CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Thailand


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!| Background:
 * A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US ally following the conflict. Thailand is currently facing armed violence in its three Muslim-majority southernmost provinces.
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!| Location: !| Geographic coordinates: !| Map references: !| Area: water: 2,230 sq km land: 511,770 sq km !| Area - comparative: !| Land boundaries: border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km !| Coastline: !| Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation !| Climate: !| Terrain: !| Elevation extremes: highest point: Doi Inthanon 2,576 m !| Natural resources: !| Land use: permanent crops: 6.46% other: 64.18% (2001) !| Irrigated land: !| Natural hazards: !| Environment - current issues: !| Environment - international agreements: signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea !| Geography - note:
 * Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
 * 15 00 N, 100 00 E
 * Southeast Asia
 * total: 514,000 sq km
 * slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming
 * total: 4,863 km
 * 3,219 km
 * territorial sea: 12 nm
 * tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
 * central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
 * lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m
 * tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
 * arable land: 29.36%
 * 47,490 sq km (1998 est.)
 * land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
 * air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting
 * party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
 * controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore
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!| Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) !| Age structure: 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 21,998,552; female 22,538,765) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 2,167,421; female 2,543,724) (2004 est.) !| Median age: male: 29.7 years female: 31.2 years (2004 est.) !| Population growth rate: !| Birth rate: !| Death rate: !| Net migration rate: !| Sex ratio: under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.) !| Infant mortality rate: female: 19.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 22.49 deaths/1,000 live births !| Life expectancy at birth: male: 69.23 years female: 73.71 years (2004 est.) !| Total fertility rate: !| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: !| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: !| HIV/AIDS - deaths: !| Nationality: adjective: Thai !| Ethnic groups: !| Religions: !| Languages: !| Literacy: total population: 92.6% male: 94.9% female: 90.5% (2002)
 * 64,865,523
 * 0-14 years: 24.1% (male 7,985,724; female 7,631,337)
 * total: 30.5 years
 * 0.91% (2004 est.)
 * 16.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * total: 21.14 deaths/1,000 live births
 * total population: 71.41 years
 * 1.89 children born/woman (2004 est.)
 * 1.5% (2003 est.)
 * 570,000 (2003 est.)
 * 58,000 (2003 est.)
 * noun: Thai (singular and plural)
 * Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
 * Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% (1991)
 * Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
 * definition: age 15 and over can read and write
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!| Country name: conventional short form: Thailand former: Siam !| Government type: !| Capital: !| Administrative divisions: !| Independence: !| National holiday: !| Constitution: !| Legal system: !| Suffrage: !| Executive branch: note: there is also a Privy Council head of government: Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat (since 9 February 2001) and Deputy Prime Ministers CHATURON Chaisaeng, Gen. CHAWALIT Yongchaiyut (Ret.), PURACHAI Piamsombun, VISHANU Krua-ngam (since 8 November 2003); LIPTAPANLOP Suwat (since 1 July 2004); SOMSAK Thepsuthin, PHINIT Charusombat (since 6 October 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister is designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following national elections for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the king !| Legislative branch: elections: Senate - last held 4 March, 29 April, 4 June, 9 July, and 22 July 2000 (next to be held by March 2006); House of Representatives - last held 6 January 2001 (next to be held 6 February 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TRT 248, DP 128, TNP 41, NDP 29, other 54 !| Judicial branch: !| Political parties and leaders: !| Political pressure groups and leaders: !| International organization participation: !| Diplomatic representation in the US: consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York FAX: [1] (202) 944-3611 telephone: [1] (202) 944-3600 chancery: 1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20007-3681 !| Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: 120/22 Wireless Road, Bangkok mailing address: APO AP 96546 telephone: [66] (2) 205-4000 FAX: [66] (2) 254-2990, 205-4131 consulate(s) general: Chiang Mai !| Flag description:
 * conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand
 * constitutional monarchy
 * Bangkok
 * 76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon
 * 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
 * Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927)
 * new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997
 * based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
 * 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
 * chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946)
 * bicameral fool Assembly or Rathasapha consists of the Senate or Wuthisapha (200 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
 * Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)
 * Democrat Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [BANYAT Bantadtan]; People's Party or PP (Mahachon Party) [ANEK Laothamatas]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BARNHARN SILPA-ARCHA]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]
 * NA
 * APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
 * chief of mission: KASIT Piromya
 * chief of mission: Ambassador Ralph L. BOYCE
 * five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red
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!| Economy - overview: !| GDP: !| GDP - real growth rate: !| GDP - per capita: !| GDP - composition by sector: industry: 44% services: 46.3% (2003) !| Investment (gross fixed): !| Population below poverty line: !| Household income or consumption by percentage share: highest 10%: 32.4% (1998) !| Distribution of family income - Gini index: !| Inflation rate (consumer prices): !| Labor force: !| Labor force - by occupation: !| Unemployment rate: !| Budget: expenditures: $24.01 billion, including capital expenditures of $5 billion (2003 est.) !| Public debt: !| Agriculture - products: !| Industries: !| Industrial production growth rate: !| Electricity - production: !| Electricity - consumption: !| Electricity - exports: !| Electricity - imports: !| Oil - production: !| Oil - consumption: !| Oil - exports: !| Oil - imports: !| Oil - proved reserves: !| Natural gas - production: !| Natural gas - consumption: !| Natural gas - exports: !| Natural gas - imports: !| Natural gas - proved reserves: !| Current account balance: !| Exports: !| Exports - commodities: !| Exports - partners: !| Imports: !| Imports - commodities: !| Imports - partners: !| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: !| Debt - external: !| Economic aid - recipient: !| Currency: !| Currency code: !| Exchange rates: !| Fiscal year:
 * Thailand has a free-enterprise economy and welcomes foreign investment. Exports feature textiles and footwear, fishery products, rice, rubber, jewelry, automobiles, computers and electrical appliances. Thailand has recovered from the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis and was one of East Asia's best performers in 2002. Increased consumption and investment spending and strong export growth pushed GDP growth up to 6.3% in 2003 despite a sluggish global economy. The highly popular government has pushed an expansionist policy, including major support of village economic development.
 * purchasing power parity - $477.5 billion (2003 est.)
 * 6.7% (2003 est.)
 * purchasing power parity - $7,400 (2003 est.)
 * agriculture: 9.8%
 * 25.5% of GDP (2003)
 * 10.4% (2002 est.)
 * lowest 10%: 2.8%
 * 41.4 (1998)
 * 1.8% (2003 est.)
 * 34.9 million (2003 est.)
 * agriculture 49%, industry 14%, services 37% (2000 est.)
 * 2.2% (2003 est.)
 * revenues: $24.41 billion
 * 46.6% of GDP (2003)
 * rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans
 * tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry, electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, world's second-largest tungsten producer, and third-largest tin producer
 * 12.3% (2003 est.)
 * 97.6 billion kWh (2001)
 * 90.91 billion kWh (2001)
 * 200 million kWh (2001)
 * 350 million kWh (2001)
 * 173,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * 785,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
 * NA (2001)
 * NA (2001)
 * 600 million bbl (1 January 2003)
 * 18.73 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 23.93 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 0 cu m (2001 est.)
 * 5.2 billion cu m (2001 est.)
 * 368.2 billion cu m (1 January 2003)
 * $9.44 billion (2003)
 * $75.99 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * computers, office machine parts, transistors, rubber, vehicles (cars and trucks), plastic, seafood (2002)
 * US 17%, Japan 14.2%, Singapore 7.3%, China 7.1%, Hong Kong 5.4%, Malaysia 4.8% (2003)
 * $65.3 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
 * capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels (2000)
 * Japan 24.1%, US 9.5%, China 8%, Malaysia 6%, Singapore 4.3%, Taiwan 4.2% (2003)
 * $42.15 billion (2003)
 * $53.75 billion (2003 est.)
 * $131.5 million (1998 est.)
 * baht (THB)
 * THB
 * baht per US dollar - 41.4846 (2003), 42.9601 (2002), 44.4319 (2001), 40.1118 (2000), 37.8137 (1999)
 * 1 October - 30 September
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!| Telephones - main lines in use: !| Telephones - mobile cellular: !| Telephone system: domestic: microwave radio relay and multichannel cable; domestic satellite system being developed international: country code - 66; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) !| Radio broadcast stations: !| Radios: !| Television broadcast stations: !| Televisions: !| Internet country code: !| Internet hosts: !| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): !| Internet users:
 * 6.6 million (2003)
 * 16.117 million (2002)
 * general assessment: service to general public adequate, but investment in technological upgrades reduced by recession; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay network
 * AM 204, FM 334, shortwave 6 (1999)
 * 13.96 million (1997)
 * 5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997)
 * 15.19 million (1997)
 * .th
 * 103,700 (2003)
 * 15 (2000)
 * 6,031,300 (2003)
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!| Railways: narrow gauge: 4,071 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) !| Highways: paved: 62,985 km unpaved: 1,615 km (1999 est.) !| Waterways: note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2003) !| Pipelines: !| Ports and harbors: !| Merchant marine: foreign-owned: Egypt 1, Germany 3, Indonesia 1, Japan 4, Norway 38, Panama 2, Singapore 3 registered in other countries: 43 (2004 est.) by type: bulk 40, cargo 135, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 1, container 19, liquefied gas 22, multi-functional large load carrier 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 79, refrigerated cargo 22, roll on/roll off 2, short-sea/passenger 2, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 1 !| Airports: !| Airports - with paved runways: over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 !| Airports - with unpaved runways: 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 28 (2004 est.) !| Heliports:
 * total: 4,071 km
 * total: 64,600 km
 * 4,000 km
 * gas 3,112 km; refined products 265 km (2004)
 * Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla
 * total: 339 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,038,597 GRT/3,104,712 DWT
 * 109 (2003 est.)
 * total: 65
 * total: 44
 * 3 (2003 est.)
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!| Military branches: !| Military manpower - military age and obligation: !| Military manpower - availability: !| Military manpower - fit for military service: !| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: !| Military expenditures - dollar figure: !| Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
 * Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (including Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force
 * 21 years of age for compulsory military service; males are registered at 18 years of age; conscript service obligation - 2 years; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
 * males age 15-49: 17,944,151 (2004 est.)
 * males age 15-49: 10,735,354 (2004 est.)
 * males: 531,511 (2004 est.)
 * $1.775 billion (FY00)
 * 1.8% (2003)
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