Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Heresy Holy

Heresy, her′e-si, n. the adoption and maintaining opinions contrary to the authorised teaching of the religious community to which one naturally belongs: an opinion adopted for one's self in opposition to the usual belief: heterodoxy.—ns. Heresiarch or  a leader in heresy, a chief among heretics; ', one who writes about heresies; ', a treatise on heresies; ', a student of, or writer on, heresies; ', the study or the history of heresies; ', the upholder of a heresy.—adj. '.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to denounce as heretical. [O. Fr. heresie—L. hæresis—Gr. hairesis—hairein, to take.]

Heriot, her′i-ot, n. (Eng. law) a kind of fine due to the lord of a manor on the death of a person holding land of the manor, and consisting of the best beast, jewel, or chattel that belonged to the deceased.—adj. . [A.S. heregeatu, a military preparation—here, an army, geatwe, apparatus.]

Herisson, her′i-son, n. a beam turning on a pivot and supplied with sharp spikes, for the defence of a gate, &c.: (her.) a hedgehog.—adj. Hérissé, bristled. [A doublet of urchin.]

Heritable, her′i-ta-bl, adj. that may be inherited.—n. '.—adv. '.—n. , in Scotland, a landholder in a parish.—Heritable property (Scots law), real property, as opposed to movable property or chattels; Heritable security, same as English mortgage. [O. Fr. heritable, hereditable— L. hereditabilis—L. hereditas.]

Heritage, her′it-āj, n. that which is inherited: inherited lot, condition of one's birth: (B.) the children (of God). [O. Fr. heritage, heriter—Late L. hereditāre, to inherit.]

Herling, her′ling, n. the young of the sea-trout.

Hermæ. See Hermes.

Hermandad, ėr-man-dad′, n. a confederation of the entire burgher class of Spain for police and judicial purposes, formed in 1282, and formally legalised in 1485. [Sp., 'brotherhood,' hermano—L. germanus, kindred.]

Hermaphrodite, hėr-maf′rod-īt, n. an animal or a plant in which the two sexual characteristics are united: an abnormal individual in whom are united the properties of both sexes.—adj. uniting the distinctions of both sexes.—ns. ', ', the union of the two sexes in one body.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to a hermaphrodite: partaking of both sexes.—Hermaphrodite brig, a brig square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. [L.,—Gr. Hermaphrodītos, the son of Hermēs and Aphroditē, who, when bathing, grew together with the nymph Salmacis into one person.]

Hermeneutic, -al, hėr-me-nū′tik, -al, adj. interpreting: explanatory: exigetical.—adv. '.—n.sing. ', the science of interpretation or exegesis, esp. of the Scriptures.—n. , one versed in hermeneutics. [Gr. —hermēneus, an interpreter, from Hermēs, Mercury, the god of art and eloquence.]

Hermes, hėr′mēz, n. the herald and messenger of the gods of Greek mythology, patron of herdsmen, arts, and thieves: a head or bust on a square base, often double-faced:—pl. Hermæ the Egyptian Thoth, identified with the Greek Hermes.

Hermetic, -al, hėr-met′ik, -al, adj. belonging in any way to the the beliefs current in the Middle Ages under the name of Hermes, the Thrice Great: belonging to magic or alchemy, magical: perfectly close.—adv. '.—n.pl. ', the philosophy wrapped up in the Hermetic books, esoteric science: alchemy.—Hermetically sealed, closed completely, said of a glass vessel, the opening of which is closed by melting the glass. [From Hermēs Trismegistos, Hermes 'the thrice-greatest,' the Greek name for the Egyptian god Thoth, who was god of science, esp. alchemy.]

Hermit, hėr′mit, n. one who retires from society and lives in solitude or in the desert for purposes of devotion: one of certain animals of solitary habit.—ns. ', ', the dwelling of a hermit: a retired abode: a wine produced near Valence, in Drôme; ', the name of a family of crustaceans notable for their habit of sheltering themselves in gasteropod shells.—adj. ', relating to a hermit. [M. E. eremite, through Fr. and L. from Gr. erēmitēs—erēmos, solitary.]

Hern. Same as Heron.

Hern, a provincial form for hers.

Hernia, hėr′ni-a, n. a protrusion, through an abnormal or accidental opening, of the abdominal viscera, the condition popularly called rupture.—adjs. '; '; '.—ns. ', the branch of surgery which treats of ruptures; , the operation of cutting for hernia. [L.]

Hernshaw, hėrn′shaw, n. (Spens.). Same as Heronshaw.

Hero, hē′rō, n. a man of distinguished bravery: any illustrious person: the principal figure in any history or work of fiction: (orig.) a demigod:—fem. Heroine —adj. ', becoming a hero: courageous: illustrious: daring, rash.—n. a heroic verse: (pl.) extravagant phrases, bombast.—adj. '.—adv. '—(Milt.) '.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', ', consisting of a mixture of heroic and comic: designating the high burlesque.—ns. ', the qualities of a hero: courage: boldness; ', the state of being a hero; , the worship of heroes: excessive admiration of great men.—Heroic age, the semi-mythical period of Greek history, when the heroes or demigods were represented to have lived among men; Heroic medicines, such as either kill or cure; Heroic size, in sculpture, larger than life, but less than colossal; Heroic verse, the style of verse in which the exploits of heroes are celebrated (in classical poetry, the hexameter; in English and German, the iambic of ten syllables; in French, the alexandrine). [Through O. Fr. and L. from Gr. hērōs; akin to L. vir, A.S. wer, a man, Sans. víra, a hero.]

Herodians, he-rō′di-ans, n.pl. a political rather than religious party among the Jews of the apostolic age, adherents of the family of Herod. Herod was represented as a swaggering tyrant in the old dramatic performances—hence 'to out-herod Herod' (Shak.)—to exceed in bombast and passionate grandiloquence.

Heron, her′un, n. a large screaming water-fowl, with long legs and neck.—n. , a place where herons breed. [O. Fr. hairon—Old High Ger. heigir.]

Heronshaw, her′un-shaw, n. a young heron. [Properly heronswewe (O. Fr. herounçel), which was confounded with the old form hernshaw, a heronry, from heron, and shaw, a wood.]

Herpes, hėr′pēz, n. the name of a group of diseases of the skin, characterised by the presence of clusters of vesicles on an inflamed base—Catarrhal herpes and Herpes zoster or Shingles.—adj. , relating to or resembling herpes: creeping. [Gr. herpēs—herpein, to creep.]

Herpestes, her-pes′tez, n. the typical genus of ichneumons or mongooses of the sub-family Herpestinæ, viverroid carnivores, having straight toes, claws not retractile. [Gr.]

Herpetology, her-pet-ol′oj-i, n. the branch of natural history which treats of reptiles.—adjs. ', serpent-like; ', ', pertaining to herpetology.—adv. '.—n. , one versed in herpetology.

Herr, her, n. lord, master, the German term of address equivalent to Mr. [Ger.]

Herring, her′ing, n. a common small sea-fish of great commercial value, found moving in great shoals or multitudes.—adj. ', like the spine of a herring, applied to a kind of masonry in which the stones slope in different directions in alternate rows.—ns. ', one whose employment is to catch herring; '; ', the ocean, esp. the Atlantic or the English Channel.—Herring-bone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch used in embroidery, in mending sails, &c.—Kippered herring, herring smoked and preserved; Red herring, herring cured and dried, and having as the result a red appearance. [A.S. hǽring, héring; cf. Ger. häring, heer.]

Herrnhuter, hern′hut-ėr, n. one of the Moravians or United Brethren, so called from their settlement in 1722 at Herrnhut in Saxony.

Herry, a Scotch form of harry.—n. , harassment.

Hers, hėrz, pron. possessive of she.

Hersal, hėr′sal, n. (Spens.) rehearsal.

Herse, hėrs, n. (fort.) a portcullis: a species of cheval-de-frise.—adj. Hersed, arranged in harrow form. [Hearse.]

Herself, hėr-self′, pron. the emphatic form of she in the nominative or objective case: in her real character: having the command of her facilities, sane.

Hership, hėr′ship, n. the carrying off of cattle: (Scot.) foray. [Here, army, or stem of A.S. herjan, to harry; cf. Ice. herskapr, warfare—herr, army, and -skapr,

Hery, hē′ri, v.t. (Spens.) to praise, to regard as holy. [A.S. herian, to praise.]

Hesitate, hez′i-tāt, v.i. to stop in making a decision: to be in doubt: to stammer.—v.t. (rare) to express with hesitation.—ns. ', ', wavering: doubt: stammering.—adj. ', hesitating.—adv. '.—adj. ', showing hesitation.—n. ', one who hesitates.—adj. , hesitating. [L. hæsitāre, -ātum, freq. of hærēre, hæsum, to stick.]

Hesper, hes′pėr, Hesperus, hes′pėr-us, n. the Greek name for Venus as the evening-star.—adj. , of Hesperus or the west. [L.,—Gr. hesperos, evening.]

Hesperides, hes-per′ī-dēz, n.pl. the name of the three sisters who guarded in their delightful gardens the golden apples which Hera, on her marriage with Zeus, had received from Gæa.

Hesperornis, hes-per-ōr′nis, n. an extinct form of bird, the remains of which have been met with in the American cretaceous deposits. [Gr. hesperos, western, ornis, a bird.]

Hessian, hesh′i-an, adj. of or pertaining to Hesse.—n. a native of Hesse: (pl.) short for Hessian boots, a kind of long boots first worn by Hessian troops.—Hessian fly, a dipterous insect, in its larval state attacking stems of barley, wheat, and rye. [From Hesse, a grand-duchy of the German Empire.]

Hest, hest, n. (Shak.) behest, command. [A.S. hǽs, a command—hátan, to command.]

Hesternal, hes-ter′nal, adj. of yesterday.

Hesvan, hes′van, n. the second month of the Jewish civil year.—Also . [Heb.]

Hesychast, hes′i-kast, n. one of a mystic and contemplative sect of the Greek Church in the 14th century, whose members may be described as the Quietists of the East.—n. , their doctrines and practice. [Gr. hēsychastēs—hēsychos, quiet.]

Hetæra, he-tē′ra, Hetaira, he-tī′ra, n. in Greece, a woman employed in public or private entertainment, as flute-playing, dancing, &c.: a paramour or courtesan.—ns. ', Hetairism concubinage, open commerce between the sexes; ', the rule of courtesans.—n. , one who practises hetærism.—adj. . [Gr. hetaira, fem. of hetairos, a companion.]

Heterarchy, het′e-rär-ki, n. foreign rule.

Heterauxesis, het-e-rawk-sē′sis, n. (bot.) irregular or unsymmetrical growth.

Heteroblastic, het-er-o-blas′tik, adj. derived from different cells:—opposed to Homoblastic. [Gr. heteros, other, blastos, bud, germ.]

Heterocarpous, het-e-ro-kar′pus, adj. (bot.) bearing fruit of two sorts.

Heterocercal, het-er-o-sėr′kal, adj. having the upper fork of the tail different from or longer than the lower, as the shark:—opposed to Homocercal.—n. . [Gr. heteros, different from, kerkos, the tail.]

Heterochromous, het-e-ro-krō′mus, adj. (bot.) having different members unlike in colour.

Heterochrony, het-e-rok′ro-ni, n. (biol.) a divergence in ontogenetic sequence affecting the time of formation of parts or organs—also '.—adj. '.—n. '.—adjs. '; .

Heteroclite, het′er-o-klīt, adj. irregularly inflected: irregular—also ', '.—n. ', a word irregularly inflected: anything irregular.—adj. '. [Gr. heteroklitos—heteros, other, klitos, inflected—klinein, to inflect.]

Heterodactyl, het-e-ro-dak′til, adj. having the digits irregular or peculiar in size, form, or position.—Also .

Heterodont, het′er-o-dont, adj. having different kinds of teeth:—opposed to Homodont.—n.pl. , an order of bivalves with hinge-teeth (cardinal and lateral) fitting into corresponding cavities in the opposite valve. [Gr. heteros, other, odous, odont-, a tooth.]

Heterodox, het′er-o-doks, adj. holding an opinion other or different from the one generally received, esp. in theology: heretical.—n. , heresy. [Gr. heterodoxos—heteros, other, doxa, an opinion—dokein, to think.]

Heterœcism, het-e-rē′sizm, n. the development, as of some parasitic fungi, of different stages of existence on different host-plants.—adjs. ', '. [Gr. heteros, other, oikos, a house.]

Heterogamous, het-e-rog′a-mus, adj. (bot.) bearing two kinds of flowers which differ sexually, as in most Compositæ, &c.—n. . [Gr. heteros, other, gamos, marriage.]

Heterogeneous, het-er-o-jē′ne-us, adj. of another race or kind: dissimilar: composed of different kinds or parts—also ' (rare):—opposed to Homogeneous.—ns. ', '.—adv. '. [Gr. heterogenēs—heteros, other, genos, a kind.]

Heterogenesis, het-er-ō-gen′e-sis, n. (biol.) spontaneous generation, abiogenesis: generation in which the offspring differs in structure and habit from the parent animal or plant, the ancestral characteristics, however, ultimately reappearing—Xenogenesis and Alternate generation are other names—also '.—adj. '. [Gr. heteros, other, genesis, generation.]

Heterogonous, het-e-rog′ō-nus, adj. (bot.) having flowers dimorphous or trimorphous as to the relative length of stamens and styles, an adaptation for cross-fertilisation. [Gr. heteros, other, gonos, generation.]

Heterography, het-e-rog′ra-fi, n. heterogeneous spelling.—adj. .

Heterology, het-er-ol′oj-i, n. abnormality, want of true morphological affinity.—adj. . [Gr. heteros, other, logia, relation.]

Heteromerous, het-e-rom′e-rus, adj. diversiform. [Gr. heteros, other, meros, a part.]

Heteromorphic, het-e-ro-mor′fik, adj. deviating in form from a given type—also '.—ns. '; . [Gr. heteros, other, morphē, form.]

Heteronomous, het-er-on′o-mus, adj. differentiated from a common type: subject to the rule of another.—n. , subordination to law imposed by another:—opposed to Autonomy. [Gr. heteros, other, nomos, law.]

Heteronym, het′er-o-nim, n. a word spelled like another, but with a different sound and meaning, as lead, to guide; lead, the metal.—adj. '.—n. '. [Gr. heteros, other, onoma, a name.]

Heteroöusian. See Heterousian.

Heteropathy, het-e-rop′a-thi, n. allopathy.—adj. .

Heterophemy, het-e-ro-fē′mi, n. the saying of one thing when another is meant.—v.i. '.—ns. '; '.—adj. '. [Gr. heteros, other, phēmē, a saying.]

Heterophyllous, het′er-o-fil′us, adj. (bot.) having two different kinds of leaves on the same stem. [Gr. heteros, other, phyllon, a leaf.]

Heteroplasia, het-e-ro-plā′si-a, n. the development of abnormal tissue by diseased action.—adj. '.—n. '. [Gr. heteros, other, plasis, a forming.]

Heteropoda, het-er-op′o-da, n.pl. pelagic gasteropods in which the 'foot' has become a swimming organ.—n. , one of the Heteropoda. [Gr. heteros, other, pous, podos, a foot.]

Heteroptera, het-e-rop′te-ra, n.pl. a sub-order of Hemiptera.—adj. . [Gr. heteros, other, pteron, a wing.]

Heteroptics, het-e-rop′tiks, n. perverted vision. [Gr. heteros, other, optikos, optic]

Heteroscian, het-e-rosh′i-an, adj. and n. pertaining to a person living on one side of the equator, as contrasted with one living on the other side. [Gr. heteros, other, skia, a shadow.]

Heterosomata, het-e-ro-sō′ma-ta, n.pl. the flat-fishes.—adj. . [Gr. heteros, different, sōma, pl. sōmata, a body.]

Heterosporous, het-e-ro-spō′rus, adj. having more than one kind of asexually produced spores. [Gr. heteros, other, sporos, seed.]

Heterostrophic, het-e-rō-strof′ik, adj. reversed in direction.—n. . [Gr. heteros, other, strophē, a turning.]

Heterostyled, het′e-rō-stīld, adj. same as Heterogonous (q.v.).—n. . [Gr. heteros, other, stylos, a pillar.]

Heterotaxis, het-er-o-tak′sis, n. anomalous arrangement of organs.—adj. . [Gr. heteros, other, taxis, arrangement.]

Heterotomous, het-er-ot′o-mus, adj. (min.) having a cleavage different from the common variety. [Gr. heteros, other, tomē, a cutting.]

Heterotopy, het-e-rot′o-pi, n. misplacement.—adj. . [Gr. heteros, other, topos, place.]

Heterotrophy, het-e-rot′rof-i, n. (bot.) an abnormal mode of obtaining nutrition. [Gr. heteros, other, trophē, food.]

Heterousian, het′e-rōō-zi-an, n. and adj. one who believes the Father and Son to be unlike in substance or essence:—opposed to Homoöusian: an Arian.—Also . [Gr. heteros, other, ousia, substance, einai, to be.]

Hetman, het′man, n. the title of the head or general of the Cossacks. [Russ.]

Heugh, Heuch, hūh, n. (Scot.) a crag, a glen with steep sides. [See How, a hill.]

Heulandite, hū′lan-dīt, n. a mineral of the zeolite group—from H. Heuland, an English mineralogist.

Heuristic, hū-ris′tik, adj. serving to find out.—n. the art of discovery in logic: the method in education by which the pupil is set to find out things for himself. [From the root of Gr. heuriskein, to find; also spelt euriskein. See Eureka.]

Hew, hū, v.t. to cut with any sharp instrument: to cut in pieces: to shape.—v.i. to deal blows with a cutting instrument:—pa.p. hewed, or hewn.—n. (Spens.) hacking.—n. , one who hews. [A.S. héawan; Ger. hauen.]

Hexachord, hek′sa-kord, n. a diatonic series of six notes, having a semitone between the third and fourth. [Gr. hex, six, chordē, a string.]

Hexad, hek′sad, n. a series of six numbers: (chem.) an element or radical with the combining power of six units—i.e. of six atoms of hydrogen.

Hexadactylous, hek-sa-dak′ti-lus, adj. having six fingers or toes.—n. .

Hexaëmeron, hek-sa-ē′me-ron, n. a period of six days, esp. that of the creation, according to Genesis: a history of the six days of creation. [Late Gr. hexaēmeros—hex, six, hēmera, a day.]

Hexagon, heks′a-gon, n. a figure with six sides and six angles.—adj. '.—adv. '.—v.t. . [Gr. hexagōnon—hex, six, gōnia, an angle.]

Hexagynia, hek-sa-jin′i-a, n. in the Linnæan system an order of plants having six styles.—adjs. ', '.

Hexahedron, heks-a-hē′dron, n. a cube, a regular solid with six sides or faces, each of these being a square.—adj. . [Gr. hex, six, hedra, a base.]

Hexameter, hek-sam′et-ėr, n. a verse of six measures or feet, the first four dactyls or spondees, the fifth a dactyl (sometimes a spondee), the sixth a spondee or trochee.—adj. having six metrical feet.—adjs. ', '.—n. , a writer of hexameters. [L.,—Gr. hex, six, metron, a measure.]

Hexandria, heks-an′dri-a, n. a Linnæan class of plants having six stamens.—adj. . [Gr. hex, six, anēr, andros, a man, male.]

Hexangular, hek-sang′gū-lar, adj. having six angles.

Hexapetalous, hek-sa-pet′a-lus, adj. having six petals.

Hexaphyllous, hek-sa-fil′us, adj. having six leaves or leaflets. [Gr. hex, six, phyllon, a leaf.]

Hexapla, heks′a-pla, n. an edition of the Bible in six versions, as that made by Origen of the Old Testament.—adj. . [Gr. hexapla, pl. neut. of hexaplous, sixfold.]

Hexapod, heks′a-pod, n. an animal with six feet.—n. , a line or verse of six feet. [Gr. hexapous, -podos—hex, six, pous, a foot.]

Hexastich, heks′a-stik, n. a poem or stanza of six lines. [Gr. hexastichos—hex, six, stichos, a line.]

Hexastyle, heks′a-stīl, adj. having six columns, of a portico or temple having six columns in front. [Gr. hexastylos—hex, six, stylos, a pillar.]

Hexateuch, heks′a-tūk, n. the first six books of the Old Testament.—adj. . [From Gr. hex, six, and teuchos, a book.]

Hey, hā, interj. expressive of joy or interrogation.—interj. ', expressive of frolic, exultation, or wonder.—n. exaltation of the spirits: the wild gaiety of youth: period of fullest vigour.—n. ' (Spens.), a country dance or round.—interjs. ', expressing a high degree of excitement; ' (Milt.), an expression used by jugglers during their performance. [Imit.]

Heyduck. See Haiduk.

Hi! hī, interj. expressing wonder or derision, or calling attention.

Hiatus, hī-ā′tus, n. a gap: an opening: a chasm: a break in continuity, a defect: (gram.) a concurrence of vowel sounds in two successive syllables. [L.,—hiāre, hiātum, to gape.]

Hibernate, hī′bėr-nāt, v.i. to winter: to pass the winter in torpor: to live in seclusion.—ns. ', a winter covering; ', any part of a plant protecting an embryonic organ during the winter.—adj. ', belonging to winter: wintry.—n. ', the state of torpor in which many animals pass the winter. [L. hibernāre, -ātum—hibernus, wintry—hiems, winter.]

Hibernian, hī-bėr′ni-an, adj. relating to Hibernia or Ireland.—n. an Irishman.—ns. ', ', an Irish idiom or peculiarity.—adv. '.—v.t. ', to render Irish.—n. , a making Irish. [L. Hibernia, Ireland.]

Hibiscus, hī-bis′kus, n. a genus of malvaceous plants, mostly tropical. [L.,—Gr. hibiscos, mallow.]

Hic, hik, interj. a syllable expressing the sound made by one affected with a drunken hiccup.

Hiccatee, Hicatee, hik-a-tē′, n. a fresh-water tortoise of Central America.

Hiccup, hik′up, n. the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, while the glottis is spasmodically closed: the sound caused by this—also, but erroneously, '.—v.i. to be affected with hiccup.—v.t. to say with a hiccup:—pr.p. pa.p. —adj. ', marked by hiccups. [Imit.; cf. Dut. hik, Dan. hikke, Bret. hik. The spelling hiccough is due to a confusion with cough.]

Hickory, hik′or-i, n. a genus (Carva) of North American nut-bearing trees, with heavy strong tenacious wood, used for shafts of carriages, handles of axes, &c. [Pohickery; of Indian origin.]

Hickwall, hik′-wal, n. (prov.) the green woodpecker.

Hid, Hidden. See Hide.

Hidalgo, hi-dal′gō, n. a Spanish nobleman of the lowest class.—adj. '.—n. '. [Sp., hijo de algo, 'the son of something.']

Hide, hīd, v.t. to conceal: to keep in safety.—v.i. to lie concealed:—pa.t. hid; pa.p. hid.—adj. ', concealed: unknown.—adv. ', in a hidden or secret manner: privily—(Scot.) '.—adj. ', most hidden.—n. '.—ns. ', a children's game, where one seeks the others who have hid themselves; ', a fugitive.—adj. that hides away.—n. ', a place of concealment [A.S. hýdan, to hide; cf. Low Ger. hûden, Gr. keuthein.]

Hide, hīd, n. the skin of an animal, esp. the larger animals, sometimes used derogatorily for human skin.—v.t. to flog or whip.—adj. ', having the hide closely bound to the body, as in animals: in trees, having the bark so close that it impedes the growth: stubborn, bigoted, obstinate.—n. ', a thrashing. [A.S. hýd; Ger. haut, L. cutis.]

Hide, hīd, n. in old English law, a certain area of land, from 60 to 100 acres.—n. , a tax once assessed on every hide of land. [A.S. híd, contracted from hígid—híw-, híg-, household.]

Hideous, hid′e-us, adj. frightful: horrible: ghastly.—ns. ', '.—adv. . [O. Fr. hideus, hisdos—hide, hisde, dread, prob.—L. hispidus, rough, rude.]

Hidrotic, hid-rot′ik, adj. sudorific.—n. a sudorific.

Hie, hī, v.i. to hasten.—v.t. to urge on: pass quickly over:—pr.p. pa.p. hied. [A.S. hígian.]

Hie, High, hī, n. (prov.) the call to a horse to turn to the left:—opposite of Hup.

Hielaman, hī′la-man, n. the native Australian narrow shield of bark or wood.

Hiems, hī′emz, n. (Shak.) winter.—adj. '.—v.t. '.—n. , hibernation. [L.]

Hieracosphinx, hī-er-ā′ko-sfingks, n. See Sphinx.

Hiera-picra, hī′e-ra-pik′ra, n. a purgative drug from aloes and canella bark.—Also Hickery-pickery, Higry-pigry. [Gr. hiera, fem. of hieros, sacred, pikra, fem. of pikros, bitter.]

Hierarch, hī′ėr-ärk, n. a ruler in sacred matters.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', rule in sacred matters: persons that so rule: the body of the clergy: a government by priests: a series of successive terms of different rank; ', government by priests.—Celestial hierarchy, the collective body of angels, grouped in three divisions and nine orders of different power and glory: (1) seraphim, cherubim, thrones; (2) dominations or dominions, virtues, powers; (3) principalities, archangels, angels. [Gr. hierarchēs—hieros, sacred, archein, to rule.]

Hieratic, hī-ėr-at′ik, adj. sacred: relating to priests, applying to a certain kind of ancient Egyptian writing, which consisted of abridged forms of hieroglyphics; also to certain styles in art. [L. hieraticus—Gr. hieratikos—hieros, sacred.]



Hieroglyphic, hī-ėr-o-glif′ik, also ', n. the sacred characters of the ancient Egyptian language: picture-writing, or writing in which figures of objects are employed instead of conventional signs, like the alphabet—hieroglyphics are either phonetic or ideographic, the former comprising signs which represent sounds, the latter those which represent ideas: any symbolical or enigmatical figure.—v.t. ', to represent by hieroglyphs.—adjs. ', '.—adv. '.—n. ', one skilled in hieroglyphics. [Gr. hieroglyphikon—hieros, sacred, glyphein, to carve.]

Hierogram, hī′er-o-gram, n. a hieroglyphic symbol.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', ', a writer of sacred records; ', a sacred symbol; ', a sacred scribe.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to sacred writing.—n. , a description of sacred things. [Gr. hieros, sacred, gramma, a writing.]

Hierolatry, hī-er-ol′a-tri, n. the worship of saints or sacred things.

Hierology, hī-ėr-ol′o-ji, n. the science of sacred matters, esp. ancient writing and Egyptian inscriptions.—adj. '.—n. '. [Gr. hierologia—hieros, sacred, legein, to speak.]

Hieromancy, hī-er-o-man′si, n. divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

Hieronymic, hī-e-rō-nim′ik, adj. of or pertaining to St Jerome—also '.—n. ', one of the many hermit orders established in the course of the 13th and 14th centuries. [L. Hieronymus, Jerome.]

Hieropathic, hī-er-o-path′ik, adj. consisting in love of the clergy.

Hierophant, hī′ėr-o-fant, n. one who shows or reveals sacred things: a priest.—adj. , belonging to or relating to hierophants. [Gr. hierophantēs—hieros, sacred, phainein, to show.]

Hieroscopy, hī-er-os′ko-pi, n. the same as hieromancy.

Hierosolymitan, hī-e-rō-sol′i-mī-tan, adj. of or pertaining to Jerusalem. [L. Hierosolyma, Jerusalem.]

Hierurgy, hī′er-ur′ji, n. a sacred performance.—adj. .

Higgle, hig′l, v.i. to make difficulty in bargaining: to chaffer.—v.i. ', a reduplicated variant of higgle.—ns. '; . [Prob. a form of haggle.]

Higgledy-piggledy, hig′l-di-pig′l-di, adv. and adj. topsy-turvy: (coll.) upside down. [A word coined to express a meaningless jumble.]

High, hī, adj. elevated: lofty: tall: elevated relatively to something, as upward from a base, in position from the mouth of a river, &c.: eminent in anything: exalted in rank: dignified: chief: noble: ostentatious: arrogant: proud: strong, intensified: extreme in opinion: powerful: angry: loud: violent: tempestuous: shrill: excellent: far advanced: difficult: dear: remote in time: slightly tainted (of game, &c.).—adv. aloft: eminently: powerfully: profoundly: of flesh, on the point of beginning to decay.—ns. ', a high or chief admiral of a fleet; ', the principal altar in a church; ', an officer who serves writs, &c., in certain franchises, exempt from the ordinary supervision of the sheriff; ' (U.S.), a rowdy, ruffian, blackmailer.—adjs. ' (Milt.), supremely blest or happy; ', of noble lineage; ', swelled with wind: (Shak.) inflated, as with pride; ', of high or noble birth; ', of high or noble breed, training, or family.—ns. ', applied to a party within the Church of England, which exalts the authority of the Episcopate and the priesthood, the saving grace of sacraments, &c. (also adj.); '; '.—adj. ', having a strong or glaring colour.—ns. ', a supreme court; ', a market cross; ', a holiday or festival: (B.) broad daylight.—adj. befitting a festival.—v.t. ', to raise higher: to lift.—v.i. to ascend.—n. ', bombastic discourse.—adj. bombastic: pompous.—adj. ', fed highly or luxuriously: pampered.—ns. '; ', a bird that flies high: one who runs into extravagance of opinion or action.—adjs. ', extravagant: elevated: turgid; ', extravagant in conduct or opinion; ' (Shak.), covered with a high growth; ', overbearing: violent: arbitrary.—n. '.—adjs. ', with the heart full of courage; ', wearing high heels—of shoes.—n. ', boisterous play or jollity: an old Scotch pastime in which persons played various parts under penalty of a forfeit.—adj. ', wearing the kilt or petticoat high: indecorous.—n. and adj. ', a mountainous district, esp. in pl. that portion of Scotland lying north and west of a line drawn diagonally from Nairn to Dumbarton.—ns. ', ', an inhabitant of a mountainous region; ', a high shoe fastened with a leather thong in front.—adv. '.—n. ' (see Mass).—adjs. ', high-spirited, courageous; ', having a high, proud, or arrogant mind: having honourable pride: magnanimous.—n. '.—adjs. ', highest; ', of a dress, cut so as to cover the shoulders and neck.—n. ', the state of being high: dignity of rank: a title of honour given to princes.—adj. ', high-strung: haughty.—n. ' (B.), an eminence on which idolatrous rites were performed by the Jews—hence the idols, &c., themselves.—adjs. ', applied to a steam-engine in which the steam is raised to a high temperature, so that the pressure may exceed that of the atmosphere; ', costly.—ns. ' (see Priest); '; '.—adjs. ', of high, noble, or strict principle; ', proved to contain much alcohol: highly rectified; ', raised aloft: elevated; ', reaching upwards: ambitious.—n. ', one of the public or chief roads: a road for general traffic.—adjs. ', made rich or piquant with spices or other seasoning; ' (Shak.), always looking upwards; ', having a high or lofty soul or spirit; ', pompous: ostentatious; ', having a high spirit or natural fire: bold: daring: irascible.—n. ', a horse that lifts its feet high from the ground.—adjs. ', having a proud or conceited carriage or walk; ' (Shak.), proud-spirited, lofty, obstinate; ', high-spirited: sensitive.—n. Hight (Milt.), obsolete form of height.—adj. ', having a strong, piquant taste or relish.—n. ' (rare), a great festival.—adj. ', high in pitch: dignified.—ns. ' (Shak.), a mast-head; ', treason against the sovereign or state.—adj. ' (Shak.), enormously wicked.—ns. ', the time at which the tide is highest: the greatest elevation of the tide; ', the highest line so reached; ', a public road on which all have right to go: the main or usual way or course; ', a robber who attacks people on the public way.—adj. ', wrought with exquisite skill: highly finished: agitated.—High and dry, of a ship, up out of the water: disabled; High and low, rich and poor, people of every condition; High and mighty, exalted: arrogant; High celebration (see Celebration); High life, the life of fashionable society: the people of this society; High living, over-indulgence in the pleasures of the table; High seas, the open sea, including the whole extent of sea so far as it is not the exclusive property of any particular country; High table, the table in the dining-hall of a college where the dons sit; High tea, a tea with hot meat, &c., as opposed to a plain tea.—A high hand, or arm, might: power: audacity; A high time, A high old time (coll.), a time of special jollity or enthusiasm; Be high time, to be fully time something was done that should have been done well before; Be on one's high horse, to assume an attitude of fancied superiority: to be arrogant.—Highland costume, the fillibeg or kilt, shoulder-plaid, sporran, &c.; Highland regiments, a number of regiments in the British army, wearing the Highland dress and feather-bonnet, or tartan trews and shakos.—In high feather, in high spirits: happy; On high, in or to a height; On the high ropes (coll.), in an elated or highly excited mood; With a high hand, arrogantly. [A.S. héah; Goth. hauhs, Ice. hár, Ger. hoch.]

Hight, hīt, v.t. to command: (Spens.) to call, name.—v.i. (orig. pass.) to be called or named, to have as a name; therefore third pers. sing., Hight=he was or is called. [M. E. highte—A.S. hátte, I was called, pa.t. of hátan, to call, to be called. Cf. Ger. ich heisse, I am named, from heissen, to call.]

Highty-tighty, hī′ti-tī′ti, adj. the same as Hoity-toity (q.v.).

Hijra, Hijrah. Same as Hegira.

Hilar, hī′lar, adj. pertaining to a hilum.

Hilarious, hi-lā′ri-us, adj. gay: very merry.—adv. '.—n. ', gaiety: pleasurable excitement. [L. hilaris—Gr. hilaros, cheerful.]

Hilary, hil′ar-i, adj. a term or session of the High Court of Justice in England; also one of the university terms at Oxford and Dublin—from St Hilary of Poitiers (died 367), festival, Jan. 13.

Hilch, hilch, v.t. (Scot.) to hobble.—n. a limp.

Hildebrandism, hil′de-brand-izm, n. the spirit and policy of Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII., 1073-85), unbending assertion of the power of the Church, &c.—adj. .

Hilding, hild′ing, n. a mean, cowardly person, a dastard.—adj. cowardly, spiritless. [Prob. hield, to bend down.]

Hill, hil, n. a high mass of land, less than a mountain.—n. ', one who digs into barrows, &c., for buried treasure.—adj. Hilled, having hills.—ns.pl. ', ', people living or hiding among the hills: the Scotch sect of Cameronians, the Covenanters generally.—ns. ', a prehistoric stronghold; '; ', a small hill.—adj. '.—ns. ', the slope of a hill; ', the summit of a hill.—adj. ', full of hills.—Up hill and down dale, vigorously and persistently. [A.S. hyll; cf. L. collis, a hill, celsus, high.]

Hillo, hil′ō, interj. Same as Hallo.

Hilt, hilt, n. the handle, esp. of a sword.—adj. , having a hilt.—Up to the hilt, completely, thoroughly, to the full. [A.S. hilt; Dut. hilte, Old High Ger. helza; not conn. with hold.]

Hilum, hī′lum, n. the scar on a seed at the point of union with the placenta: (anat.) the depression at the place where ducts, vessels, and nerves enter an organ.—adj. . [L.]

Him, him, pron. the objective case of he.—pron. , the emphatic and reflective form of he and him: the proper character of a person. [A.S. him, dat. sing. masc. and neut. of he, it.]

Himation, hi-mat′i-on, n. the ancient Greek outer garment, oblong, thrown over the left shoulder, and fastened either over or under the right. [Gr.]

Himyaritic, him-ya-rit′ik, adj. a name formerly applied to the language of the ancient Sabæan inscriptions in the south-west of Arabia. [Himyar, a traditional king of Yemen.]

Hin, hin, n. a Hebrew liquid measure containing about six English quarts. [Heb.]

Hind, hīnd, n. the female of the stag or red-deer.—n. , the raspberry. [A.S. hind; Dut. and Ger. hinde.]

Hind, hīnd, n. a farm-servant, esp. one having charge of a pair of horses, with cottage on the farm, formerly bound to supply a female field-worker (bondager). [A.S. hína=híwna, gen. pl. of híwan, domestics.]

Hind, hīnd, adj. placed in the rear: pertaining to the part behind: backward:—opp. to Fore.—adj. ', the older form of hind, but used in the same significations.—n. ', the latter end: (Scot.) buttocks.—n.pl. ' (Scot.), the buttocks.—adjs. ', ', superlative of hind, farthest behind; ', the back part in the front place. [A.S. hindan (adv.), back, hinder, backwards; Goth. hindar, Ger. hinter, behind.]

Hinder, hin′dėr, v.t. to put or keep behind: to stop, or prevent progress: to embarrass.—v.i. to be an obstacle.—ns. ', ', act of hindering: that which hinders: obstacle. [A.S. hindrian; Ger. hindern.]

Hindi, hin′dē, n. and adj. one of the languages of Aryan stock now spoken in Northern India.—Also . [Urdū, Hind, 'India.']

Hindu, Hindoo, hin′dōō, n. a native of Hindustan: now more properly applied to native Indian believers in Brahmanism, as opposed to Mohammedans, &c.—ns. ', ', the religion and customs of the Hindus. [Sindhu, Sans. for Indus.]

Hindustani, Hindoostanee, hin-dōō-stan′ē, n. a dialect of Hindi, also called Urdū, the chief official and commercial language of India.—Also adj.

Hinge, hinj, n. the hook or joint on which a door or lid hangs: that on which anything depends or turns.—v.t. to furnish with hinges: to bend.—v.i. to hang or turn as on a hinge: to depend on:—pr.p. pa.p. hinged.—n.  (anat.), a joint in which the bones move.—Off the hinges, in a state of confusion. [Related to hang.]

Hinny, hin′i, n. the offspring of a stallion and she-ass. [L. hinnus—Gr. ginnos, later hinnos, a mule.]

Hinny, hin′i, n. a Scotch variant of honey.

Hinny, hin′i, v.i. to neigh, whinny.

Hint, hint, n. a distant or indirect allusion: slight mention: insinuation.—v.t. to bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion: to allude to.—v.i. to make an indirect or remote allusion: to allude.—adv. .—Hint at, to allude to obscurely. [A.S. hentan, to seize.]

Hinterland, hint′ėr-land, n. the district behind that lying along the coast, or along a river. [Ger.]

Hip, hip, n. the haunch or fleshy part of the thigh: (archit.) the external angle formed by the sides of a roof when the end slopes backward instead of terminating in a gable.—v.t. to sprain the hip:—pr.p. pa.p. hipped, hipt.—ns. ', a bath to sit in—also Sitz-bath; ', ', the 14th-century sword-belt, passing diagonally from waist to hip; ', sciatica; ', the articulation of the head of the thigh-bone with the ilium; ', an ornament placed on the apex of the hips of a roof or on a gable; ', a trick in wrestling by which one throws a leg and hip before the other to throw him; ', a napkin wrapped about an infant's hips.—adj. , having the hip out of joint.—Hip-and-thigh, in phrase, 'smitten hip-and-thigh'=smitten both before and behind, completely overpowered.—Have, Catch, on the hip, to get an advantage over some one—a metaphor from the wrestling-ring. [A.S. hype; Goth. hups, Ger. hüfte.]

Hip, hip, Hep, hep, n. the fruit of the wild brier or dog-rose. [A.S. héope, a hip.]

Hip, Hyp, hip, n. hypochondria.—v.t. to render melancholy.—adjs. Hipped, rendered melancholy; , somewhat hypochondriac. [A corr. of hypochondria.]

Hip, hip, interj. an exclamation to invoke a united cheer—

Hipparion, hi-pā′ri-on, n. a fossil genus of Equidæ. [Gr. hipparion, dim. of hippos, a horse.]

Hippety-hoppety, hip′e-ti-hop′e-ti, adv. hopping and skipping.—n. .

Hippiatric, hip-i-at′rik, adj. relating to the treatment of the diseases of horses.—n.pl. '.—ns. '; '.—adj. ', relating to horses.

Hippocampus, hip′o-kam-pus, n. a genus of small fishes with head and neck somewhat like those of a horse, the sea-horse: (anat.) a raised curved trace on the floor of the lateral ventricle of the brain. [Gr. hippokampos—hippos, a horse, kampos, a sea-monster.]

Hippocentaur, hip-o-sent′awr, n. Same as Centaur. [Gr. hippos, a horse, and centaur.]

Hippocras, hip′o-kras, n. an aromatic medicated wine, formerly much used as a cordial.—adj. ', pertaining to the Greek physician Hippocrates (born 460 B.C.).—v.t. '.—n. .

Hippocrene, hip′o-krēn, n. a fountain on the northern slopes of Mount Helicon, in Greece, sacred to the Muses and Apollo. [L.,—Gr. hippokrēnē—hippos, a horse, krēnē, a fountain.]

Hippocrepian, hip-o-krē′pi-an, adj. horse-shoe shaped. [Gr. hippos, a horse, krēpis, a shoe.]

Hippodame, hip′o-dām, n. (Spens.) the sea-horse.—n. ', a horse-tamer.—adj. ', horse-taming.

Hippodrome, hip′o-drōm, n. the Greek name for a racecourse for horses and chariots: an equestrian circus: (U.S.) a fraudulent athletic game or contest in which the result is prearranged.—v.t. to conduct races in such a way.—adj. '.—n. ', a circus trainer or rider. [Fr.,—Gr. hippodromos—hippos, a horse, dromos, a course.]

Hippogriff, Hippogryph, hip′o-grif, n. a fabulous animal represented as a winged horse with the head of a griffin. [Fr. hippogriffe—Gr. hippos, a horse, gryps, a griffin.]

Hippology, hip-ol′o-ji, n. the study of horses.—adj. '.—n. '.

Hippomanes, hip-om′an-ēz, n. an ancient love-philtre obtained from a mare or foal.—n. , a genus of plants of the natural order Euphorbiaceæ, the manchineel-tree. [Gr.]

Hippopathology, hip-o-pa-thol′o-ji, n. the pathology of the horse: the science of veterinary medicine. [Gr. hippos, a horse, and pathology.]

Hippophagy, hip-pof′a-ji, n. the act or practice of feeding on horse-flesh.—n.pl. ', eaters of horse-flesh.—n. an eater of horseflesh.—adj. ', horse-eating. [Gr. hippos, a horse, phagein, to eat.]

Hippophile, hip′o-fīl, n. a lover of horses.

Hippopotamus, hip-o-pot′a-mus, n. the river-horse—an African quadruped, of aquatic habits, having a very thick skin, short legs, and a large head and muzzle.—adj.  (also like a hippopotamus, clumsy. [L.,—Gr. hippopotamos—hippos, a horse, potamos, a river.]

Hippotomy, hip-ot′o-mi, n. the dissection of the horse.—adj. '.—n. '.

Hippuric, hip-ū′rik, adj. denoting an acid first obtained from the urine of horses. [Gr. hippos, a horse, ouron, urine.]

Hippurid, hi-pū′rid, n. a plant of natural order Hippurideæ or Haloragaceæ, the typical genus the common mare's tail.

Hippurite, hip′ū-rīt, n. a fossil bivalve mollusc peculiar to the cretaceous strata.—adj. . [Gr. hippos, a horse, oura, a tail.]

Hippus, hip′us, n. clonic spasm of the iris.

Hircine, hėr′sīn, adj. goat-like: having a strong goatish smell.—ns. ', a fabulous creature, half-goat, half-stag; ', goatishness. [Fr.,—L. hircinus—hircus, a he-goat.]

Hirdy-girdy, hėr′di-gėr′di, adv. (Scot.) in confusion.

Hire, hīr, n. wages for service: the price paid for the use of anything.—v.t. to procure the use or service of, at a price: to engage for wages: to grant temporary use of for compensation: to bribe.—adj. '.—ns. ', a hired servant: a mercenary: a prostitute (also adj.); '; ', a system by which a hired article becomes the property of the hirer after a stipulated number of payments; , the contract of hiring—bailment for hire (in Scotland, location): a fair or market where servants are engaged.—On hire, for hiring. [A.S. hýr, wages, hýrian, to hire; Ger. heuer, Dut. huur.]

Hirmos, hir′mos, n. in the usage of the Greek Church, a standard troparion, forming the first stanza of a canon of odes, and serving as a model for the other stanzas:—pl. '.—n. ', an office-book containing the hirmoi. [Gr. eirmos, a series.]

Hirple, hėr′pl, v.i. (Scot.) to walk or run as if lame.—n. a limping gait.

Hirrient, hir′i-ent, n. a trilled sound.

Hirsel, hir′sel, n. (Scot.) a multitude, a throng, a flock of sheep.—v.t. to put in different groups.

Hirsle, hir′sl, v.i. (Scot.) to slide or move, resting on the hams: to move forward with a rustling sound.

Hirsute, hir-sūt′, adj. hairy: rough: shaggy: (bot.) having long, stiffish hairs. [L. hirsutus—hirsus, hirtus, shaggy.]

Hirundine, hi-run′din, adj. of or pertaining to the swallow. [L. hirundo, a swallow.]

His, hiz, pron. possessive form of he: (B.) used for its.—Hisn, a contracted form of his own. [A.S. his, possessive of he, and originally of it.]

Hish, hish, v.i. to hiss. [A by-form of hiss.]

Hispanic, his-pan′ik, adj. Spanish.—adv. '.—vs.t. ', ', to render Spanish.—n. ', a Spanish phrase. [L. Hispania, Spain.]

Hispid, his′pid, adj. (bot.) rough with or having strong hairs or bristles.—n. . [L. hispidus.]

Hiss, his, v.i. to make a sibilant sound like that of the letter s, as the goose, serpent, &c.: to express contempt, &c., by hissing.—v.t. to condemn by hissing.—n. the sound of the letter s, an expression of disapprobation, contempt, &c.—n. , the noise of a hiss: object of hissing: object or occasion of contempt. [Imit.]

Hist, hist, interj. demanding silence and attention: hush! silence!—v.t. to urge (a dog, &c.) by making the sound of this word. [Imit.]

Histie, his′ti, adj. (Scot.) dry: barren.

Histioid, his′ti-oid, adj. resembling tissue.—adj. '.—adv. '.—ns. ', the formation and development of tissues—also '; ', a description of the tissues.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to histology.—ns. ', one skilled in histology; ', the science which classifies and describes the structural or morphological elements which exist in the solids and fluids of organised bodies; ', degeneration and decay of organic tissue.—adj. . [Gr. histos, web.]

History, his′to-ri, n. an account of an event: a systematic account of the origin and progress of a nation: the knowledge of facts, events, &c.: an eventful life, a past of more than common interest, as a 'woman with a history:' a drama representing historical events.—v.t. (rare) to record.—n. ', a writer of history.—adjs. ', adorned with figures, esp. of men or animals, as the medieval illuminated manuscripts, capital letters, initials &c.; ', ', pertaining to history: containing history: derived from history: famous in history: authentic.—adv. '.—v.t. and v.i. ', to make, or represent as, historic.—ns. ', historical character; ', a short history or story.—v.t. ', to record in history.—n. ', a writer of history: a professed or official historian.—adjs. ', ', pertaining to the writing of history.—adv. '.—ns. ', the art or employment of writing history; , the knowledge or study of history.—Historical method, the study of a subject in its historical development; Historical painting, the painting of historic scenes, or scenes in which historic figures are introduced; Historical present, the present tense used for the past, to add life and reality to the narrative, as in 'cometh' in Mark, v. 22.—Ancient history, the history of the world down to the fall of Rome, 476 A.D.; Medieval history, the history of the period between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the 16th century; Modern history, history since the beginning of the 16th century; Natural history, originally an expression including all the concrete sciences, now the science of living things: (in frequent use) zoology, esp. in so far as that is concerned with the life and habits of animals; Profane, Secular, history, the history of secular affairs as opposed to Sacred history, which deals with the events in the Bible narrative. [L.,—Gr. historia—histōr, knowing; cf. eidenai, to know, L. vidēre, Sans. vid, Eng. wit.]

Histrionic, -al, his-tri-on′ik, -al, adj. relating to the stage or stage-players: befitting a theatre: feigned.—ns. ', ', a stage-player.—adv. '.—ns. ', ', the acts or practice of stage-playing or of pantomime.—n.pl. ', play-acting.—v.i. , to act, play a part. [L. histrionicus—histrio, an actor, primary form hister, a player.]

Hit, hit, v.t. to touch or strike: to reach: to suit: fit: conform to.—v.i. to come in contact: to chance luckily: to succeed:—pr.p. pa.t. and pa.p. hit.—n. a lucky chance, a surprising success: a stroke: a happy turn of thought or expression: at backgammon, a move that throws one of the opponent's men back to the entering point, a game won after one or two men are removed from the board.—n. '.—adj. ', random, hap-hazard.—Hit below the belt, to deal a blow disallowable in the rules of the ring: to do an injury to another unfairly; Hit it off(with), to agree with some one; Hit off, to imitate, to describe; Hit-or-miss, reckless, hap-hazard; Hit out, to strike out with the fist; Hit the nail on the head (see Nail); Hit upon, to come upon, discover.—Hard hit, one gravely affected by some trouble, or by love. [A.S. hyttan, app. Ice. hitta, to light on, to find; Sw. hitta, to find, Dan. hitte, to hit upon.]



Hitch, hich, v.i. to move by jerks, as if caught by a hook: to be caught by a hook: to be caught or fall into.—v.t. to hook: to catch: to fasten, tether, esp. to make fast a rope.—n. a jerk: a catch or anything that holds: an obstacle: a sudden halt: (naut.) a species of knot by which one rope is connected with another, or to some object—various knots are the Clove-hitch, Timber-hitch, Blackwall-hitch, &c.—n. '.—adv. '.—adj. .—Hitch up, to harness a horse to a vehicle. [Ety. dub.; prob. the same as itch.]

Hithe, hīth, n. a small haven. [A.S. hýð.]

Hither, hith′ėr, adv. to this place.—adj. toward the speaker: nearer.—v.i. to come—chiefly in phrase, 'to hither and thither'=to go to and fro.—adj. ', nearest on this side.—n. and adj. ', the nearer side.—advs. ', to this place or time: as yet; ', towards this place.—Hither and thither, back and forward: to and from. [A.S. hider; Goth. hidrê, Ice. hêðra.]

Hitopadesa, hit-ō-pa-dē′sa, n. a famous collection of fables and stories in Sanskrit literature, a popular summary in four books of the Panchatantra.

Hittite, hit′īt, adj. pertaining to the Hittites, a powerful and civilised people, probably not Semitic, of northern Syria. [Heb. Khittīm.]

Hive, hīv, n. a place where bees live and store up honey, whether artificial or natural: a swarm of bees in a box or basket: any busy company.—v.t. to collect into a hive: to lay up in store.—v.i. to take shelter together: to reside in a body.—ns. ', the common honey-bee; '; , a large nest built and occupied by several pairs of birds in common. [A.S. hýf.]

Hives, hīvz, n. a popular term for nettle-rash and other similar skin diseases: laryngitis.

Hizz, hiz, v.i. to hiss.

Ho, Hoa, hō, interj. a call to excite attention: hold! stop!—repeated it expresses derision.

Hoar, hōr, adj. white or grayish-white, esp. with age or frost: mouldy.—n. hoariness: age.—v.i. (Shak.) to become mouldy.—n. ', white frost: the white particles formed by the freezing of dew.—adjs. ', ', white or gray with age: (bot.) covered with short, dense, whitish hairs.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', an ancient boundary stone. [A.S. hár, hoary, gray; Ice. hárr.]

Hoard, hōrd, n. a store: a hidden stock: a treasure: a place for hiding anything.—v.t. to store: to amass and deposit in secret.—v.i. to store up: to collect and form a hoard.—n. . [A.S. hord; Ice. hodd, Ger. hort.]

Hoard, hōrd, Hoarding, hōrd′ing, n. a hurdle or fence enclosing a house and materials while builders are at work: any boarding on which bills are posted. [From O. Fr. hurdis—hurt, hourt, hourd, a palisade.]

Hoarhound, Horehound, hōr′hownd, n. a plant of a whitish or downy appearance, used as a tonic. [M. E. horehune—A.S. hárhúne, from hár, hoar or white, and húne (acc. to Skeat, meaning 'strong-scented'); cf. L. cunila, Gr. konilē, wild marjoram.]

Hoarse, hōrs, adj. having a harsh, grating voice, as from a cold: harsh: discordant.—adv. '.—n. '. [A.S. hás; Ice. háss, this prob. for hárs, throwing light on the M. E. hôrs, hoors, Scot. hairsh, &c.]

Hoast, hōst, n. (prov.) a cough.—v.i. to cough. [Ice. hóste; Dut. hoest.]

Hoastman, hōst′man, n. a member of an old merchant guild in Newcastle, with charge of coal-shipping, &c. [Host, stranger, guest.]

Hoatzin, hō-at′sin, n. a remarkable South American bird, the same as the Touraco (q.v.).—Also ', '. [S. Amer.]

Hoax, hōks, n. a deceptive trick: a practical joke.—v.t. to deceive: to play a trick upon for sport, or without malice.—ns. '; '; . [Corr. of hocus. See Hocus-pocus.]

Hob, hob, n. the projecting nave of a wheel: a projection on the side of a fireplace, on which anything may be laid to keep hot: a game in which coins are placed on the end of a short stick at which stones are thrown, those that fall head up going to the thrower—also the round stick used in this game: a hardened threaded steel mandrel used in forming the cutting ends of screw-chasing tools, &c.—n. ', a nail with a thick, strong head, used in horse-shoes, &c.: a clownish fellow.—v.t. to furnish with hobnails: to trample upon with hobnailed shoes.—adj. '. [Cf. Hub.]

Hob, hob, n. a clownish fellow: a rustic: a fairy.—n. ', a rustic.—adj. ', clownish.—n. , a mischievous fairy: a frightful apparition.—Play hob, to make confusion. [A corr. of Rob for Robin, Robert.]

Hob-a-nob, Hob-and-nob. Same as Hobnob.

Hobbism, hob′izm, n. the doctrine of Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), that morality is an institution of society.—n. , a follower of Hobbes.

Hobble, hob′l, v.i. to walk with a limp: to walk awkwardly: to move irregularly.—v.t. to fasten loosely the legs of: to hamper: to perplex.—n. an awkward limping gait: a difficulty, a scrape: anything used to hamper the feet of an animal, a clog or fetter.—ns. ', one who hobbles: an unlicensed pilot, casual labourer in docks, &c.: a man who tows a canal-boat with a rope; '.—adv. . [Cf. Dut. hobbelen, hobben, to toss.]

Hobbledehoy, hob′l-de-hoi′, n. an awkward youth, a stripling, neither man nor boy.—adj. '.—n. '. [Prob. conn. with hobble, referring to awkward gait.]

Hobbler, hob′lėr, n. a horseman employed for light work, as reconnoitring, &c.: a horse. [O. Fr. hobeler—hobin, a small horse.]

Hobby, hob′i, n. a strong, active horse: a pacing horse: a subject on which one is constantly setting off, as in 'to ride' or 'to mount a hobby:' a favourite pursuit.—n. ', a stick or figure of a horse on which boys ride: one of the chief parts played in the ancient morris-dance: (Shak.) a term of contempt for a loose and frivolous person, male or female.—adj. ', having a hobby: eccentric.—ns. '; ', one who rides a hobby.—adj. . [M. E. hobyn, hoby, prob. Hob, a by-form of Rob. Hence also O. Fr. hobin, hobi (Fr. aubin).]

Hobby, hob′i, n. a small species of falcon. [O. Fr. hobé, hobet—Low L. hobetus; prob. O. Fr. hober, to move.]

Hobgoblin. See Hob (2).—ns. '; '.

Hobjob, hob′job, n. (prov.) an odd job.—v.i. to work at such.—ns. '; '.

Hobnail. See Hob (1).

Hobnob, hob′nob, adv. have or not have, a familiar invitation to drink.—v.i. to associate or drink together familiarly.—pr.p. '.—adj. '. [Hab, nab.]

Hobson-jobson, hob′son-job′son, n. a native festal excitement, esp. the Moharram ceremonies. [A corr. of the wailing 'Yā Hasan! Yā Hosain!' a typical phrase of Anglo-Indian argot, hence adopted as a concise alternative title for Yule and Burnell's admirable Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases (Lond. 1886).]

Hock, hok, n. and v. See Hough.

Hock, hok, n. properly, the wine made at Hochheim, Germany; now applied to all white Rhine wines.

Hock-day, hok′-dā, n. an old English festival held on the second Monday and Tuesday after Easter Sunday, one of the chief customs being the seizing and binding of passengers until they gave money for their liberty, Monday the men by the women, Tuesday the women by the men.—Also .

Hockey, hok′i, n. a game at ball played with a club or stick curved at one end, shinty.—Also . [Prob. O. Fr. hoquet, a crook.]

Hockey, hok′i, n. (prov.) harvest-home, the harvest-supper.—Also ', '.

Hockle, hok′l, v.t. to hamstring. [See Hough.]

Hocus-pocus, hō′kus-pō′kus, n. a juggler: a juggler's trick.—v.t. , to cheat: to stupefy with drink: to drug:—pr.p. pa.p.  [The meaningless gibberish of a juggler—no reference to &apos;hoc est corpus.']

Hod, hod, n. a kind of trough borne on the shoulder, for carrying bricks and mortar: a coal-scuttle: a pewterer's blowpipe.—n. , a man who carries a hod: a mason's labourer. [A variant of prov. hot; cf. Fr. hotte, a basket.]

Hoddengray, hod′n-grā, n. coarse cloth made of undyed wool.—adj. , wearing hoddengray: rustic.—n. hoddengray. [Prob. a form of holden, kept, reserved, and gray.]

Hoddle, hod′l, v.i. (Scot.) to waddle.

Hodge, hoj, n. a countryman, rustic. [Hodge, corr. from Roger.]

Hodgepodge, hoj′poj, n. (see Hotchpotch).—n.  (Shak.), a pudding made of a mass of ingredients mixed together.

Hodiernal, hō-di-ėrn′al, adj. of or pertaining to the present day. [L. hodiernus—hodie, to-day—hoc die, on this day.]

Hodmandod, hod′man-dod, n. a snail, dodman.

Hodograph, hod′o-graf, n. a curve the radius vector of which represents in direction and magnitude the velocity of a moving particle—a term suggested by Sir W. R. Hamilton. [Gr. hodos, a way, graphein, to write.]

Hodometer, ho-dom′e-tėr, n. an instrument attached to the axle of a vehicle to register the revolutions of the wheels. [Gr. hodos, a way, metron, a measure.]

Hoe, hō, n. an instrument for hewing or digging up weeds and loosening the earth.—v.t. to cut or clean with a hoe: to weed.—v.i. to use a hoe:—pr.p. pa.p. hoed.—ns. ' (U.S.), a thin cake of Indian meal; '.—A hard, or long, row to hoe, a hard or wearisome task to perform. [O. Fr. houe—Old High Ger. houwa (Ger. haue), a hoe.]

Hog, hog, n. a general name for swine: a castrated boar: a pig: formerly slang for a shilling: a low filthy fellow.—v.t. to cut short the hair of:—pr.p. pa.p. hogged.—ns. ', ', a back rising in the middle: a ridge of a hill of such shape—also Horseback; ', hoggishness of character: coarseness; ', a boar of the second year: a sheep or colt after it has passed its first year.—adj. ', resembling a hog: brutish: filthy: selfish.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', the nature of a hog; ', a horse's mane clipped short; ', a pig-sty; ', a West Indian tree of the cashew family, the fruit given to hogs; ', ', an officer charged with the care of stray swine; ', one who puts rings into the snouts of hogs; ', the henbane.—v.t. ' (Scot.), to jostle with the shoulder.—ns. ', leather made of the skin of swine; ', the melted fat of the hog; , the refuse of a kitchen, brewery, &c.—Bring one's hogs to a fine market, to make a complete mess of something; Go the whole hog, to do a thing thoroughly or completely, to commit one's self to anything unreservedly. [M. E. hogge, a gelded hog, prob. from hack, to cut; others derive from W. hwch, a sow, Bret. houch, hoch.]

Hog, hog, v.i. to droop at both ends.—n. , a fore-and-aft frame serving to resist vertical flexure in a ship.—adj. Hogged, of a ship, having a droop at the ends.

Hog, hog, n. in curling, a stone which does not pass the hog-score.—v.t. to play such a shot with a curling-stone.—n. , a line drawn across the rink at a certain distance from the tees—to be cleared, else the shot does not count. [Prob. conn. with hog, a swine.]

Hog, Hogg, hog, n. a young sheep of the second year.—Also .

Hogan, hog′an, n. a kind of strong liquor. [Corr. of hogen-mogen—Dut. hoog en mogend, high and mighty.]

Hogger, hog′er, n. (prov.) a coal-miner's footless stocking.—n. , the terminal section of the discharge-pipe of a mining-pump.

Hogmanay, hog-ma-nā′, n. (Scot.) the old name for the last day of the year. [Prob. a corr., through Norman French forms, of O. Fr. aguilanneuf=au-gui-l'an-neuf, 'to the mistletoe! the New Year!' Fr. gui, mistletoe, is from L. viscum.]

Hogshead, hogz′hed, n. (Shak.) a large cask: a measure of capacity=52½ imperial gallons, or 63 old wine gallons; of beer=54 gallons; of claret=46 gallons; of tobacco (U.S.), varying from 750 to 1200 lb. [Corr. of Old Dut. okshoofd, ox-head; from the brand on the cask.]

Hoiden. See Hoyden.

Hoise, hoiz, v.t. to hoist.

Hoist, hoist, v.t. to lift: to raise with tackle: to heave.—n. act of lifting: the height of a sail: an apparatus for lifting heavy bodies to the upper stories of a building.—Hoist with one's own petard, beaten with one's own weapons, caught in one's own trap. [Formerly hoise, or hoyse—Old Dut. hyssen, Dut. hijsschen, to hoist.]

Hoity-toity, hoi′ti-toi′ti, interj. an exclamation of surprise or disapprobation.—adj. giddy, gay, noisy.

Hoky-poky, hō′ki-pō′ki, n. a kind of ice-cream sold on the streets. [From hocus-pocus.]

Holarctic, hol-ärk′tik, adj. entirely arctic.

Hold, hōld, v.t. to keep possession of or authority over: to sustain: to defend: to maintain, support: to occupy: to derive title to: to bind: to confine: to restrain: to stop, as in 'to cry hold:' to continue: to persist in: to contain: to celebrate: to esteem: (Shak.) to endure: (arch.) to bet.—v.i. to remain fixed: to be true or unfailing: to continue unbroken or unsubdued: to adhere: to derive right:—pr.p. pa.t. held; pa.p. held (obs. —n. act or manner of holding: seizure: power of seizing: something for support: a place of confinement: custody: a fortified place: (mus.) a mark over a rest or note, indicating that it is to be prolonged.—ns. ', a general receptacle, esp. a big carpet-bag; ', a check: a strap joining the breeching to the shaft of a vehicle; ', one of the beams crossing a ship's hold and strengthening the framework.—' (B.), old pa.p. of hold.—ns. '; ', that which holds fast: a long nail: a catch; , anything held: a farm held of a superior: hold: influence: (Scots law) tenure.—Hold forth, to put forward: show: to speak in public, to declaim; Hold hard! stop! Hold in, to restrain, check: to restrain one's self; Hold of (Pr. Bk.), to regard; Hold off, to keep at a distance; Hold on, to persist in something: to continue: to cling; Hold one in hand, to amuse in order to gain some advantage; Hold one's own, to maintain one's position; Hold one's peace, Hold one's tongue, to keep silence; Hold out, to endure, last; Hold over, to postpone, to keep possession of land or a house beyond the term of agreement; Hold the market (see Market); Hold together, to remain united: to cohere; Hold up, to raise: to continue to go at the same rate; Hold water, to be sound and firm, to endure trial; Hold with, to take sides with. [A.S. healdan; Old High Ger. haltan, Goth. haldan.]

Hold, hōld, n. the interior cavity of a ship between the floor and the lower deck, used for the cargo. [Dut. hol, a cavity or hole, with excrescent d.]

Hole, hōl, n. a hollow place: a cavity: an opening in a solid body: a pit: a subterfuge: a means of escape: a difficult situation: a scrape: a place of hiding, a mean lodging, a secret room for some disreputable business: (golf) one of the holes, 4 in. in diameter, into which the ball is played, also the distance between any two holes.—v.t. to form holes in: to drive into a hole.—v.i. to go into a hole.—adj. , secret: underhand.—ns. Hōling-axe, a narrow axe for cutting holes in posts; Hōling-pick, a pick used in under-cutting coal.—A hole in one's coat, a stain on a person's reputation; Put a person in a hole, to put him in a position from which he cannot easily extricate himself; Toad in the hole, meat baked in batter, &c. [A.S. hol, a hole, cavern; Dut. hol, Dan. hul, Ger. hohl, hollow; conn. with Gr. koilos, hollow.]

Hole, adj. (Spens.) whole.

Holibut. See Halibut.

Holiday, hol′i-dā, n. a consecrated day: a religious festival: a day for the commemoration of some event: a day of idleness and amusement.—adj. befitting a holiday: cheerful.—Holiday speeches, fine but empty phrases. [Formerly holy day.]

Holla, hol′a, Hollo, Holloa, or  interj. ho, there! attend! (naut.) the usual response to 'Ahoy!'—n. a loud shout.—v.i. to cry loudly to one at a distance. [Fr. holà—ho and là—L. illac, there; the other forms are due to confusion with halloo.]

Holland, hol′and, n. a coarse linen fabric, unbleached or dyed brown, which is used for covering furniture, &c.: (orig.) a fine kind of linen first made in Holland.

Hollander, hol′and-ėr, n. a native of Holland.—adj. '.—n. ', gin made in Holland.

Hollow, hol′ō, adj. vacant: not solid: containing an empty space: sunken: unsound: insincere.—n. a hole: a cavity: any depression in a body: any vacuity: a groove: a channel.—v.t. to make a hole in: to make hollow by digging: to excavate.—adv. completely: clean.—adjs. ', having sunken eyes; ', having a hollow or untrue heart: faithless: treacherous.—adv. ' (Shak.), in a hollow or insincere manner.—ns. ', the state of being hollow: cavity: insincerity: treachery; , trade name for hollow articles of iron, as pots and kettles.—Beat hollow, to beat wholly. [A.S. holh, a hollow place—hol. See Hole.]

Holly, hol′i, n. an evergreen shrub having leathery, shining, and spinous leaves and scarlet or yellow berries, much used for Christmas decorations. [A.S. holegn; cf. W. celyn, Ir. cuileann.]

Hollyhock, hol′i-hok, n. a kind of mallow, brought into Europe from the Holy Land—(Bacon) . [M. E. holihoc—holi, holy, and A.S. hoc, mallows—Celtic, cf. W. hocys.]

Holm, hōlm, or hōm, n. a river-islet: rich flat land beside a river. [A.S. holm, orig. a mound; Ger. holm, &c.]

Holm, hōlm, or hōm, n. (Spens.) holly.—n. , the ilex or evergreen oak, so called from some resemblance to the holly. [Holm- is a corr. of holin, the M. E. form of holly, which see.]

Holoblastic, hol-o-blas′tik, adj. undergoing segmentation throughout the entire mass, as the ova of mammals.

Holocaust, hol′o-kawst, n. a burnt sacrifice, in which the whole of the victim was consumed. [L.,—Gr. holokauston—holos, whole, kaustos, burnt.]

Holocryptic, hol-o-krip′tik, adj. concealing completely, undecipherable.

Holograph, hol′o-graf, n. a document wholly written by the person from whom it proceeds (also used as adj.).—adj. . [Gr. holos, whole, graphein, to write.]

Holohedrism, hol-o-hē′drizm, n. (math.) the property of having the full number of symmetrically arranged planes crystallographically possible.—adj. '.—n. ', a form possessing this property. [Gr. holos, whole, hedra, base.]

Holometabolic, hol-o-met-a-bol′ik, adj. undergoing complete metamorphosis, as an insect—opp. of Ametabolic.

Holometer, hol-om′et-ėr, n. an instrument for taking all kinds of measures. [Gr. holos, whole, metron, measure.]

Holomorphic, hol-o-mor′fik, adj. (math.) having the properties of an entire function, being finite, continuous, and one-valued for all finite values of the variable: showing holohedral symmetry. [Gr. holos, whole, morphē, form.]

Holophote, hol′o-fōt, n. an improved optical apparatus now used in lighthouses, by which all the light from the lamp is thrown in the required direction, in the catoptric holophote by reflectors, in the dioptric by refracting lenses, in the catadioptric by both combined.—adj. . [Gr. holos, whole, phōs, phōtos, light.]

Holophrastic, hol-o-fras′tik, adj. bearing the force of a whole phrase, expressive of a sentence or an idea.—n. . [Gr. holos, whole, phrastikos, phrazein, to indicate.]

Holorhinal, hol-o-rī′nal, adj. having the nasal bones slightly cleft or not at all. [Gr. holos, whole, hris, hrinos, the nose.]

Holothurian, hol-o-thōō′ri-an, n. a sea-cucumber or similar echinoderm. [L.,—Gr. holothourion, from holos, whole, and perh. thouros, impetuous.]

Holp, hōlp, Holpen, hōlp′n, old pa.t. and pa.p. of help.

Holster, hōl′stėr, n. the leathern case carried by a horseman at the forepart of the saddle for covering a pistol.—adj. . [Acc. to Skeat, from Dut. holster, a pistol-case—hullen, to cover, which is cog. with A.S. helan, to cover.]

Holt, hōlt, n. a wood or woody hill: an orchard. [A.S. holt, a wood; Ice. holt, a copse, Ger. holz.]

Holus-bolus, hōl′us-bōl′us, adv. all at a gulp: altogether.—n. the whole. [A vulgarism, formed from whole, most likely on the analogy of hocus-pocus; hardly conn. with bolus, a pill.]

Holy, hō′li, adj. perfect in a moral sense: pure in heart: religious: set apart to a sacred use.—adv. ', in a holy manner: piously.—n. ', state of being holy: religious goodness: sanctity: a title of the pope.—adj. ' (Shak.), cruel through excess of holiness.—ns. ', a formal spelling of holiday (q.v.); ', the Inquisition; ', the holy cross in R.C. churches over the entrance to the chancel; ', a sandstone used by seamen for cleansing the decks, said to be named from cleaning the decks for Sunday.—v.t. to scrub with a holystone.—ns. ', the day on which the ascension of our Saviour is commemorated, ten days before Whitsuntide; ', water blessed by the priest or bishop for certain religious uses; ', the week before Easter, kept holy to commemorate our Lord's passion; , the holy writings: the Scriptures.—Holy Alliance, a league formed after the fall of Napoleon (1815) by the sovereigns of Austria Russia, and Prussia, professedly to regulate all national and international relations in accordance with the principles of Christian charity; Holy city, Jerusalem: also specially applied to Rome, Mecca, Benares, Allahabad, &c.; Holy coat, the seamless coat of Jesus, claimed to be kept at Trèves; Holy communion (see Communion); Holy Family, the infant Saviour with Joseph, Mary, &c.; Holy Ghost, Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, proceeding from the Father and the Son; Holy grail (see Grail); Holy grass, a sweet-smelling grass about a foot high, with a brownish glossy lax panicle—sometimes strewed on the floors of churches on festival days, whence its name; Holy land, Palestine; Holy of holies, The most holy place, the inner chamber of the Jewish tabernacle, which the high-priest alone might enter, and but once a year; Holy One, God: Christ: the one who is holy, by way of emphasis: one separated to the service of God; Holy orders, ordination to the rank of minister in holy things: the Christian ministry; Holy places, scenes of the Saviour's life, the sepulchre, &c.; Holy quest, the search for the Holy grail; Holy Roman Empire, the official denomination of the German Empire from 962 down to 1806, when Francis II. of Hapsburg resigned the imperial title; Holy war, a name impiously given to a war for the extirpation of heresy, as that against the Albigenses, &c.: one of the Crusades. [A.S. hálig, lit. whole, perfect, healthy—hál, sound, whole; conn. with hail, heal, whole.]