CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Togo


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!| Background:
 * French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. While most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen, the European Union initiated a partial resumption of cooperation and development aid to Togo in late 2004.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 2,400 sq km land: 54,385 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Mont Agou 986 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 2.21% other: 51.64% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements !| Geography - note:
 * Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
 * 8 00 N, 1 10 E
 * Africa
 * total: 56,785 sq km
 * slightly smaller than West Virginia
 * total: 1,647 km
 * 56 km
 * territorial sea: 30 nm
 * tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
 * gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
 * lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
 * phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
 * arable land: 46.15%
 * 70 sq km (1998 est.)
 * hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
 * deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
 * the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
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!| Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 1,455,373; female 1,522,456) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 59,165; female 82,753) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 17.2 years female: 17.9 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 59.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 51.07 years female: 55.09 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Major infectious diseases: overall degree of risk: very high (2004) !| Nationality: adjective: Togolese !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 60.9% male: 75.4% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
 * 5,556,812
 * 0-14 years: 43.9% (male 1,222,622; female 1,214,443)
 * total: 17.6 years
 * 2.27% (2004 est.)
 * 34.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 11.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
 * total: 67.66 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 53.05 years
 * 4.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 4.1% (2003 est.)
 * 110,000 (2003 est.)
 * 10,000 (2003 est.)
 * typhoid fever, malaria, yellow fever, schistosomiasis
 * noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
 * native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
 * indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
 * French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Togo local short form: none former: French Togoland local long form: Republique Togolaise !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO 1.0% !| Legislative branch: elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007) note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPT 72, RSDD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991 !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52 !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Togolese Republic
 * republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
 * Lome
 * 5 regions (regions, singular - region); Kara, Plateaux, Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
 * 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
 * Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
 * multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
 * French-based court system
 * NA years of age; universal adult
 * chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 6 February 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, who will be allowed to complete his father's term
 * unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
 * Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
 * Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harryy OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]
 * NA
 * ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE
 * five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 20.4% services: 40.1% (2003 est.) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: NA !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $296.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.
 * purchasing power parity - $8.257 billion (2003 est.)
 * 3.3% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 39.5%
 * 18.4% of GDP (2003)
 * 32% (1989 est.)
 * lowest 10%: NA
 * -1% (2003 est.)
 * 1.74 million (1996)
 * agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
 * NA (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $214.5 million
 * coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
 * phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
 * NA
 * 101.6 million kWh (2001)
 * 614.5 million kWh (2001)
 * 0 kWh (2001)
 * 520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)
 * 0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 10,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * $-140 million (2003)
 * $398.1 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
 * Burkina Faso 16.6%, Ghana 15.4%, Netherlands 13%, Benin 9.6%, Mali 7.7% (2003)
 * $501.3 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
 * France 21.1%, Netherlands 12.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.9%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.4%, South Africa 4.3%, China 4.1% (2003)
 * $257 million (2003)
 * $1.4 billion (2000)
 * ODA $80 million (2000 est.)
 * Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
 * XOF
 * Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)
 * calendar year
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 60,600 (2003)
 * 220,000 (2003)
 * general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system
 * AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
 * 940,000 (1997)
 * 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
 * 73,000 (1997)
 * .tg
 * 82 (2003)
 * 3 (2001)
 * 210,000 (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.) !| Waterways: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: by type: cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.) !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.) !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
 * total: 568 km
 * total: 7,520 km
 * 50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)
 * Kpeme, Lome
 * total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT
 * 9 (2003 est.)
 * total: 2
 * total: 7
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
 * 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)
 * males age 15-49: 1,316,455 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 690,331 (2004 est.)
 * $32.6 million (2003)
 * 1.9% (2003)
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