Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Forethink Free

Forethink, fōr-thingk′, v.t. to anticipate in the mind: to have prescience of.—n. , thought or care for the future: provident care.

Foretoken, fōr′tō-kn, n. a token or sign beforehand.—v.t. , to signify beforehand.

Foretooth, fōr′tōōth, n. a tooth in the forepart of the mouth:—pl. .

Foretop, fōr′top, n. (naut.) the platform at the head of the foremast: a lock of natural hair or in a wig, lying on the forehead, or brushed up straight.—n. ', in a ship, the mast erected at the head of the foremast, at the top of which is the '.

Forever, for-ev′ėr, adv. for ever, for all time to come: to eternity.—adv. , for ever hereafter.

Forevouched, fōr-vowcht′, p.adj. (Shak.) affirmed or told before.

Foreward, fōr′wawrd, n. advance-guard: (Shak.) the front.

Forewarn, fōr-wawrn′, v.t. to warn beforehand: to give previous notice.—n. , warning beforehand.

Foreweigh, fōr-wā′, v.t. to estimate beforehand.

Forewind, fōr′wind, n. (Shak.) a favourable wind.

Forewoman, fōr′woom-an, n. a woman who oversees the employees in any shop or factory, a head-woman:—pl. .

Foreword, fōr′wurd, n. a preface.

Forfairn, fōr-fārn′, adj. (Scot.) worn out: exhausted.

Forfeit, for′fit, v.t. to lose the right to by some fault or crime:—pr.p. pa.p. —n. that which is forfeited: a penalty for a crime, or breach of some condition: a fine: something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine or penalty, esp. in pl., a game of this kind.—adj. forfeited.—adj. '.—ns. ' (Shak.), one who incurs punishment by forfeiting his bond; , act of forfeiting: state of being forfeited: the thing forfeited. [O. Fr. forfait—Low L. forisfactum—L. forisfacĕre, to transgress.]

Forfend, for-fend′, v.t. (arch.) to ward off, avert.

Forfex, fōr′feks, n. a pair of scissors.

Forfoughten, for′fäh-ten, adj. (Scot.) exhausted, as by fighting.

Forgat, for-gat′, old pa.t. of forget.

Forgather, for-gath′er, v.i. (Scot.) to meet, to take up company with.

Forgave, for-gāv′, pa.t. of forgive.

Forge, fōrj, n. the workshop of a workman in iron, &c.: a furnace, esp. one in which iron is heated: a smithy: a place where anything is shaped or made.—v.t. to form by heating and hammering: to form: to make falsely: to fabricate: to counterfeit or imitate for purposes of fraud.—v.i. to commit forgery.—ns. '; ', one who forges or makes one guilty of forgery; ', fraudulently making or altering any writing: that which is forged or counterfeited.—adj. ' (Shak.), that may forge or produce.—n. , a piece of metal shaped by hammering: act of one who forges: a form of overreaching in which the horse strikes the fore shoe with the toe of the hind one, clicking. [O. Fr. forge—L. fabrica—faber, a workman.]

Forge, fōrj, v.t. to move steadily on (with ahead).

Forget, for-get′, v.t. to lose or put away from the memory: to neglect:—pr.p. pa.t.  pa.p.  —adjs. ', '; ', apt to forget: inattentive.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', a small herb (Myosotis palustris) with beautiful blue flowers, regarded as the emblem of friendship: a keepsake [a word adapted by Coleridge from the German Vergissmeinnicht]; ', one who fails to bear in mind: a heedless person.—adv. '.—Forget one's self, to lose one's self-control or dignity, to descend to words and deeds unworthy of one's self. [A.S. forgietan—pfx. for-, away, gitan, to get.]

Forgive, for-giv′, v.t. to pardon: to overlook an offence or debt: (Spens.) to give up.—v.i. to be merciful or forgiving.—adj. ', capable of being forgiven.—n. ', pardon: remission: disposition to pardon.—adj. , ready to pardon: merciful: compassionate. [A.S. forgiefan—pfx. for-, away, giefan, to give; cf. Ger. ver-geben.]

Forgo. See Forego.

Forgot, Forgotten. See Forget.

Forhail, for-hāl′, v.t. (Spens.) to overtake.

Forhent, for-hent′, v.t. (Spens.) to overtake.

Forhow, for-how′, v.t. (Scot.) to desert or abandon. [A.S. forhogian, pfx. for-, away, hogian, to care.]

Forisfamiliate, fō-ris-fa-mil′i-āt, v.t. to put a son in possession of land which he accepts as his whole portion of his father's property, said of a father.—v.i. to renounce one's title to a further share of the paternal estate, said of a son:—pr.p. pa.p. —n. . [Low L. forisfamiliāre, -ātum—L. foris, out of doors, familia, a family.]

Forjeskit, for-jes′kit, adj. (Scot.) tired out.

Fork, fork, n. an instrument with two or more prongs at the end: one of the points or divisions of anything fork-like: the bottom of a sump into which the water of a mine drains—also Forcque: (pl.) the branches into which a road or river divides, also the point of separation.—v.i. to divide into two branches: to shoot into blades, as corn.—v.t. to form as a fork: to pitch with a fork: to bale a shaft dry.—n. ', a forked lathe-centre used in wood-turning.—adjs. Forked, ', shaped like a fork.—adv. '.—ns. ', '; '; ', the forked end of a rod in a knuckle-joint or the like; ', a fish with forked tail: the kite.—Fork out, over (slang), to hand or pay over. [A.S. forca—L. furca.]

Forlorn, for-lorn′, adj. quite lost: forsaken; wretched.—v.t. ' (Spens.).—adv. '.—n. . [A.S. forloren, pa.p. of forléòsan, to lose—pfx. for-, away, and léòsan, to lose; Ger. verloren, pa.p. of verlieren, to lose.]

Forlorn-hope, for-lorn′-hōp, n. a body of soldiers selected for some service of uncommon danger. [From the Dut. verloren hoop, the lost troop.]

Form, form, n. shape of a body: the boundary-line of an object: a model: a mould: mode of being: mode of arrangement: order: regularity: system, as of government: beauty or elegance: established practice: ceremony: fitness or efficiency for any undertaking: a blank schedule to be filled in with details: a specimen document to be copied or imitated: (phil.) the inherent nature of an object, that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing, that in which the essence of a thing consists: (print.) the type from which an impression is to be taken arranged and secured in a chase—often Forme:—(in the fol. senses pron. fōrm), a long seat, a bench: the pupils on a form, a class: the bed of a hare, which takes its shape from the animal's body.—v.t. to give form or shape to: to make: to contrive: to settle, as an opinion: to combine: to go to make up: to establish: (gram.) to make by derivation.—v.i. to assume a form.—adj. ', according to form or established mode: ceremonious, punctilious, methodical: having the form only: (Shak.) embodied in a form: having the power of making a thing what it is: essential: proper.—v.t. and v.i. '.—ns. ', excessive observance of form or conventional usage, esp. in religion: stiffness of manner; ', one having exaggerated regard to rules or established usages; ', the precise observance of forms or ceremonies: established order: sacrifice of substance to form.—adv. '.—n. ', a making or producing: structure: (geol.) a group of strata of one period.—adj. ', giving form, determining, moulding: (gram.) inflectional, serving to form, not radical.—n. a derivative.—p.adj. Formed, trained, mature.—n. '.—adj. ', shapeless.—Formal logic (see Logic).—Good, or Bad, form, according to good social usage, or the opposite; Take form, to assume a definite appearance. [O. Fr. forme—L. forma, shape.]

Formalin, for′ma-lin, n. a formic aldehyde used as an antiseptic, germicide, or preservative in foods.

Format, for′ma, n. of books, &c., the size, form, shape in which they are issued. [Fr.]

Formate, form′āt, n. a salt composed of formic acid and a base.—Also .

Former, form′ėr, adj. (comp. of fore) before in time or order: past: first mentioned.—adv. , in former times: heretofore. [Formed late on analogy of M. E. formest by adding comp. suff. -er to base of A.S. forma, first, itself a superlative form.]

Formic, for′mik, adj. pertaining to ants, as formic acid, originally obtained from ants.—adj. ', crawling like an ant: very small and unequal, of a pulse.—n. ', an ant-hill.—adj. ', resembling an ant.—n. ', a sensation like that of ants creeping on the skin. [L. formicāre, -ātum, to creep like an ant—formica.]

Formidable, for′mi-da-bl, adj. causing fear: adapted to excite fear.—ns. '; '.—adv. . [Fr.,—L. formidabilis—formido, fear.]

Formula, form′ū-la, n. a prescribed form: a formal statement of doctrines: (math.) a general expression for solving problems: (chem.) a set of symbols expressing the components of a body:—pl. Formulæ '.—adjs. ', '.—ns. ', '; ', a formula: a book of formulæ or precedents.—adj. prescribed: ritual.—vs.t. ', ', to reduce to or express in a formula: to state or express in a clear or definite form. [L., dim. of forma.]

Fornent, for-nent′, adv. and prep. (Scot.) right opposite to.

Fornicate, for′ni-kāt, adj. arched: (bot.) arching over.—n. . [L. fornicatus—fornix, an arch.]

Fornicate, for′ni-kāt, v.i. to commit lewdness: to have unlawful sexual intercourse.—ns. ', sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons, or an unmarried and married person: (B.) adultery, and applied frequently by a figure to idolatry; ', an unmarried person guilty of lewdness:—fem. . [L. fornix, an arch, brothel.]

Fornix, for′niks, n. something resembling an arch: an arched formation of the brain. [L.]

Forpine, for-pīn′, v.i. (Spens.) to waste away.

Forpit, for′pit, n. (Scot.) the fourth part of some other measure, now of a peck.—Also .

Forrit, for′it, adv. (Scot.) forward.

Forsake, for-sāk′, v.t. to desert: to abandon:—pr.p. pa.t.  pa.p. —adj. '.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', abandonment. [A.S. forsacan—for-, away, sacan, to strive.]

Forsay, for-sā′, v.t. (Spens.) to forbid, to renounce. [A.S. forsecgan—for, against, secgan, to say.]

Forslack, for-slak′, v.t. (Spens.) to relax, delay.

Forslow, for-slō′, v.t. See Foreslow.

Forsooth, for-sōōth′, adv. in truth: certainly.

Forspeak, for-spēk′, v.t. (Shak.) to forbid, to prohibit: (Scot.) to bewitch.

Forspend, for-spend′, v.t. to spend completely:—pa.t. and pa.p.

Forstall, for-stawl′, v.t. Same as Forestall.

Forswat, for-swat′, adj. (Spens.) exhausted with heat. [Pfx. for-, inten., and swat, old pa.t. of sweat.]

Forswear, for-swār′, v.t. to deny upon oath:—pa.t. pa.p. —n. .—Forswear one's self, to swear falsely.

Forswink, for-swingk′, v.t. to exhaust by labour.—p.adj.  (Spens.), over-laboured. [Pfx. for-, inten., and obs. swink, labour.]

Fort, fōrt, n. a small fortress: an outlying trading-station, as in British North America.—adj.  (Shak.), guarded by forts. [Fr.,—L. fortis, strong.]

Fortalice, fort′al-is, n. a small outwork of a fortification. [Low L. fortalitia—L. fortis.]

Forte, fōrt, n. that in which one excels.

Forte, fōr′te, adj. (mus.) strongly, loud:—superl. .—n. a loud passage in music. [It.]

Forth, fōrth, adv. before or forward in place or order: in advance: onward in time: (Shak.) completely, outright: abroad: (B.) out.—prep. (Shak.) out of, forth from.—v.i. ', to come forth.—adj. ', just coming forth: about to appear.—ns. ', a going forth: a proceeding out; ', coming forth; ', action of putting forth: (U.S.) forwardness.—adj. forward.—adv. ', straightforward.—n. (Shak.) a straight path.—adj. straightforward: honest.—adv. , immediately.—And so forth, and so on, and more besides. [A.S. forth—fore, before; Dut. voort, Ger. fort.]

Forthink, for-thingk′, v.t. (Spens.) to be sorry for.

Forthy, for′thi, adv. (Spens.) therefore. [A.S. forthý—for, and thý, instrumental case of thaet, that.]

Fortieth. See Forty.

Fortify, for′ti-fī, v.t. to strengthen against attack with forts, &c.: to invigorate: to confirm:—pa.p. —adj. '.—ns. ', the art of strengthening a military position by means of defensive works: the work so constructed: that which fortifies; . [Fr. fortifier—Low L. fortificāre—fortis, strong, facĕre, to make.]

Fortilage, fōr′ti-lāj, n. (Spens.) a fort. [Fortalice.]

Fortissimo. See Forte.

Fortition, for-tish′un, n. principle of trusting to chance. [L. fors, chance.]

Fortitude, for′ti-tūd, n. mental power of endurance: firmness in meeting danger: (obs.) strength, power of resistance or attack.—adj. . [L. fortitudo—fortis.]

Fortlet, fōrt′let, n. a little fort.

Fortnight, fort′nīt, n. two weeks or fourteen days.—adj. and adv. , once a fortnight. [Contr. of A.S. féowertýne niht, fourteen nights.]

Fortress, for′tres, n. a fortified place: a defence.—v.t. (Shak.) to guard. [O. Fr. forteresse, another form of fortelesce (q.v. under Fortalice).]

Fortuitous, for-tū′i-tus, adj. happening by chance.—ns. '; '.—adv. '.—ns. ', . [L. fortuitus.]

Fortune, for′tūn, n. whatever comes by lot or chance: luck: the arbitrary ordering of events: the lot that falls to one in life: success: wealth.—v.i. to befall.—v.t. to determine.—adj. ', happening by good fortune: lucky: auspicious: felicitous.—adv. '.—ns. '; ', a book helpful in telling fortunes.—adj. ', supplied by fortune.—n. ', a man who hunts for marriage with a woman of fortune.—adj. ', without a fortune: luckless.—v.i. ', to reveal futurity: to tell one his fortune.—ns. ', one who pretends to foretell one's fortune; '.—v.t.  (Spens.), to make fortunate or happy. [Fr.,—L. fortuna.]

Forty, for′ti, adj. and n. four times ten.—adj. .—n. a fortieth part.—Forty winks, a short nap, esp. after dinner.—The Forty, the French Academy. [A.S. féowertig—feower, four, tig, ten.]

Forum, fō′rum, n. a market-place, esp. the market-place in Rome, where public business was transacted and justice dispensed: the courts of law as opposed to the Parliament. [L., akin to foras, out of doors.]

Forwander, for-won′dėr, v.i. and v.t. (Spens.) to wander till wearied, to weary with wandering.

Forward, for′ward, adj. near or at the forepart: in advance of something else: ready: too ready: presumptuous: officious: earnest: early ripe.—v.t. to help on, to quicken: to send on.—advs. ', ', towards what is before or in front: onward: progressively.—ns. '; ', the act of sending forward merchandise, &c., for others.—adv. '.—n. '. [A.S. foreweard—fore, and -weard, sig. direction. Forwards—M. E. forwardes—was orig. the gen. form (cf. Ger. vorwärts).]

Forwaste, for-wāst′, v.t. (Spens.) to lay waste utterly.

Forweary, for-wē′ri, v.t. (Spens.) to weary out.

Forwent, for-went′ (Spens.), pa.t of forego.

Forworn, for-wōrn′, adj. (Spens.) much worn.

Forzando. Same as Sforzando (q.v.).

Foss, Fosse, fos, n. (fort.) a ditch or moat, either with or without water, the excavation of which has contributed material for the walls of the fort it protects: an abyss.—adj. Fossed.—n. , an ancient Roman road having a ditch on either side. [Fr. fosse—L. fossa—fodĕre, fossum, to dig.]

Fossa, fos′a, n. (anat.) a pit or depression in a body, esp. that in an animal integument forming a point of attachment for an organ.—n. , a dimple or small depression. [L., a ditch.]

Fosset-seller, fos′et-sel′ėr, n. (Shak.) one who sells faucets. [Fosset, obs. form of faucet.]

Fossick, fos′ik, v.i. to be troublesome: to undermine another's diggings, or work over waste-heaps for gold: to search about for any kind of profit.—ns. ', a mining gleaner who works over old diggings, and scratches about in the beds of creeks; '. [Ety. dub.]

Fossil, fos′il, n. the petrified remains of an animal or vegetable found embedded in the strata of the earth's crust: anything antiquated.—adj. dug out of the earth: in the condition of a fossil: antiquated.—adj. ', bearing or containing fossils.—n. ', the act of becoming fossil.—vs.t. ', ', to convert into a fossil.—v.i. to be changed into a stony or fossil state.—ns. ', a changing into a fossil; ', the science of fossils; ', one skilled in fossils; ', , paleontology. [Fr. fossile—L. fossilis—fodĕre, to dig.]

Fossorial, fo-sō′ri-al, adj. digging, burrowing.—n. , a grave-digger. [L. fossor—fodĕre, to dig.]

Fossulate, fos′ū-lāt, adj. (anat.) having one or more long narrow grooves or depressions.

Foster, fos′tėr, v.t. to bring up or nurse: to encourage.—ns. ', the act of fostering or nursing; ', a male child, fostered or brought up with another of different parents; ', a child nursed or brought up by one who is not its parent; '; '; ', one who brings up a child in place of its father; ', a foster-child; ', one who suckles a child not her own; ' (Shak.), a nurse; ', one who rears a child in the place of its parent; ', one brought up as a sister by the same parents, but not a sister by birth; ', one brought up as a son, though not a son by birth. [A.S. fóstrian, to nourish, fóstor, food.]

Foster, fos′tėr, n. (Spens.) a forester.

Fother, foth′ėr, v.t. to stop or lessen a leak in a ship's bottom whilst afloat by means of a heavy sail closely thrummed with yarn and oakum. [Perh. from Dut. voederen (mod. voeren) or Low Ger. fodern, to line.]

Fother, foth′ėr, n. a load, quantity: a definite weight—of lead, 19½ cwt. [A.S. fóðer; Ger. fuder.]

Fou, fōō, adj. (Scot.) full: drunk.

Fou, fōō, n. (Scot.) a bushel.

Foud, fowd, n. a bailiff or magistrate in Orkney and Shetland.—n. , his jurisdiction. [Ice. fógeti; Ger. vogt; from L. vocatus—vocāre, to call.]

Foudroyant, fōō-droi′ant, adj. quick like lightning. [Fr. foudroyer—foudre, lightning.]

Fouet, fōō′et, n. (Scot.) the house-leek.—Also .

Fougade, foo-gäd′, n. (mil.) a small mine from six to twelve feet under ground, charged either with powder or loaded shells, and sometimes loaded with stones.—Also . [Fr.]

Fought, fawt, pa.t. and pa.p.—Foughten old pa.p. of fight.

Foul, fowl, adj. filthy: loathsome: obscene: impure: stormy: unfair: running against: distressing, pernicious: choked up, entangled: (Shak.) homely, ugly.—v.t. to make foul: to soil: to effect a collision.—v.i. to come into collision:—pr.p. pa.p. fouled.—n. act of fouling: any breach of the rules in games or contests.—adj. ' (Shak.), having a hatefully ugly face.—n. ', fish during the spawning season.—adv. '.—adjs. ', ', addicted to the use of foul or profane language.—ns. '; '; ', unfair action in any game or contest, dishonest dealing generally.—Claim a foul, to assert that the recognised rules have been broken, and that a victory is therefore invalid; Fall foul of, to come against: to assault; Make foul water, used of a ship, to come into such shallow water that the keel raises the mud. [A.S. fúl; Ger. faul, Goth. fûls.]

Foulard, fōōl′ard, n. a soft untwilled silk fabric: a silk handkerchief. [Fr.]

Foulder, fowl′dėr, v.i. (Spens.) to flame, to gleam. [O. Fr. fouldre—L. fulgur, lightning.]

Foulé, fōō-lā′, n. a light woollen dress material with a glossy surface. [Fr.]

Foumart, fōō′märt, n. an old name for the polecat, from its offensive smell. [M. E. fulmard—A.S. fúl, foul, mearð, a marten.]

Found, pa.t. and pa.p. of find.—n. , a little child found deserted.—Foundling hospital, an institution where such are brought up.

Found, fownd, v.t. to lay the bottom or foundation of: to establish on a basis: to originate: to endow.—v.i. to rely.—ns. ', the act of founding: the base of a building: the groundwork or basis: a permanent fund for a benevolent purpose or for some special object; ', one supported from the funds or foundation of an institution; ', ', gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets; Foundātion-stone, one of the stones forming the foundation of a building, esp. a stone laid with public ceremony; ', one who founds, establishes, or originates: an endower:—fem. '. [Fr. fonder—L. fundāre, -ātum, to found—fundus, the bottom.]

Found, fownd, v.t. to form by melting and pouring into a mould: to cast.—ns. ', one who melts and casts metal, as a brassfounder; ', metal-casting; ', ', the art of founding or casting: the house where founding is carried on. [Fr. fondre—L. fundĕre, fusum, to pour.]

Founder, fownd′ėr, v.i. to go to the bottom: to fill with water and sink.—v.t. to cause to sink: to disable by injuring the feet (of a horse).—adj. , causing to founder. [O. Fr. fondrer, to fall in, fond, bottom—L. fundus, bottom.]

Fount. See Font (2).

Fountain, fownt′ān, n. a spring of water, natural or artificial: the structure for a jet of water: the source of anything: a reservoir for holding oil, &c., in a lamp.—ns. Fount, a spring of water: a source; ', the head or source of a fountain: the beginning.—adj. ', wanting fountains or springs of water.—n. ', a pen having a reservoir for holding ink.—adj. ', full of springs. [Fr. fontaine—Low L. fontāna—L. fons, fontis, a spring— to pour.]

Four, fōr, adj. and n. two and two, a cardinal number.—adjs. ', folded four times: multiplied four times; ', having four feet; ', having four hands: of a game, played by four people; ' (Shak.), four inches broad.—ns. ', a vehicle drawn by four horses, driven by one person: a team of four horses drawing a carriage—also adj.; ', a small silver coin worth fourpence formerly coined in England.—adj. worth fourpence.—n. ', a large bed with four posts on which to hang curtains.—adjs. ', four times a score—80; ', by fours: anything in which four act together—also n.; ', having four equal sides and angles: square.—adjs. and ns. ', four and ten; ', four or the fourth after the tenth.—adj. Fourth, next after the third.—n. one of four equal parts.—adv. '.—adj. ', of the fourth class or order.—n. , a carriage or cab with four wheels.—Go on all fours, to go on hands and knees. [A.S. féower; Ger. vier, L. quatuor, Gr. tessares.]

Fourchette, fōōr-shet′, n. a small forked instrument used for supporting the tongue in the operation of cutting the frenum: a forked piece between glove fingers, uniting the front and back parts. [Fr.]

Fourcroya, fōōr-krō′ya, n. a neotropical genus of Amaryllidaceæ, nearly allied to Agave (q.v.), and yielding a similar fibre. [Named from A. F. de Fourcroy, a French chemist (1755-1809).]

Fourgon, fōōr-gong′, n. a baggage-wagon. [Fr.]

Fourierism, fōō′ri-ėr-izm, n. the socialistic system of F. M. Charles Fourier (1772-1837), based on the harmony educed by the free-play of his twelve radical passions.

Foutre, fōō′tėr, n. (Shak.) a gross term of contempt, used interjectionally.—Also . [O. Fr. foutre—L. futuere, to lecher.]

Fouth, footh, n. (Scot.) abundance.—Also Fowth.

Fovea, fō′vē-a, n. (anat.) a depression or pit.—adjs. '; ', pitted.—n. ', a small depression—also '. [L.]

Fovilla, fō-vil′a, n. (bot.) the contents of a pollen-grain.

Fowl, fowl, n. a bird: a bird of the barn-door or poultry kind, a cock or hen: the flesh of fowl:—pl. Fowls, Fowl.—v.i. to kill fowls by shooting or snaring.—ns. ', a sportsman who takes wild-fowl; '; ', a net for catching birds; ', a light gun for small-shot, used in fowling. [A.S. fugol; Ger. vogel.]

Fox, foks, n. an animal of the family Canidæ, genus Vulpes, of proverbial cunning:—fem. ': any one notorious for cunning.—ns. ', a flying-fox, a fruit-bat; ', the tail of a fox; ', a fox's burrow.—adj. Foxed, discoloured, spotted.—ns. ', alopecia; ', a plant with glove-like flowers, whose leaves are used as a soothing medicine; ', a hound used for chasing foxes; '; '; '; ', decay: having a harsh, sour taste: state of being spotted, as books; ', a large shark of over 12 feet, occasionally seen off British coasts; ' (Shak.), the character of a fox, craftiness; ', a genus of grasses, generally characterised by a bushy head; ', a kind of terrier trained to unearth foxes; ', a trap for catching foxes; ', a pace with short steps, as in changing from trotting to walking.—adj. ', of foxes: cunning, suspicious, causing suspicion: (paint.) having too much of the reddish-brown or fox-colour.—Fox and geese, a game played with pieces on a board, where the object is for certain pieces called the geese to surround or corner one called the fox. [A.S. fox; Ger. fuchs.]

Foy, foi, n. (Spens.) allegiance. [Fr. foi, faith.]

Foy, foi, n. (prov.) a parting entertainment.

Foyer, fwo-yā′, n. in theatres, a public room opening on the lobby. [Fr.,—L. focus, hearth.]

Fozy, fōz′i, adj. (Scot.) spongy.—n. , softness, want of spirit. [Cf. Dut. voos, spongy.]

Frab, frab, v.t. to worry.—adj. , peevish.

Fracas, fra-kä′, n. uproar: a noisy quarrel. [Fr.,—It. fracasso—fracassare, to make an uproar.]

Fraction, frak′shun, n. a fragment or very small piece: (arith.) any part of a unit: a technical term to indicate the breaking of the bread in the sacrifice of the Eucharist.—v.t. Fract (Shak.), to break, to violate.—adjs. ' (her.), having a part displaced, as if broken; ', belonging to or containing a fraction or fractions; ', fractional: unimportant.—v.t. ', to separate the elements of a mixture by distillation or otherwise.—n. '.—v.t. ', to break up into fractions.—n. ', a small fraction.—adj. ', ready to quarrel: cross.—adv. '.—ns. '; , the breaking of any hard body: the breach or part broken: the breaking of a bone.—v.t. to break through.—Compound, Comminuted, Complicated fracture (see the respective adjectives); Greenstick fracture, a fracture where the bone is partly broken, partly bent, occurring in the limbs of children; Simple fracture, a fracture when the bone only is divided. [O. Fr. fraccion—L. fraction-em—frangĕre, fractum, to break.]

Fragaria, frā-gā′ri-a, n. a genus of perennial plants with creeping stolons, the fruit the strawberry. [L. fragum, the strawberry.]

Fragile, fraj′il, adj. easily broken: frail: delicate.—n. , the state of being fragile. [Fr.,—L. fragilis, frangĕre, to break.]

Fragment, frag′ment, n. a piece broken off: an unfinished portion.—adj. ' (also —adv. '.—n. '.—adjs. ', , consisting of fragments or pieces: broken. [Fr.,—L. fragmentum, frangĕre, to break.]

Fragor, frā′gor, n. a crash. [L.]

Fragrant, frā′grant, adj. sweet-scented.—ns. ', ', pleasantness of smell or perfume: sweet or grateful influence.—adv. '.—n. '. [Fr.,—L. fragrans, -antis, pr.p. of fragrāre, to smell.]

Frail, frāl, adj. wanting in strength or firmness: weak: unchaste.—adj. ', somewhat frail.—adv. '.—ns. ', ', weakness: infirmity. [O. Fr. fraile—L. fragilis, fragile.]

Frail, frāl, n. a rush: a basket made of rushes. [O. Fr. frayel; of dubious origin.]

Fraise, frāz, n. (fort.) a palisade of pointed stakes planted in the rampart horizontally or in an inclined position: a tool used for enlarging a drill-hole: a 16th-cent. ruff.—v.t. to fence with a fraise. [Fr.]

Fraise, frāz, n. (prov.) commotion.

Frambœsia, fram-bē′zi-a, n. the yaws (q.v.). [Fr. framboise, a raspberry.]

Frame, frām, v.t. to form: to shape: to construct by fitting the parts to each other: to plan, adjust, or adapt to an end: to contrive or devise: to constitute: to put a frame or border round, as a picture: to put into a frame: (Spens.) to support.—v.i. (dial.) to move: (B.) to contrive.—n. the form: a putting together of parts: a case made to enclose or support anything: the skeleton of anything: state of mind: in gardening, a movable structure used for the cultivation or the sheltering of plants, as a 'forcing-frame,' 'cucumber-frame,' &c.: (Shak.) the act of devising.—ns. ', a bridge constructed of pieces of timber framed together; ', a house consisting of a skeleton of timber, with boards or shingles laid on; ', a maker of frames for pictures; ', he who forms or constructs: one who makes frames for pictures, &c.; ', a thin saw stretched in a frame for greater rigidity; ', the work that forms the frame: the skeleton or outline of anything; , the act of constructing: a frame or setting. [A.S. framian, to be helpful, fram, forward.]

Frampold, fram′pōld, adj. (Shak.) peevish, cross-grained: quarrelsome.—Also . [Prob. fram, from, poll, head.]

Franc, frangk, n. a French silver coin, forming since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system, and now also used in Belgium, Switzerland, equal to fully 9½d. sterling, the equivalent of the Italian lira, the Greek drachma. [O. Fr. franc, from the legend Francorum rex on the first coins.]

Franchise, fran′chiz, or -chīz, n. liberty: a privilege or exemption belonging to a subject by prescription or conferred by grant: the right of voting for a member of Parliament.—v.t. to enfranchise: to give one the franchise.—ns. ' (Spens.), freedom, release; ', one who has the franchise. [O. Fr., from franc, free.]

Franciscan, fran-sis′kan, adj. belonging to the order of mendicant friars in the R.C. Church founded by St Francis of Assisi (1182-1226).—n. a monk of this order. [L. Franciscus, Francis.]

Franco-, frangk′ō, French, in combinations as Franco-German, Franco-Russian, &c.

Francolin, frang′kō-lin, n. a genus of birds of the grouse family, closely allied to partridges. [Fr.]

Franc-tireur, frang-tē-rėr′, n. a French sharp-shooter, one of an armed band of French peasants and others prominent in the later stages of the Franco-Prussian war. [Fr. franc, free, tireur, a shooter.]

Frangible, fran′ji-bl, adj. easily broken.—n. . [See Fraction.]

Frangipane, fran′ji-pān, n. a kind of pastry-cake, filled with cream, almonds, and sugar: a perfume from the flower of the red jasmine, or in imitation of it.—Also . [Fr., from a personal name.]

Franion, fran′yun, n. (Spens.) a paramour: a boon-companion. [Origin uncertain.]

Frank, frangk, adj. free, open: (obs.) liberal: open or candid in expression: (Spens.) unrestrained.—v.t. to send free of expense, as a letter.—n. the signature of a person who had the right to frank a letter.—n. ', a species of tenure in fee-simple, the opposite of copyhold.—adv. ', candidly: (obs.) gratuitously.—ns. '; ', a system of mutual suretyship by which the members of a tithing were made responsible for one another; , freehold. [O. Fr. franc—Low L. francus—Old High Ger. Franko, one of the tribe called Franks, a free man.]

Frank, frangk, n. one of the German tribes from Franconia who conquered Gaul in the 5th century, and founded France: the name given in the East to a native of Western Europe.—adj. .

Frank, frangk, n. (Shak.) a pig-sty.—v.t. (Shak.) to shut up in a sty, to cram, to fatten. [O. Fr. franc.]

Frankalmoign, frangk′al-moin, n. (Eng. law) a form of land-tenure in which no obligations were enforced except religious ones, as praying, &c. [O. Fr. franc, free, almoigne, alms.]

Frankenstein, frangk′en-stīn, n. any creation which brings anxiety or disaster to its author—from the Frankenstein in Mrs Shelley's romance so named, who by his skill forms an animate creature like a man, only to his own torment.

Frankincense, frangk′in-sens, n. a sweet-smelling vegetable resin from Arabia, used in sacrifices. [O. Fr. franc encens, pure incense.]

Franklin, frangk′lin, n. an old English freeholder, free from feudal servitude to a subject-superior. [Low L. francus, frank.]

Frantic, fran′tik, adj. mad, furious: wild.—advs. ', ' (Shak.).—adj. ', raving mad.—n. ', the state of being frantic. [O. Fr. frenetique—L. phreneticus—Gr. phrenētikos, mad, phrenītis, inflammation of the brain—phrēn, the mind; see Frenzy.]

Franzy, fran′zi, adj. (prov.) cross: particular.

Frap, frap, v.t. to strike: (naut.) to secure by many turns of a lashing. [Fr. frapper, to strike.]

Frappé, fra-pā, adj. iced, cooled. [Fr.]

Fratch, frach, n. (prov.) a quarrel or brawl.—adjs. ', '; . [Imit.]

Frater, frā′ter, n. the refectory of a monastery. [O. Fr. fraitur for refreitor.—Low L. refectōrium.]

Fraternal, fra-tėr′nal, adj. belonging to a brother or brethren: becoming brothers.—ns. Frate a friar:—pl. '; ', a friar: comrade; ', a genus of marine diving-birds, the puffins or masked auks.—adv. '.—n. ', the associating as brethren.—v.i. ', to associate as brothers: to seek brotherly fellowship.—ns. '; ', the state of being brethren: a society formed on a principle of brotherhood; ', the common-room of a monastic establishment, the chapter-house—also ': a fraternity: a convent of friars. [Fr.,—Low L. fraternalis—frater, a brother, Eng. brother, Gr. phratēr, a clansman, Sans. bhrāta.]

Fratricide, frat′ri-sīd, n. one who kills his brother: the murder of a brother.—adj. . [Fr.,—L. frater, fratris, cædĕre, to kill.]

Frau, frow, n. a married woman, a wife.—n. , a young lady, miss—often in England for a German governess. [Ger.]

Fraud, frawd, n. deceit: imposture: (Milt.) a snare: a deceptive trick: (coll.) a cheat: a fraudulent production.—adj. ', deceptive.—adv. '.—ns. ', '.—adj. ', using fraud: dishonest.—adv. '.—Fraudulent bankruptcy, a bankruptcy in which the insolvent is accessory, by concealment or otherwise, to the diminution of the funds divisible among his creditors.—Pious fraud, a deception practised with a good end in view: (coll.) a religious humbug. [O. Fr.,—L. fraus, fraudis, fraud.]

Fraught, frawt, n. a load, cargo: the freight of a ship.—v.t. to fill, store.—v.i. (Shak.) to form the freight of a vessel.—p.adj. freighted, laden: filled.—n.  (Shak.), loading, cargo. [Prob. Old Dut. vracht. Cf. Freight.]

Fraxinella, frak-si-nel′a, n. a common name for cultivated species of dittany.—n. , the genus of Oleaceæ containing the common ash.

Fray, frā, n. an affray, a brawl.—v.t. (B.) to frighten. [Abbrev. of affray.]

Fray, frā, v.t. to wear off by rubbing: to ravel out the edge of a stuff.—v.i. to become frayed.—n. , the action of the verb fray: ravellings. [Fr. frayer—L. fricāre, to rub.]

Frazil, fräz′il, n. anchor-ice. [Canadian Fr.; prob. Fr. fraisil, cinders.]

Frazzle, fraz′l, v.t. (U.S.) to fray, wear out.—n. state of being worn out.

Freak, frēk, n. a sudden caprice or fancy: sport: an abnormal production of nature, a monstrosity.—ns. ', '.—adjs. ', ', apt to change the mind suddenly: capricious.—adv. . [A late word; cf. A.S. frícian, to dance.]

Freak, frēk, v.t. to spot or streak: to variegate.—n. a streak of colour.

Freck, frek, adj. (Scot.) prompt, eager.—Also Frack.

Freckle, frek′l, v.t. to spot: to colour with spots.—n. a yellowish or brownish-yellow spot on the skin, esp. of fair-haired persons: any small spot.—n. ', a little spot.—adjs. ', , full of freckles. [Ice. freknur (pl.), Dan. fregne.]

Free, frē, adj. not bound: at liberty: not under arbitrary government: unimpeded: set at liberty: guiltless: frank: lavish: not attached: exempt (with from): having a franchise (with of): gratuitous: bold, indecent: idiomatic, as a translation.—v.t. to set at liberty: to deliver from what confines: to rid (with from, of):—pr.p. pa.p. freed.—ns. ', state or power of acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will; '; ', a kind of public-house club where good fellows gather to smoke and sing; ', a widow's right to dower out of her husband's lands, so long as unmarried and chaste; ', the space between a vessel's line of flotation and the upper side of the deck; ' (Dut. vrijbuiter), one who roves about freely in search of booty: a plunderer; '.—adj. ', acting the part of a freebooter: robbing.—n. the practice of a freebooter: robbery, pillage.—n. '.—adj. ', born of free parents.—ns. ', a city having independent government; ', freedom from charges; ', a man who has been a slave, and has been freed or set free; ', liberty: frankness: separation: privileges connected with a city: improper familiarity: license; ', one who has a right to take fish in certain waters.—adjs. ' (Shak.) not restrained in movement; ', applied to drawing by the unguided hand; ', open-handed: liberal; ', open-hearted: liberal.—ns. ', liberality: frankness; ', a property held free of duty except to the king; ', one who possesses a freehold; ', voluntary, not slave, labour; ', one of certain roving companies of knights and men-at-arms, who after the Crusades wandered about Europe, selling their services to any one; ', one who freely indulges his appetite for eating and drinking: a glutton; ', the claim to freedom in sexual relations, unshackled by marriage or obligation to aliment.—adv. '.—ns. ', a man who is free or enjoys liberty: one who holds a particular franchise or privilege:—pl. '; ', one of a secret society of so-called speculative masons, united in lodges for social enjoyment and mutual assistance, and laying dubious claim to a connection with the medieval organisations of free operative masons.—adj. '.—n. ', the institutions, practices, &c. of Freemasons.—adj. ', with a mind free or unperplexed: without a load of care.—ns. '; ', a port where no duties are levied on articles of commerce; ', a school where no tuition fees are exacted; ' (Ger. Freischütz), the name given to a legendary hunter and marksman who gets a number of bullets (Freikugeln) from the devil, six of which always hit the mark, while the seventh is at the disposal of the devil himself.—adjs. ', in favour of free territory, opposed to slavery; ', accustomed to speak without reserve.—ns. '; , an easily quarried stone composed of sand or grit.—adj. having a stone from which the pulp easily separates, as a peach—opp. to Clingstone.—adj. ', swimming freely, as an aquatic animal.—ns. ', one who professes to be free from conventional authority in religion: a rationalist; ', ', the habit of mind of a freethinker.—adj. ', free-spoken.—ns. ', free or unrestricted trade: free interchange of commodities without protective duties; ', one who practises or advocates this; ', freedom of the will from restraint: liberty of choice: power of self-determination.—adj. spontaneous.—Free-cell formation, the formation of several cells from and in the protoplasm of the mother-cell; Free Church, that branch of the Presbyterians in Scotland which left the Established Church in the Disruption of 1843, finding spiritual independence impossible within it: a church whose sittings are open to all: (pl.) a term often applied to the Nonconformist churches generally; Free list, the list of persons admitted without payment to a theatre, &c., or of those to whom a book, &c., is sent; Free on board (F.O.B.), a phrase meaning that goods are to be delivered on the vessel or other conveyance without charge.—Free States, in America, before the Civil War of 1861-65, those of the United States in which slavery did not exist, as opposed to Slave States.—Make free with, to take undue liberties with. [A.S. freo; Ger. frei, Ice. frí.]