CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Uganda


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!| Background:
 * Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. During the 1990s, the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 36,330 sq km land: 199,710 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 10.65% other: 63.47% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification !| Geography - note:
 * Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
 * 1 00 N, 32 00 E
 * Africa
 * total: 236,040 sq km
 * slightly smaller than Oregon
 * total: 2,698 km
 * 0 km (landlocked)
 * none (landlocked)
 * tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
 * mostly plateau with rim of mountains
 * lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
 * copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
 * arable land: 25.88%
 * 90 sq km (1998 est.)
 * NA
 * draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; poaching is widespread
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
 * landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers
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!| Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 47.1% (male 6,199,732; female 6,233,678) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 269,990; female 351,186) (2004 est.) !| Median age: female: 14.9 years (2004 est.) male: 14.7 years !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 2001, Uganda was host to 178,815 refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 155,996, Rwanda 14,375, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 7,459 (2004 est.) !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 78.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 93.58 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 43.76 years female: 46.83 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Major infectious diseases: overall degree of risk: very high (2004) !| Nationality: adjective: Ugandan !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 69.9% male: 79.5% female: 60.4% (2003 est.)
 * 26,404,543
 * 0-14 years: 50.6% (male 6,696,193; female 6,653,764)
 * total: 14.8 years
 * 2.97% (2004 est.)
 * 46.31 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 16.61 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
 * at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
 * total: 86.15 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 45.28 years
 * 6.64 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 4.1% (2003 est.)
 * 600,000 (2001 est.)
 * 84,000 (2001 est.)
 * typhoid fever, malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis
 * noun: Ugandan(s)
 * Baganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro 3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%, Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%
 * Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
 * English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Uganda !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8% !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 26 June 2001 (next to be held May or June 2006); election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: note: the constitution requires the suspension of political parties while the Movement organization is in governance; of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA] !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 1577 Ggaba Rd., Kampala mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala telephone: [256] (41) 234-142 FAX: [256] (41) 258-451 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
 * republic
 * Kampala
 * 56 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe
 * 9 October 1962 (from UK)
 * Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
 * 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
 * in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
 * 18 years of age; universal
 * chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
 * unicameral National Assembly (303 members - 214 directly elected by popular vote, 81 nominated by legally established special interest groups [women 56, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], 8 ex officio members; members serve five-year terms)
 * Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
 * only one political organization, the Movement (formerly the NRM)[President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the Movement is not a political party, but a mass organization, which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans
 * Popular Resistance Against a Life President or PRALP
 * ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Jimmy KOLKER
 * six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 21.2% services: 42.8% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 21% (2000) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $1.433 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY98/99 est.) (2003) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Corruption within the government and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001-02 was solid despite continued decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export. Solid growth in 2003 reflected an upturn in Uganda's export markets.
 * purchasing power parity - $36.1 billion (2003 est.)
 * 4.4% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 36.1%
 * 20.3% of GDP (2003)
 * 35% (2001 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 4%
 * 37.4 (1996)
 * 7.9% (2003 est.)
 * 12.09 million (2003 est.)
 * agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.)
 * NA (2002 est.)
 * revenues: $1.123 billion
 * 62.2% of GDP (2003)
 * coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry, cut flowers
 * sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
 * 5% (2003 est.)
 * 1.928 billion kWh (2001)
 * 1.62 billion kWh (2001)
 * 174 million kWh (2001)
 * 1 million kWh (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 8,750 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * $-237 million (2003)
 * $495 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * coffee, fish and fish products, tea; gold, cotton, flowers, horticultural products
 * Kenya 14.7%, Switzerland 13.7%, Netherlands 9.2%, UK 6.4%, South Africa 5.6% (2003)
 * $1.179 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
 * Kenya 26%, India 7.4%, South Africa 7.2%, Japan 6.6%, UK 6.3%, UAE 5.8%, US 5.7%, China 5.1% (2003)
 * $1.08 billion (2003)
 * $3.818 billion (2003 est.)
 * $1.4 billion (2000)
 * Ugandan shilling (UGX)
 * UGX
 * Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,963.72 (2003), 1,797.55 (2002), 1,755.66 (2001), 1,644.48 (2000), 1,454.83 (1999)
 * 1 July - 30 June
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short-range traffic international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 61,000 (2003)
 * 776,200 (2003)
 * general assessment: seriously inadequate; two cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available
 * AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
 * 5 million (2001)
 * 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (2001)
 * 500,000 (2001)
 * .ug
 * 2,692 (2004)
 * 2 (2000)
 * 125,000 (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 1,809 km unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.) !| Waterways: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: roll on/roll off 3 (2003 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
 * total: 1,241 km
 * total: 27,000 km
 * 300 km (on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile) (2004 est.)
 * Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
 * total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,091 GRT/5,943 DWT
 * 27 (2003 est.)
 * total: 4
 * total: 25
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Ugandan Peoples' Defense Force (UPDF): Army, Marine Unit, Air Wing
 * 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military duty; the government has stated that recruitment below that age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"
 * males age 15-49: 5,678,649 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 3,085,053 (2004 est.)
 * $128.2 million (2003)
 * 2.1% (2003)
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