

Incontrollable, in-kon-trō′la-bl, adj. uncontrollable.—adv. .

Incontrovertible, in-kon-tro-vėrt′i-bl, adj. too clear to be called in question.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inconvenient, in-kon-vēn′yent, adj. unsuitable: causing trouble or uneasiness: increasing difficulty: incommodious.—v.t. ', to trouble or incommode.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.

Inconversable, in-kon-vers′a-bl, adj. indisposed to conversation, unsocial.

Inconversant, in-kon′ver-sant, adj. not versed in.

Inconvertible, in-kon-vėrt′i-bl, adj. that cannot be changed or exchanged.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inconvincible, in-kon-vin′si-bl, adj. not capable of being convinced.

Incony, in′kon-i, adj. (Shak.) fine, delicate, pretty. [Prob. from Fr. inconnu, unknown—L. incognitus (see Incog). Cf. unco, in the sense of strange, rare, fine, abbreviated from uncouth.]

Inco-ordinate, in-ko-or′di-nāt, adj. not in co-ordinate relation.—n. .

Incoronate, -d, in-kor′o-nāt, -ed, adj. crowned.

Incorporate, in-kor′po-rāt, v.t. to form into a body: to combine into one mass, or embody: to unite: to form into a corporation.—v.i. to unite into one mass: to become part of another body.—adj. united in one body: (rare) not having a material body.—n. ', act of incorporating: state of being incorporated: formation of a legal or political body: an association: (gram.) polysynthesis.—adjs. ', characterised by grammatical incorporation—also Polysynthetic; ', ' (Shak.), not having a body: spiritual: intangible.—ns. ', ', '.—adv. '.

Incorpse, in-korps′, v.t. (Shak.) to incorporate.

Incorrect, in-kor-ekt, adj. containing faults: not accurate: not correct in manner or character: (Shak.) not regulated.—adv. '.—n. '.

Incorrigible, in-kor′i-ji-bl, adj. and n. bad beyond correction or reform.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incorrodible, in-ko-rō′di-bl, adj. incapable of being corroded.

Incorrupt, in-kor-upt′, adj. sound: pure: not depraved: not to be tempted by bribes.—adj. ', not capable of decay: that cannot be bribed: inflexibly just.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—ns. ', '.—adj. '.—adv. '.

Incrassate, in-kras′āt, v.t. to make thick.—v.i. (med.) to become thicker.—adj. made thick or fat: (bot.) becoming thick by degrees.—n. '.—adj. '. [Low L. incrassāre, -ātum—L. in, in, crassāre, to make thick.]

Increase, in-krēs′, v.i. to grow in size: to become greater: to advance.—v.t. to make greater: to advance: to extend: to aggravate.—adj. '.—ns. '; ', growth: addition to the original stock: profit: produce: progeny.—adj. ' (Shak.), abundant of produce.—adv. , in the way of increase. [M. E. incresen—en (L. in), and O. Fr. creisser, croistre—L. crescĕre, to grow.]

Increate, in′kre-āt, adj. (arch.) uncreated.

Incredible, in-kred′i-bl, adj. surpassing belief.—ns. ', quality of being incredible, an incredible thing; ', incredibility.—adv. .

Incredulous, in-kred′ū-lus, adj. hard of belief.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incremation, in-kre-mā′shun, n. the act of burning a dead body.—v.t. , to burn. [L. in, in, cremāre, -ātum, to burn.]

Increment, in′kre-ment, n. act of increasing or becoming greater: growth: that by which anything is increased: (math.) the finite increase of a variable quantity: (rhet.) an adding of particulars without climax (see 2 Peter, i. 5-7): (gram.) a syllable in excess of the number of the nominative singular or the second pers. sing. present indicative.—adj. —Unearned increment, any exceptional increase in the value of land, houses, &c., not due to the owner's labour or outlay. [L. incrementum—increscĕre, to increase.]

Increscent, in-kres′ent, adj. increasing, growing (of the moon).

Incriminate, in-krim′in-āt, v.t. to charge with a crime or fault, to criminate: to characterise as criminal or as accessory to crime.—adj. 

Incrust. See Encrust.

Incubate, in′kū-bāt, v.i. to sit on eggs to hatch them.—v.t. to produce by hatching: (fig.) to turn over in the mind, ponder over.—n. ', the act of sitting on eggs to hatch them: (fig.) meditation on schemes: (med.) the period between the implanting of a disease and its development.—adjs. ', '.—n. ', a machine for hatching eggs by artificial heat. [L. incubāre, -ātum—in, upon, cubāre, to lie.]

Incubus, in′kū-bus, n. the nightmare: a male demon formerly supposed to consort with women in their sleep: any oppressive or stupefying influence:—pl. , Incubi [L. incubāre—in, upon, cubāre, to lie.]

Inculcate, in-kul′kāt, v.t. to enforce by frequent admonitions or repetitions.—ns. '; ' [L. inculcāre, -ātum—in, into, calcāre, to tread—calx, the heel.]

Inculpable, in-kul′pa-bl, adj. blameless.—adv. '—v.t. ', to bring into blame: to censure.—n. '—adj. '. [Low L. inculpāre, -ātum—L. in, in, culpa, a fault.]

Incult, in-kult′, adj. (rare) uncultivated.

Incumbent, in-kum′bent, adj. lying or resting on: lying on as a duty.—n. one who holds an ecclesiastical benefice.—n. ', a lying or resting on: the holding of an office: an ecclesiastical benefice.—adv. '. [L. incumbens, -entis, pr.p. of incumbĕre, to lie upon.]

Incunabula, in-kū-nab′ū-la, n.pl. books printed in the early period of the art, before the year 1500: the cradle, birthplace, origin of a thing. [L. in, in, cunabula, a cradle, dim. of cunæ, a cradle.]

Incur, in-kur′, v.t. to become liable to: to bring on:—pr.p. pa.p.  [L. incurrĕre, incursum—in, into, currĕre, to run.]

Incurable, in-kūr′a-bl, adj. not admitting of cure or correction.—n. one beyond cure.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Incurious, in-kū′ri-us, adj. not curious or inquisitive: inattentive: deficient in interest.—adv. .—''ns. ''

Incursion, in-kur′shun, n. a hostile inroad.—adj. , making an incursion or inroad. [Fr.,—L. incursion-em—incurrĕre.]

Incurve, in-kurv′, v.t. to cause to curve inward.—v.i. to curve inward.—v.t. ', to turn from a straight course.—adj. curved inward or upward.—ns. ', act of bending, bowing, kneeling, &c.: the growing inward of the nails; ', any curving.—adj. ' (bot.), curving toward the axis of growth.—n. , the state of being bent inward.

Incus, in′kus, n. one of the bones in the tympanum or middle ear, so called from its fancied resemblance to an anvil:—pl. . [L., an anvil.]

Incuse, in-kūz′, v.t. to impress by stamping, as a coin.—adj. hammered.—n. an impression, a stamp. [L. incusus, pa.p. of incudĕre—in, on, cudĕre, to strike.]

Incut, in′kut, adj. set in by, or as if by, cutting, esp. in printing, inserted in spaces left in the text.

Indagate, in′da-gāt, v.t. to search out.—n. '.—adj. '.—n. '.—adj. '. [L. indagāre, -ātum, to trace.]

Indart, in-därt′, v.t. (Shak.) to dart or strike in.

Indebted, in-det′ed, adj. being in debt: obliged by something received.—ns. ', '.

Indecent, in-dē′sent, adj. offensive to common modesty: unbecoming: gross, obscene.—n. ', quality of being indecent: anything violating modesty or seemliness.—adv. '.

Indeciduous, in-de-sid′ū-us, adj. not deciduous, as leaves.—Also .

Indecipherable, in-de-sī′fer-a-bl, adj. incapable of being deciphered.

Indecision, in-de-sizh′un, n. want of decision or resolution: hesitation.—adj. ', unsettled: inconclusive.—adv. '.—n. .

Indeclinable, in-de-klīn′a-bl, adj. (gram.) not varied by inflection.—adv. .

Indecomposable, in-de-kom-pōz′a-bl, adj. that cannot be decomposed.

Indecorous, in-de-kō′rus (sometimes in-dek′ō-rus), adj. not becoming; violating good manners.—adv. .—ns. ', ', want of propriety of conduct: a breach of decorum.

Indeed, in-dēd′, adv. in fact: in truth: in reality. It emphasises an affirmation, marks a qualifying word or clause, a concession or admission, or, used as an interj., it expresses surprise or interrogation.

Indefatigable, in-de-fat′i-ga-bl, adj. that cannot be fatigued or wearied out: unremitting in effort.—n. '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. indefatigabilis—in, not, de, fatigāre, to tire.]

Indefeasible, in-de-fēz′i-bl, adj. not to be defeated or made void.—n. '.—adv. '.

Indefectible, in-de-fekt′i-bl, adj. incapable of defect: unfailing.

Indefensible, in-de-fens′i-bl, adj. untenable, that cannot be maintained or justified.—adv. .

Indefinable, in-de-fīn′a-bl, adj. that cannot be defined.—adv. .

Indefinite, in-def′i-nit, adj. not limited: not precise or certain: (logic) indeterminate in logical quantity.—adv. '.—n. '.

Indelible, in-del′i-bl, adj. that cannot be blotted out or effaced.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. in, not, delebilis—delēre, to destroy.]

Indelicate, in-del′i-kāt, adj. offensive to good manners or purity of mind: coarse.--n. '.—adv. '.

Indemnify, in-dem′ni-fī, v.t. (with against) to secure against loss: to make good for damage done: to give security against:—pa.p. —ns. ', act of indemnifying: that which indemnifies; ', one who indemnifies; , security from damage, loss, or punishment: compensation for loss or injury.—Act of Indemnity, an act or decree for the protection of public officers from any technical or legal penalties or liabilities they may have been compelled to incur. [Fr.,—L. indemnis, unharmed—in, not, damnum, loss, facĕre, to make.]

Indemonstrable, in-de-mon′stra-bl, adj. that cannot be demonstrated or proved.—n. 

Indent, in-dent′, v.t. to cut into points like teeth: to notch: to indenture, apprentice: (print.) to begin farther in from the margin than the rest of a paragraph.—v.i. (Shak.) to move in a zigzag course: to bargain: to make a compact.—n. a cut or notch in the margin: a recess like a notch.—n. ', a hollow or depression: act of indenting or notching: notch: recess.—pa.p. and adj. ', having indentations: serrated: zigzag.—ns. ' (print.), any space left before the beginning of lines, as in poetry; ', the act of indenting, indentation: (law) a deed under seal, with mutual covenants, where the edge is indented for future identification: a written agreement between two or more parties: a contract.—v.t. to bind by indentures: to indent. [Low L. indentāre—L. in, in, dens, dentis, a tooth.]

Independent, in-de-pend′ent, adj. (with of) not dependent or relying on others: not subordinate: not subject to bias: affording a comfortable livelihood: belonging to the Independents: (gram.) of some parts of speech (noun, pronoun, verb), capable of forming sentences without the others.—n. one who in ecclesiastical affairs holds that every congregation should be independent of every other and subject to no superior authority—a Congregationalist: (math.) not depending on another for its value, said of a quantity or function.—ns. ', '.—adv. .—Declaration of Independence, the document embodying the reasons for the secession of the thirteen colonies of America from England, reported to the Continental Congress, July 4, 1776—observed in the United States as a legal holiday—Independence Day.

Indescribable, in-de-skrīb′a-bl, adj. that cannot be described: (pl.) applied facetiously to trousers.—adv. .

Indesignate, in-des′ig-nāt, adj. (logic) without any indication of quantity.

Indestructible, in-de-struk′ti-bl, adj. that cannot be destroyed.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Indeterminable, in-de-tėr′min-a-bl, adj. not to be ascertained or fixed: (nat. hist.) not to be classified or fixed.—n. '.—adv. '.—adj. ', not determinate or fixed: uncertain: having no defined or fixed value.—adv. '.—ns. ', I', want of determination: want of fixed direction.—adj. , not determined: unsettled.

Index, in′deks, n. anything that indicates or points out: a hand that directs to anything, as the hour of the day, &c.: the forefinger: alphabetical list of subjects treated of in a book: (math.) the exponent of a power:—pl. Indexes and in math., Indices —v.t. to provide with or place in an index.—ns. ', ', the forefinger, or in other animals that digit representing the human index.—adjs. '; ', without an index.—Index Expurgatorius, in the R.C. Church, an authoritative list of books only to be read in expurgated editions; Index Librorum Expurgandorum, or Index Librorum Prohibitorum, an official list of books which the faithful are absolutely forbidden to read at all under pain of instant excommunication; Index rerum, an index of subjects; Index verborum, an index of words. [L. index, indicis—indicāre, to show.]

Indexterity, in-deks-ter′i-ti, n. want of dexterity.

Indian, in′di-an, adj. belonging to the Indies, East or West, or to the aborigines of America.—n. a native of the Indies: a European who lives or has lived in India: an aboriginal of America.—ns. ', a large ship employed in trade, with India; ', an elastic gummy substance, the inspissated juice of various tropical plants, extensively used in the arts: caoutchouc.—adj. , originating or existing in India, a term comprehensively applied to all the Aryan languages of India.—Indian berry, a climbing Indian shrub, its fruit Cocculus Indicus; Indian club, a bottle-shaped block of wood, swung in various motions by the arms with the view of developing the muscles of these and of the chest, &c.; Indian corn, maize, so called because brought from the West Indies; Indian cress, an ornamental garden shrub from Peru, with orange flowers; Indian file (see File); Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition, used as a signal-light, consisting of sulphur, realgar, and nitre; Indian red (see Red); Indian summer, in America, a period of warm, dry, calm weather in late autumn, with hazy atmosphere.—India Docks, extensive docks in London for the accommodation of vessels engaged in the West and East India trade; India ink (see Ink); India Office, a government office in London, where are managed the affairs of the Indian government; India paper, a thin yellowish printing-paper made in China and Japan from vegetable fibre, and used in taking the finest proofs from engraved plates—hence called India proofs; India shawl, a Cashmere shawl.—East India Company, a great chartered company formed for trading with India and the East Indies, more especially applied to the English Company, incorporated in 1600 and abolished in 1858; East Indian, an inhabitant or a native of the East Indies; Red Indian, one of the aborigines of America, so called from the colour of the skin—(coll.) in U.S. Injen, Injun; West Indian, a native or an inhabitant of the West Indies. [L. India—Indus (Gr. Indos), the Indus (Pers. Hind. Hind; Zend Hindu)—Sans. sindhu, a river.]

Indicate, in′di-kāt, v.t. to point out: to show: to give as a ground for inferring.—adj. ', indicating.—n. that which indicates.—n. ', act of indicating: mark: token: symptom.—adj. ', pointing out: giving intimation of: (gram.) applied to the mood of the verb which affirms or denies.—adv. '.—n. ', one who indicates: an instrument on a steam-engine to show the pressure.—adj. ', showing. [L. indicāre, —in, in, dicāre, to proclaim.]

Indict, in-dīt′, v.t. to charge with a crime formally or in writing, esp. by a grand-jury.—adj. '.—ns. ', one who is indicted; , formal accusation: the written accusation against one who is to be tried by jury: (Scots law) the form under which a criminal is put to trial at the instance of the Lord Advocate.—Find an indictment, said of the grand-jury when they are satisfied of the truth of the accusation, and endorse the bill, A true bill. [L. indictāre, freq. of indicĕre, indictum, to declare—in, in, dicĕre, to say.]

Indiction, in-dik′shun, n. a proclamation: a cycle of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine the Great for fiscal purposes, and adopted by the popes as part of their chronological system: a year bearing a number showing its place in a fifteen years' cycle, dating from 313 A.D.

Indifferent, in-dif′ėr-ent, adj. without importance: uninteresting: of a middle quality: neutral: unconcerned.—n. one who is indifferent or apathetic: that which is indifferent.—ns. ', ', ', indifference: (theol.) the doctrine that religious differences are of no moment: (metaph.) the doctrine of absolute identity—i.e. that to be in thought and to exist are one and the same thing; '.—adv. , in an indifferent manner: tolerably: passably: without distinction, impartially.

Indigenous, in-dij′en-us, adj. native born or originating in: produced naturally in a country.—adj. and n. '.—adv. '. [L. indigena, a native—indu, or in, and gen-, root of gignĕre, to produce.]

Indigent, in′di-jent, adj. in need of anything: destitute of means of subsistence: poor.—n. '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. indigens, pr.p. of indigĕre—indu, or in, in, egēre, to need.]

Indigest, in-di-jest′, adj. not digested, shapeless.—n. a crude mass, disordered state of affairs.—adj. ', not digested: unarranged: not methodised.—ns. ', ', want of digestion: painful digestion.—adj. ', not digestible: not easily digested: not to be received or patiently endured.—adv. '.—adj. ', dyspeptic. [L. indigestus, unarranged—in, not, digerĕre, to arrange, digest.]

Indign, in-dīn′, adj. not worthy: disgraceful. [L. in, not, dignus, worthy.]

Indignant, in-dig′nant, adj. affected with anger and disdain.—n. ' (Spens.).—adv. '.—n. ', the feeling caused by what is unworthy or base: anger mixed with contempt: effect of indignant feeling.—v.t. ' (Spens.), to treat indignantly or disdainfully.—n. , unmerited contemptuous treatment: incivility with contempt or insult: (Spens.) unworthiness, base conduct. [L. indignans, pr.p. of indignāri, to consider as unworthy—in, not, dignus, worthy.]

Indigo, in′di-go, n. a blue dye obtained from the stalks of the indigo plant.—Indigo blue, the blue colouring matter of indigo, a crystalline solid, colourless and tasteless; Indigo plant, a plant of the genus Indigofera, from which indigo is obtained. [Sp. indico—L. indicum, from Indicus, Indian.]

Indirect, in-di-rekt′, adj. not direct or straight: not lineal or in direct succession: not related in the natural way, oblique: not straightforward or honest.—adv. '.—ns. ',  (Shak.), indirect course or means, dishonest practice.—Indirect evidence, or testimony, circumstantial or inferential evidence; Indirect object (gram.), a substantive word dependent on a verb less immediately than an accusative governed by it; Indirect syllogism (logic), a syllogism which can be made more cogent and useful by the process called reduction.

Indiscernible, in-diz-ėrn′i-bl, adj. not discernible.—adv. .

Indiscipline, in-dis′i-plin, n. want of discipline, disorder.—adj. .

Indiscoverable, in-dis-kuv′ėr-a-bl, adj. not discoverable.

Indiscreet, in-dis-krēt′, adj. not discreet: imprudent: injudicious.—adv. '.—ns. ', Indiscretion want of discretion: rashness: an indiscreet act.

Indiscriminate, in-dis-krim′i-nāt, adj. not distinguishing: promiscuous.—adv. '.—adjs. ', ', not discriminative.—n. '.

Indispensable, in-dis-pens′a-bl, adj. that cannot be dispensed with: absolutely necessary.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Indispose, in-dis-pōz′, v.t. to render indisposed, averse, or unfit.—pa.p. and adj. ', averse: slightly disordered in health.—ns. ', , state of being indisposed: disinclination: slight illness.

Indisputable, in-dis′pū-ta-bl, adj. certainly true: certain.—n. '.—adv. '.

Indissociable, in-dis-ō′shi-a-bl, adj. incapable of being separated.

Indissoluble, in-dis′ol-ū-bl, adj. that cannot be broken or violated: inseparable: binding for ever.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Indissolvable, in-dis-ol′va-bl, adj. that cannot be dissolved.

Indistinct, in-dis-tingkt′, adj. not plainly marked: confused: not clear to the mind: dim, imperfect, as of the senses.—adj. ', not capable of making distinctions.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. ', , confusion: absence of distinction, sameness.

Indistinguishable, in-dis-ting′gwish-a-bl, adj. that cannot be distinguished.—n. '.—adv. '.

Indite, in-dīt′, v.t. to compose or write: (B.) to arrange for utterance or writing: (Shak.) to invite.—v.i. to compose.—ns. '; '. [O. Fr. enditer, a doublet of indict.]

Indium, in′di-um, n. a soft malleable silver-white metallic element.

Indivertible, in-di-vert′i-bl, adj. not capable of being turned aside out of a course.

Individable, in-di-vīd′a-bl, adj. (Shak.) that cannot be divided.

Individual, in-di-vid′ū-al, adj. not divisible without loss of identity: subsisting as one: pertaining to one only, of a group where each constituent is different from the others: (Milt.) inseparable.—n. a single person, animal, plant, or thing.—n. '.—v.t. ', to stamp with individual character: to particularise.—ns. ', individual character: independent action as opposed to co-operation: that theory which opposes interference of the State in the affairs of individuals, opposed to Socialism or Collectivism: (logic) the doctrine that individual things alone are real: the doctrine that nothing exists but the individual self; '.—adj. '.—n. ', separate and distinct existence: oneness: distinctive character.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to individualise: to make single.—n. , the question as to what it is that distinguishes one organised or living being, or one thinking being, from all others. [L. individuus—in, not, dividuus, divisible—dividĕre, to divide.]

Indivisible, in-di-viz′i-bl, adj. not divisible.—n. (math.) an indefinitely small quantity.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Indo-Chinese, in′dō-chī-nēz′, adj. of or pertaining to Indo-China, the south-eastern peninsula of Asia.

Indocile, in-dō′sīl, or in-dos′il, adj. not docile: not disposed to be instructed—also '.—n. '.

Indoctrinate, in-dok′trin-āt, v.t. to instruct in any doctrine: to imbue with any opinion.—ns. '; '.

Indo-European, in′dō-ū-rō-pē′an, adj. a term applied to the family of languages variously called Aryan, Japhetic, Sanscritic, Indo-Germanic, generally classified into seven great branches—viz. Indic, Iranian or Persic, Celtic, Greek, Italic, Slavo-Lettic, Teutonic.

Indolent, in′dō-lent, adj. indisposed to activity.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [L. in, not, dolens, -entis, pr.p. of dolēre, to suffer pain.]

Indomitable, in-dom′it-a-bl, adj. that cannot be tamed: not to be subdued.—adv. .

Indoor, in′dōr, adj. performed indoors.—adv. , within doors.—Indoor relief, support given to paupers in public buildings, as opposed to Outdoor relief, or help given them at their own homes.

Indorse. See Endorse.

Indra, in′dra, n. the god of the firmament and of rain. [Sans.]

Indraught, in′dräft, n. a drawing of something, as air, into a place.

Indrawn, in′drawn, adj. drawn in: manifesting mental abstraction.

Indrench, in-drensh′, v.t. (Shak.) to overwhelm with water.

Indubious, in-dū′bi-us, adj. not dubious: certain.

Indubitable, in-dū′bit-a-bl, adj. that cannot be doubted: certain.—n. '.—adv. '.

Induce, in-dūs′, v.t. to prevail on: to cause or produce in any way: (obs.) to place upon: (physics) to cause, as an electric state, by mere proximity of surfaces.—ns. ', that which induces or causes: incentive, motive: (law) a statement of facts introducing other important facts; '.—adj. .—Induced current (elect.), a current set in action by the influence of the surrounding magnetic field, or by the variation of an adjacent current. [L. inducĕre, inductum—in, into, ducĕre, to lead.]

Induct, in-dukt′, v.t. to introduce: to put in possession, as of a benefice.—adj. ', that cannot be drawn out into wire or threads.—ns. '; ', introduction to an office, especially of a clergyman: an introduction, a prelude independent of the main work, but giving some notion of its aim and meaning: the act or process of reasoning from particular cases to general conclusions: (physics) the production by one body of an opposite electric state in another by proximity.—adjs. ', '.—n. ', an electrical machine consisting of two coils of wire, in which every variation of the primary or inner current induces a current in the outer or secondary circuit.—adv. '.—n. '.—Induction by simple enumeration, logical induction by enumeration of all the cases singly; Inductive philosophy, Bacon's name for science founded on induction or observation; Inductive reasoning, opp. to Deductive reasoning (see Deductive); Inductive science, any special branch of science founded on positive and observable fact. [See Induce.]

Indue. See Endue.

Indulge, in-dulj′, v.t. to yield to the wishes of: not to restrain, as the will, &c.—v.i. (with in) to gratify one's appetites freely.—ns. ', gratification: forbearance of present payment: in the R.C. Church, a remission, to a repentant sinner, of the temporal punishment which remains due after the sin and its eternal punishment have been remitted (Plenary indulgences, such as remit all; Partial, a portion of the temporal punishment due to sin; Temporal, those granted only for a time; Perpetual or Indefinite, those which last till revoked; Personal, those granted to a particular person or confraternity; Local, those gained only in a particular place): exemption of an individual from an ecclesiastical law.—adjs. ', yielding to the wishes of others: compliant: not severe; '.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', a license granted by the Pope, authorising something to be done which the common law of the Church does not sanction.—Declaration of Indulgence, a proclamation of James II. in 1687, by which he promised to suspend all laws tending to force the conscience of his subjects. [L. indulgēre, to be kind to—in, in, and prob. L. dulcis, sweet.]

Induline, in′dū-lin, n. a name of various coal-tar colours used in dyeing cotton wool and silk dark-blue colours resembling indigo.

Indumentum, in-dū-men′tum, n. (bot.) any hairy covering: plumage, of birds. [L.]

Induplicate, in-dū′pli-kāt, adj. having the margins doubled inwards, said of the calyx or corolla in æstivation.—n. .

Indurate, in′dū-rāt, v.t. to harden, as the feelings.—v.i. to grow hard: to harden.—n. '.—adj. '. [L. indurāre, —in, in, durāre, to harden.]

Indusium, in-dū′zi-um, n. (bot.) a sort of hairy cup enclosing the stigma of a flower: the scale covering the fruit-spot of ferns.—adj. ' (geol.), composed of ', or the petrified larva-cases of insects. [L.,—induĕre, to put on.]

Industry, in′dus-tri, n. quality of being diligent: assiduity: steady application to labour: habitual diligence: manufacture: trade.—adj. ', relating to or consisting in industry.—n. ', devotion to labour or industrial pursuits: that system or condition of society in which industrial labour is the chief and most characteristic feature, opposed to feudalism and the military spirit.—adv. '.—adj. ', diligent or active in one's labour: laborious: diligent in a particular pursuit.—adv. .—Industrial exhibition, museum, an exhibition, museum, of industrial products or manufactures; Industrial school, a school in which agricultural or some other industrial art is taught: a school where neglected children are taught mechanical arts. [Fr.,—L.; perh. from indo, old form of in, within, and struĕre, to build up.]

Induviæ, in-dū′vi-ē, n.pl. (bot.) the withered leaves which remain persistent on the stems of some plants.—adjs. '; '. [L.]

Indwell, in′dwel, v.i. to dwell or abide in.—n. ', an inhabitant.—adj. ', dwelling within, abiding permanently in the mind or soul.—n. residence within, or in the heart or soul.

Inearth, in-ėrth′, v.t. to inter.

Inebriate, in-ē′bri-āt, v.t. to make drunk, to intoxicate: to exhilarate greatly.—adj. drunk: intoxicated.—n. a habitual drunkard.—adj. ', intoxicating—also n.—ns. ', ', drunkenness: intoxication.—adj. ', drunk: causing intoxication. [L. inebriāre, -ātum—in, inten., ebriāre, to make drunk—ebrius, drunk.]

Inedible, in-ed′i-bl, adj. unfit to be eaten.

Inedited, in-ed′it-ed, adj. not edited: unpublished.

Ineffable, in-ef′a-bl, adj. that cannot be described, inexpressible.—n. '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. ineffabilis—in, not, effabilis, effable.]

Ineffaceable, in-ef-fās′a-bl, adj. that cannot be rubbed out.—adv. .

Ineffective, in-ef-fek′tiv, adj. not effective: useless.—adv. '.—adj. ', fruitless.—ns. ', '.—adv. '.—adj. ', not having power to produce an effect.—adv. '.—n. ', want of efficacy.—n. '.—adj. ', effecting, or capable of effecting, nothing.—adv. .

Inelastic, in-ē-las′tik, adj. not elastic: incompressible.—n. .

Inelegance, in-el′e-gans, n. want of elegance: want of beauty or polish—also '.—adj. ', wanting in beauty, refinement, or ornament.—adv. .

Ineligible, in-el′i-ji-bl, adj. not capable, or worthy, of being chosen: unsuitable.—n. '.—adv. '.

Ineloquent, in-el′o-kwent, adj. not fluent or persuasive.—n. .

Ineluctable, in-e-luk′ta-bl, adj. not to be overcome or escaped from.

Inenarrable, in-e-nar′a-bl, adj. incapable of being narrated or told.

Inept, in-ept′, adj. not apt or fit: unsuitable: foolish: inexpert.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. ineptus—in, not, aptus, apt.]

Inequable, in-ē′kwa-bl, adj. not equable, changeable.

Inequality, in-e-kwol′i-ti, n. want of equality: difference: inadequacy: incompetency: unevenness: dissimilarity.

Inequitable, in-ek′wi-ta-bl, adj. unfair, unjust.—adv. '.—n. ', lack of equity: an unjust action.

Ineradicable, in-e-rad′i-ka-bl, adj. not able to be eradicated or rooted out.—adv. .

Inerrable, in-er′a-bl, adj. incapable of erring.—adv. '.—n. ', freedom from error.—adj. , unerring.

Inert, in-ėrt′, adj. dull: senseless: inactive: slow: without the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion: powerless.—n. ', inertness: the inherent property of matter by which it tends to remain for ever at rest when still, and in motion when moving.—adv. '.—n. . [Fr.,—L. iners—in, not, ars, art.]

Inerudite, in-er′ū-dīt, adj. not erudite: unlearned.

Inescapable, in-es-kā′pa-bl, adj. not to be escaped: inevitable.

Inescutcheon, in-es-kuch′un, n. (her.) a single shield borne as a charge.

Inessential, in-es-sen′shal, adj. not essential or necessary: immaterial.

Inestimable, in-es′tim-a-bl, adj. not able to be estimated or valued: priceless.—adv. .

Ineunt, in′ē-unt, n. (math.) a point of a curve. [Iniens, ineunt-is, pr.p. of inīre, to go in.]

Inevitable, in-ev′it-a-bl, adj. not able to be evaded or avoided: that cannot be escaped: irresistible.—n. '.—adv. '.—The inevitable, that which is sure to happen. [Fr.,—L. inevitabilis—in, not, evitabilis, avoidable—evitāre, to avoid—e, out of, vitāre, to avoid.]

Inexact, in-egz-akt′, adj. not precisely correct or true.—ns. ', '.

Inexcusable, in-eks-kūz′a-bl, adj. not justifiable: unpardonable.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inexecrable, in-ek′se-krä-bl, adj. prob. for inexorable in Shak., Merchant of Venice, IV. i. 128.

Inexecutable, in-ek-se-kūt′a-bl, adj. incapable of being executed.—n. .

Inexhausted, in-egz-hawst′ed, adj. not exhausted or spent.—n. '.—adj. ', not able to be exhausted or spent: unfailing.—adv. '.—adj. ', not to be exhausted: unfailing: not exhaustive.

Inexistence, in-eg-zist′ens, n. non-existence.—adj. .

Inexorable, in-egz′or-a-bl, adj. not to be moved by entreaty: unrelenting: unalterable.—ns. ', '.—adv. .—Inexorable logic of facts, Mazzini's phrase for the inexorable force of circumstances, whose conclusions are beyond the reach of argument. [L.,—in, not, exorabilis—exorāre—ex, out of, orāre, to entreat.]

Inexpansible, in-eks-pan′si-bl, adj. incapable of being expanded.

Inexpectant, in-eks-pek′tant, adj. not expecting.

Inexpedient, in-eks-pē′di-ent, adj. not tending to promote any end: unfit: inconvenient.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inexpensive, in-eks-pens′iv, adj. of slight expense.

Inexperience, in-eks-pē′ri-ens, n. want of experience.—adj. , not having experience: unskilled or unpractised.

Inexpert, in-eks-pėrt′, adj. unskilled.—n. .

Inexpiable, in-eks′pi-a-bl, adj. not able to be expiated or atoned for, implacable.—n. '.—adv. '.

Inexplicable, in-eks′pli-ka-bl, adj. that cannot be explained: unintelligible.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Inexplicit, in-eks-plis′it, adj. not clear.

Inexplorable, in-eks-plōr′a-bl, adj. that cannot be explored or discovered.

Inexplosive, in-eks-plō′siv, adj. not explosive.

Inexpressible, in-eks-pres′i-bl, adj. that cannot be expressed: unutterable: indescribable.—n.pl. (coll. and supposed to be humorous) trousers.—adv. '.—adj. ', not expressive or significant.—n. .

Inexpugnable, in-eks-pug′na-bl (or -pū′-), adj. not to be overcome by force.—adv. .

Inextended, in-eks-tend′ed, adj. not extended, without extension.—n. '.—adj. '.—n. .

Inextinguishable, in-eks-ting′gwish-a-bl, adj. that cannot be extinguished, quenched, or destroyed.—adv. .

Inextricable, in-eks′tri-ka-bl, adj. not able to be extricated or disentangled.—adv. .

Infall, in′fal, n. (Carlyle) an inroad.

Infallible, in-fal′i-bl, adj. incapable of error: trustworthy: certain.—ns. '; '; '.—adv. '.—The doctrine of infallibility in the R.C. Church, since 1870, is that the Pope, when speaking ex cathedrâ, is kept from error in all that regards faith and morals.

Infamous, in′fa-mus, adj. having a reputation of the worst kind: publicly branded with guilt: notoriously vile: disgraceful.—vs.t. ', to defame; ', ' (Shak.), to defame, to brand with infamy.—adv. '.—n. , ill fame or repute: public disgrace: extreme vileness: (law) a stigma attaching to the character of a person so as to disqualify him from being a witness. [Fr.,—L. in, not, fama, fame.]

Infant, in′fant, n. a babe: (Eng. law) a person under twenty-one years of age.—adj. belonging to infants or to infancy: tender: intended for infants.—v.t. (obs.) to have as an infant: to give rise to.—n. , the state or time of being an infant: childhood: the beginning of anything: (Milt.) want of distinct utterance.—adjs. Infantile or  Infantine  or  pertaining to infancy or to an infant. [L. infans, -antis—in, not, fans, pr.p. of fāri, to speak; Gr. phēmi.]

Infanta, in-fan′ta, n. a title given to any one of the legitimate daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the heiress-apparent, or to any one married to an Infante.—n. Infante a title given to any one of the legitimate sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the heir-apparent. [Sp. from root of infant.]

Infanticide, in-fant′i-sīd, n. child murder; the murderer of an infant.—adj. . [Fr.,—L. infanticidium—infans, an infant, cædĕre, to kill.]

Infantry, in′fant-ri, n. foot-soldiers. [Fr. infanterie—It. infanteria—infante, fante, a child, a servant, a foot-soldier—L. infantem, infans.]

Infatuate, in-fat′ū-āt, v.t. to make foolish: to affect with folly: to deprive of judgment: to inspire with foolish passion: to stupefy.—adj. infatuated or foolish.—n. . [L. infatuāre, -ātum—in, in, fatuus, foolish.]

Infaust, in-fawst′, adj. unlucky: unfortunate. [L. infaustus—in, not, faustus, propitious.]

Infeasible, in-fēz′i-bl, adj. not feasible: that cannot be done or accomplished.—n. , the state of being infeasible or impracticable.

Infect, in-fekt′, v.t. to taint, especially with disease: to corrupt: to poison.—adj. (Shak.) tainted.—n. ', act of infecting: that which infects or taints.—adjs. ', ', having the quality of infecting: corrupting: apt to spread.—adv. '.—n. . [Fr.,—L. inficĕre, infectum—in, into facĕre, to make.]

Infecundity, in-fe-kun′di-ti, n. want of fecundity or fertility: unfruitfulness.—adj. .

Infeftment, in-feft′ment, n. a Scotch law term, used to denote the symbolical giving possession of land, which was the completion of the title.—=Enfeoff.

Infelicitous, in-fe-lis′i-tus, adj. not felicitous or happy: inappropriate, inapt.—n. , want of felicity or happiness, misery, misfortune: unsuitableness: anything unsuitable or improper.

Infelonious, in-fe-lō′ni-us, adj. not felonious.

Infelt, in′felt, adj. felt deeply, heart-felt.

Infer, in-fėr′, v.t. to deduce, to derive, as a consequence: to prove or imply.—v.i. to conclude:—pr.p. pa.p. —adjs. ', ', that may be inferred or deduced.—n. ', that which is inferred or deduced: the act of drawing a conclusion from premises, conclusion, consequence.—adj. ', deducible or deduced by inference.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. inferre—in, into, ferre, to bring.]

Inferiæ, in-fē′ri-ē, n.pl. offerings to the manes of the dead. [L.]

Inferior, in-fē′ri-ur, adj. lower in any respect: subordinate: secondary.—n. one lower in rank or station: one younger than another.—n. ', the state of being inferior: a lower position in any respect.—adv. ', in an inferior manner. [L. inferior, comp. of inferus, low.]

Infernal, in-fėr′nal, adj. belonging to the lower regions: resembling or suitable to hell, devilish: outrageous.—n. '.—adv. '.—n.  (It.), hell, the title and the subject of one of the divisions of Dante's great poem, La Divina Commedia.—Infernal machine, a contrivance made to resemble some ordinary harmless object, but charged with a dangerous explosive. [Fr.,—L. infernus—inferus.]

Infertile, in-fėr-til, adj. not productive: barren.—n. .

Infest, in-fest′, v.t. to disturb: to harass.—adj. (Spens.) hostile: troublesome.—n.  (Milt.), molestation. [Fr.,—L. infestāre, from infestus, hostile, from in and an old verb fendere, to strike, found in of-fendĕre, de-fendĕre.]

Infeudation, in-fū-dā′shun, n. the putting of an estate in fee: the granting of tithes to laymen.

Infibulate, in-fib′ū-lāt, v.t. to clasp with a padlock.—n. , act of confining, esp. the sexual organs.

Infidel, in′fi-del, adj. unbelieving: sceptical: disbelieving Christianity.—n. one who rejects Christianity as a divine revelation, but the word is not used of heathens.—n. , want of faith or belief: disbelief in Christianity: unfaithfulness, esp. to the marriage contract: treachery. [Fr.,—L. infidelis—in, not, fidelis, faithful—fides, faith.]

Infield, in′fēld, n. in base-ball, the space enclosed within the base-lines: (Scot.) land under tillage:—opp. to Outfield.—v.t. to enclose.

Infighting, in′fīt-ing, n. boxing at close quarters when blows from the shoulder cannot be given.

Infiltrate, in-fil′trāt, v.t. to enter a substance by filtration, or through its pores.—v.t. ', to filter or sift in.—n. ', the process of infiltrating, or the substance infiltrated.

Infinite, in′fin-it, adj. without end or limit: without bounds: (math.) either greater or smaller than any quantity that can be assigned.—n. that which is not only without determinate bounds, but which cannot possibly admit of bound or limit: the Absolute, the Infinite Being or God.—adjs. ', denoting merely negative attribution; ', pertaining to infinity.—v.t. ', to make infinite.—adv. '.—n. ', the state of being infinite: immensity.—adj. ', infinitely small.—n. an infinitely small quantity.—adv. '.—adj. ' (mus.), perpetual.—ns. ', ', boundlessness: immensity: countless or indefinite number.

Infinitive, in-fin′it-iv, adj. (lit.) unlimited, unrestricted: (gram.) the mood of the verb which expresses the idea without person or number.—adj. '.—adv. '. [Fr.,—L. infinitivus.]

Infirm, in-fėrm′, adj. feeble: sickly: weak: not solid: irresolute: imbecile.—ns. ', an officer in a monastery having charge of the quarters for the sick; ', a hospital or place for the treatment of the sick; ', disease: failing: defect: imbecility.—adv. '. [O. Fr.,—L. infirmus—in, not, firmus, strong.]

Infix, in-fiks′, v.t. to fix in: to drive or fasten in: to set in by piercing. [O. Fr.,—L. infixus—in, in, figĕre, fixum, to fix.]

Inflame, in-flām′, v.t. to cause to flame: to cause to burn: to excite: to increase: to exasperate.—v.i. to become hot, painful, or angry.—ns. ', ', the quality of being inflammable.—adj. ', that may be burned: combustible: easily kindled or excited.—adv. '.—n. ', state of being in flame: heat of a part of the body, with pain, redness, and swelling: violent excitement: heat.—adj. ', tending to inflame: inflaming: exciting. [O. Fr.,—L. inflammāre—in, into, flamma, a flame.]

Inflate, in-flāt′, v.t. to swell with air: to puff up, elate.—adj. ', swollen or blown out: turgid.—adv. '.—ns. ', state of being puffed up; ', a breathing into: inspiration. [L. inflāre, —in, into, flāre, to blow.]

Inflect, in-flekt′, v.t. to bend in: to turn from a direct line or course: to modulate, as the voice: (gram.) to vary in the terminations.—ns. ', ', a bending or deviation: modulation of the voice: (gram.) the varying in termination to express the relations of case, number, gender, person, tense, &c.—adjs. ', '; ', '; ', subject to inflection; ', bent inward: bent: turned.—ns. ', '.—adj. ', that cannot be bent: unyielding: unbending.—adv. '.—n. , a bend or fold. [L. inflectĕre—in, in, flectĕre, flexum, to bend.]

Inflict, in-flikt′, v.t. to lay on: to impose, as punishment.—n. ', act of inflicting or imposing: punishment applied.—adj. ', tending or able to inflict. [L. inflictus, infligĕre—in, against, fligĕre, to strike.]

Inflorescence, in-flor-es′ens, n. character or mode of flowering of a plant. [Fr.,—L. inflorescens—inflorescĕre, to begin to blossom.]

Inflow, in′flō, n. the act of flowing in or into, influx.

Influence, in′flōō-ens, n. power exerted on men or things: power in operation: authority.—v.t. to affect: to move: to direct.—adj. ', having or exerting influence or power over.—adv. '. [Orig. a term in astrology, the power or virtue supposed to flow from planets upon men and things; O. Fr.,—Low L. influentia—L. in, into, fluĕre, to flow.]

Influent, in′flōō-ent, adj. flowing in.

Influenza, in-flōō-en′za, n. a severe epidemic catarrh, accompanied with weakening fever. [It.,—L., a by-form of influence.]

Influx, in′fluks, n. a flowing in: infusion: abundant accession.—n. , infusion. [L. influxus—influĕre.]

Infold. See Enfold.

Inform, in-form′, v.t. to give form to: to animate or give life to: to impart knowledge to: to tell: (Milt.) to direct.—v.i. (Shak.) to take shape or form: to give information (with against or on).—adj. ', not in proper form: irregular.—n. '.—adv. '.—ns. ', one who informs or gives intelligence; ', intelligence given: knowledge: an accusation given to a magistrate or court.—adjs. ', having power to form: instructive; ', instructive; ' (Spens.), unformed: (astron.) of stars not included within the figures of any of the ancient constellations.—n. , one who informs against another. [O. Fr.,—L. informāre—in, into, formāre, to form.]

Informidable, in-for′mi-da-bl, adj. (Milt.) not formidable.

Infortune, in-for′tūn, n. misfortune.

Infracostal, in-fra-kos′tal, adj. situated beneath the ribs.

Infraction, in-frak′shun, n. violation, esp. of law: breach.—v.t. ', to break off.—n. ', one who infracts. [L.,—in, in, frangĕre, fractum, to break.]

Infragrant, in-frā′grant, adj. not fragrant.

Infrahuman, in-fra-hū′man, adj. having qualities lower than human.

Infralapsarianism, in-frä-lap-sā′ri-an-izm, n. (theol.) the common Augustinian and Calvinist doctrine, that God for His own glory determined to create the world, to permit the fall of men, to elect from the mass of fallen men an innumerable multitude as 'vessels of mercy,' to send His Son for their redemption, to leave the residue of mankind to suffer the just punishment of their sins—distinct both from the Supralapsarianism of the strictest Calvinists and the Sublapsarianism held by moderate Calvinists.—n. , one who holds the foregoing. [L. infra, below, after, lapsus, the fall.]

Inframaxillary, in-fra-mak′si-la-ri, adj. situated under the jaw: belonging to the lower jaw.

Inframundane, in-fra-mun′dān, adj. lying or being beneath the world. [L. infra, beneath, mundus, the world.]

Infrangible, in-fran′ji-bl, adj. that cannot be broken: not to be violated.—ns. ', '.

Infraorbital, in-fra-or′bi-tal, adj. situated below the orbit of the eye.

Infrascapular, in-fra-skap′ū-lar, adj. situated below the scapula.

Infrequent, in-frē′kwent, adj. seldom occurring: rare: uncommon.—ns. ', '.—adv. .

Infringe, in-frinj′, v.t. to violate, esp. law: to neglect to obey.—n. , breach: violation: non-fulfilment. [L. infringĕre—in, in, frangĕre.]

Infructuous, in-fruk′tū-us, adj. not fruitful.—adv. .

Infula, in′fū-la, n. a white-and-red fillet or band of woollen stuff, worn upon the forehead, as a sign of religious consecration and of inviolability: a lappet in a mitre:—pl.  (ē). [L.]

Infumation, in-fūm-ā′shun, n. the act of drying in smoke.—v.t. . [L. infumāre, —in, in, fumāre, to smoke—fumus, smoke.]

Infundibular, in-fun-dib′ū-lar, adj. having the form of a funnel.—Also ', '. [L. in, in, fundĕre, to pour.]

Infuriate, in-fū′ri-āt, v.t. to enrage: to madden.—adj. enraged: mad. [L. in, in, furiāre, to madden—furĕre, to rave.]

Infuscate, in-fus′kāt, adj. clouded with brown.

Infuse, in-fūz′, v.t. to pour into: to inspire with: to introduce: to steep in liquor without boiling: (Shak.) to shed, pour.—n. (Spens.) infusion.—adj. '.—n. ', the pouring of water over any substance, in order to extract its active qualities: a solution in water of an organic, esp. a vegetable, substance: the liquor so obtained: inspiration: instilling.—adj. , having the power of infusion, or of being infused. [L. infundĕre, infusum—in, into, fundĕre, fusum, to pour.]

Infusible, in-fūz′i-bl, adj. that cannot be dissolved or melted.

Infusoria, in-fū-sō′ri-a, n.pl. a name given to several classes of active Protozoa, some of which appear in great numbers in stagnant infusions of animal or vegetable material.—adjs. ', ', composed of or containing infusoria.—n. and adj. .—Infusorial earth, a siliceous deposit formed chiefly of the frustates of Diatoms—used as Tripoli powder for polishing purposes. [L.]

Ingate, in′gāt, n. (Spens.) a way in, entrance.

Ingathering, in′gäth-ėr-ing, n. the collecting and securing of the fruits of the earth: harvest.—Feast of Ingathering (see Tabernacles, Feast of).

Ingeminate, in-jem′in-āt, v.t. to repeat.—n. . [L. ingemināre, -ātum—in, in, geminus, twin.]

Ingener, in-jē′nėr, n. (Shak.) an ingenious person: a contriver: a designer.

Ingenerate, in-jen′ėr-āt, v.t. to generate or produce within.—adj. inborn: innate.

Ingenious, in-jē′ni-us, adj. of good natural abilities: skilful in inventing: witty.—adv. '.—ns. ', ', power of ready invention: facility in combining ideas: curiousness in design; ', bent of mind. [L. ingeniosus—ingenium, mother-wit, from in, and gen, root of gignĕre, to beget.]

Ingenuous, in-jen′ū-us, adj. frank: honourable: free from deception.—adv. '—n. '. [L. ingenuus.]

Ingest, in-jest′, v.t. to throw into the stomach.—n.pl. ', substances introduced into an organic body.—n. ':—opp. to Egestion.

Ingle, ing′gl, n. (Scot.) a fire: fireplace.—ns. ', ' (Scot.), a fireside. [Gael. aingeal; but prob. L.—igniculus, dim. of ignis, fire.]

Ingle, ing′gl, n. a familiar friend. [Origin obscure.]

Inglobe, in-glōb′, v.t. (Milt.) to encircle: involve.—adj. , in the form of a globe or sphere.

Inglorious, in-glō′ri-us, adj. not glorious: without honour: shameful.—adv. '.—n. '.

Ingluvies, in-glōō′vi-ēz, n. the crop or craw of birds.—adj. . [L.]

Ingoing, in′-gō-ing, n. a going in: entrance.—adj. going in: entering as an occupant.

Ingot, in′got, n. a mass of unwrought metal, esp. gold or silver, cast in a mould. [A.S. in, in, and goten, pa.p. of geótan, to pour; Ger. giessen, Goth. giutan. The Ger. einguss is an exact parallel to ingot.]

Ingraft. See Engraft.

Ingrain, in′grān′, v.t. the same as Engrain.—adj. dyed in the yarn or thread before manufacture.

Ingrate, in′grāt, n. (Milt.) one who is ungrateful.—adj. , unthankful.

Ingratiate, in-grā′shi-āt, v.t. to commend to grace or favour (used reflexively, and followed by with): to secure the good-will of another. [L. in, into, gratia, favour.]

Ingratitude, in-grat′i-tūd, n. unthankfulness: the return of evil for good. [Low L. ingratitudo—L. ingratus, unthankful.]

Ingredient, in-grē′di-ent, n. that which enters into compound: a component part of anything. [Fr.,—L. ingrediens, -entis, pr.p. of ingredi—in, into, gradi, to enter.]

Ingress, in′gres, n. entrance: power, right, or means of entrance.—n. . [L. ingressus—ingredi.]

Ingroove. See Engroove.

Ingross, in-grōs′, v.t. (Shak.). Same as Engross.

Ingrowing, in′grō-ing, adj. growing inward.—n. .

Inguilty, in-gilt′i, adj. (Shak.) not guilty.

Inguinal, ing′gwin-al, adj. relating to the groin. [L. inguinalis—inguen, inguinus, the groin.]

Ingulf. See Engulf.

Ingurgitate, in-gur′ji-tāt, v.t. to swallow up greedily, as in a gulf.—n. . [L. ingurgitāre, -ātum—in, into, gurges, a whirlpool.]

Inhabit, in-hab′it, v.t. to dwell in: to occupy.—v.i. (Shak.) to dwell.—adj. ', that may be inhabited.—ns. ', ', the act of inhabiting: actual residence; ', one who inhabits: a resident.—adj. resident.—ns. ', the act of inhabiting: dwelling-place: (Milt.) population; ' (B.), an inhabitant; ', love of locality and home; ', a female inhabitant. [Fr.,—L., from in, in, habitāre, to dwell.]

Inhale, in-hāl′, v.t. to draw in the breath, to draw into the lungs, as air.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', the drawing into the lungs, as air, or fumes; '. [L. inhalāre, to breathe upon—in, upon, halāre, to breathe.]